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在藏北大横山地区二岔沟一带的硅质岩、硅质泥岩中首次发现了拉丁晚期-卡尼早期的放射虫动物群,建立了二岔沟组.二岔沟组在区域上出露比较广泛,并往往与蛇绿岩相伴产出,系蛇绿岩的上覆沉积岩系,根据其中的放射虫化石的时代及获得的蛇绿岩Sm-Nd全岩等时线年龄值232Ma±11Ma,推断蛇绿岩形成于中三叠世晚期-晚三叠世早期.若拉岗日群的解体和二岔沟组、弯岛湖蛇绿岩的基本特征,表明大横山地区中三叠世晚期-晚三叠世早期为多岛洋盆扩张的鼎盛时期,晚三叠世-早侏罗世早期的消减闭合、碰撞造山运动形成了大横山构造蛇绿混杂岩带. 相似文献
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弯岛湖蛇绿混杂岩带是金沙江缝合带西段的重要组成部分。蛇绿岩混杂于上三叠统变质碎屑岩夹变质火山岩中,成份主要为镁铁质-超镁铁质杂岩,岩石类型有变质橄榄岩、变质堆晶质辉长岩及其伴生的岛弧型花岗岩系。岩石化学及地球化学特征表明:蛇绿岩主要为低Ti(岛弧-弧后)型、富集型洋中脊(E-MORB)拉斑玄武岩;与之共(伴)生的基性喷出岩、辉绿岩脉属板内洋岛型裂谷型碱性玄武岩及其过渡类型系列。在变质辉长岩获得全岩Sm-Nd等时线年龄值为232±11Ma,代表了镁铁质-超镁铁质杂岩的形成年龄,可能为洋壳初始俯冲变质的时间。在蛇绿岩上覆的硅质岩中发现有中三叠世拉丁晚期至晚三叠世卡宁早期的放射虫化石,表明弯岛湖镁铁质-超镁铁质杂岩可能形成于中三叠世多岛洋盆或弧后盆地构造环境。 相似文献
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根据康马地区三叠系吕村组和涅如组新发现的化石及区域地质背景 ,把该区的地层时代分别厘定为中三叠世中晚期至晚三叠世早期和晚三叠世中晚期 ,并认为缺失早三叠世至中三叠世早期的沉积。研究表明康马地区三叠系与二叠系之间为微角度不整合接触 ,是“藏南运动”和“印支伸展运动”共同影响形成的。晚二叠世末至中三叠世早期 ,康马地区露出海面 ,接受剥蚀并形成喀斯特化风化壳。中三叠世末至晚三叠世 ,这一地区发生强烈伸展—裂陷 ,地壳迅速沉降 ,形成被动大陆边缘裂谷盆地 ,发育巨厚的半深海—深海复理石沉积 ,并伴随大量基性岩浆贯入。涅如组下部有两期基性岩侵入 ,早期基性岩床形成于印支晚期 ,晚期穿层侵入形成于燕山早期。 相似文献
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三叠纪岩浆作用广泛发育于澜沧江南带,锆石U-Pb年代学结果及岩石组合特征显示:(1)该区残留有少量的早三叠世火山岩(约248Ma),主要为一套薄层的以安山岩为主的火山岩;(2)中三叠世以大规模的酸性岩浆作用为主,部分地段的中部夹有少量的玄武岩,其中晚期的流纹岩与该区出露巨大的临沧花岗岩基主体具有一致的形成时代(约230Ma);(3)晚三叠世则以基性火山岩为主,夹少量流纹岩为特征的"双峰式"火山岩组合。元素地球化学特征表明,早三叠世火山岩具有典型的岛弧火山岩的特征,暗示其很可能形成于俯冲的构造环境;中三叠世晚期的流纹岩与临沧花岗岩基主体具有非常相似的地球化学特征,结合其流纹岩具有A型花岗岩属性,表明该区中三叠世火成岩形成于碰撞后的构造背景;而晚三叠世基性火山岩虽然在地球化学特征上显示出与岛弧火山岩相似的高铝和Nb-Ta的亏损,但其中部分火山岩具有高镁和板内玄武岩的微量元素比值特征,说明这些火山岩可能形成于碰撞后裂谷(post-collisional rifting)环境。结合区域上前人的研究资料,我们认为西南三江地区古特提斯主洋盆的俯冲闭合可能直到早三叠世晚期才完成,其后的陆-陆/弧碰撞作用可能发生在中三叠世早期,中三叠世中晚期该区进入碰撞后演化阶段,晚三叠世开始处于碰撞后的裂谷阶段,古特提斯在该区的演化最终结束于三叠纪末。 相似文献
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在1∶25万霍尔巴幅区域地质调查中,在雅鲁藏布江结合带穷果群上部及修康群中发现了较多的硅质板岩,其内含有较丰富的放射虫化石,共有48属35种,可识别为Cenosphaera-Phormocyrtis,Capnuchosphaera-Angulobracchia和Parahsuum-Citriduma 3个组合,时代为中—晚三叠世。厘定修康群的形成时代为晚三叠世,穷果群的形成时代为中三叠世。这一发现为确定蛇绿岩的时代提供了重要的古生物依据,表明该区蛇绿岩的形成时代应早于中三叠世。结合区域地质特征,修康群应形成于大陆斜坡-深海沉积环境,位于南带特提斯洋盆区的边部地带。 相似文献
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辽西凌源地区水泉沟组辉石安山岩锆石SHRIMP U-Pb定年及其意义 总被引：11，自引：1，他引：11
水泉沟组分布在辽西凌源地区,不整合覆盖早中生代第一期推覆构造系统,其上又被稍晚形成的燕山早期推覆构造所掩覆.水泉沟组辉石安山岩锆石SHRIMP U-Pb测年结果为230.4Ma±3.1Ma.测试结果表明①辽西水泉沟组时代为晚三叠世;②燕山地区晚三叠世安山质火山岩很可能代表一种拉张的构造环境;③燕山地区早中生代早期挤压逆冲构造发育于早中三叠世,即燕山地区印支阶段早期为挤压逆冲,晚期为伸展构造. 相似文献
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基于东昆仑造山带祁漫塔格构造走廊域晚古生代—早中生代侵入岩类的野外地质学、岩石学、时空分布和同位素定年资料,可以识别出5个构造岩浆阶段和5个构造岩浆带。研究区的岩浆活动主要集中于早中二叠世阶段、晚二叠世晚期—中三叠世早期、中三叠世、晚三叠世和晚三叠世—早侏罗世。早中二叠世阶段的岩浆活动产物为花岗闪长岩+(斑状)二长花岗组合、石英闪长岩+斑状石英闪长岩组合及闪长岩+石英闪长岩组合,晚二叠世晚期—中三叠世早期(254.1～240.6Ma)为(斑状)二长花岗岩+正长花岗岩组合;中三叠世(安尼期晚期—拉丁初期)为闪长岩+石英闪长岩+花岗闪长岩+英云闪长岩组合;晚三叠世(212～225Ma)为石英二长闪长岩+花岗闪长岩+(斑状)二长花岗岩+正长花岗岩组合;晚三叠世—早侏罗世(瑞替—郝塘期)代表性的岩石组合为石英二长岩+(斑状)正长花岗岩+碱长花岗岩。这些火成岩组合有规律地分布在构造走廊域内,是揭示东昆仑造山带构造演化的关键所在。 相似文献
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采用沉降分析的"反剥法",建立了三叠纪右江盆地的构造沉降曲线.该曲线具有4个较清楚的代表沉降加速的坡折,这说明在三叠纪华南板块南缘上曾发生过4次明显的构造负荷的叠加过程,这些坡折之间的构造沉降曲线较平缓,说明主要是热沉降造成.通过对盆地沉降史的定量分析和沉积特征研究,认为华南板块南缘在晚二叠世末期开始由离散边缘转为汇聚边缘,右江盆地也随之从裂谷盆地转为前陆盆地.前陆盆地的构造-沉积演化分为三个阶段(1)早期阶段(晚二叠世长兴末期-中三叠世安尼初期,即251～239 Ma)为初始沉降和非补偿充填阶段;中期阶段(中三叠世安尼早期-晚三叠世卡尼早期,即239～225.5 Ma)主要以浊流沉积充填为特征,并伴有盆缘隆起的形成,且从早到晚盆地沉降中心自南向北推进,而盆缘隆起则由北往南位移;晚期阶段(晚三叠世卡尼晚期-瑞替期,即225.5～210 Ma)盆地由深变浅,并最终被陆相磨拉石沉积覆盖. 相似文献
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通过1∶5万区域地质调查和收集相关资料的综合研究,本文对雅鲁藏布江结合带的形成演化作了进一步的探讨。雅鲁藏布江特提斯洋具有弧后扩张洋盆的性质,在早三叠世至中三叠世中期洋盆初步形成,中三叠世晚期至晚三叠世洋盆全面形成,从早侏罗世至晚白垩世洋盆逐步萎缩,到古新世至始新世关闭。南带的蛇绿岩主要为洋中脊扩张型(MORB型),形成于中三叠世晚期至晚三叠世。北带的蛇绿岩主要为与洋内俯冲相关的俯冲带上盘型(SSZ型),形成于早中侏罗世。带内侏罗纪至白垩纪其他岩浆岩主要为前弧玄武岩类(FAB型)。显示雅鲁藏布江特提斯洋从早侏罗世开始发生了洋内俯冲,并同步向北向冈底斯带之下主动俯冲消减和向南向喜马拉雅地块之下被动俯冲消减,持续发展到晚白垩世,在古新世至始新世俯冲碰撞消亡转化为结合带。 相似文献
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Influences of the unsaturated,saturated, and riparian zones on the transport of nitrate near the Merced River,California, USA 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Joseph L. Domagalski Steven P. Phillips E. Randall Bayless Celia Zamora Carol Kendall Richard A. WildmanJr Janet G. Hering 《Hydrogeology Journal》2008,16(4):675-690
Transport and transformation of nitrate was evaluated along a 1-km groundwater transect from an almond orchard to the Merced River, California, USA, within an irrigated agricultural setting. As indicated by measurements of pore-water nitrate and modeling using the root zone water quality model, about 63% of the applied nitrogen was transported through a 6.5-m unsaturated zone. Transport times from recharge locations to the edge of a riparian zone ranged from approximately 6 months to greater than 100 years. This allowed for partial denitrification in horizons having mildly reducing conditions, and essentially no denitrification in horizons with oxidizing conditions. Transport times across a 50–100-m-wide riparian zone of less than a year to over 6 years and more strongly reducing conditions resulted in greater rates of denitrification. Isotopic measurements and concentrations of excess N2 in water were indicative of denitrification with the highest rates below the Merced River. Discharge of water and nitrate into the river was dependent on gradients driven by irrigation or river stage. The results suggest that the assimilative capacity for nitrate of the groundwater system, and particularly the riverbed, is limiting the nitrate load to the Merced River in the study area. 相似文献
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E. M. Prasolov S. A. Sergeev B. V. Belyatsky E. S. Bogomolov K. A. Gruzdov I. N. Kapitonov R. Sh. Krymsky V. O. Khalenev 《Geochemistry International》2018,56(1):46-64
This paper reports the first results of a study of 11 isotope systems (3He/4He, 40Ar/36Ar, 34S/32S, 65Cu/63Cu, 62Ni/60Ni, 87Sr/86Sr, 143Nd/144Nd, 206–208Pb/204Pb, Hf–Nd, U–Pb, and Re–Os) in the rocks and ores of the Cu–Ni–PGE deposits of the Norilsk ore district. Almost all the results were obtained at the Center of Isotopic Research of the Karpinskii All-Russia Research Institute of Geology. The use of a number of independent genetic isotopic signatures and comprehensive isotopic knowledge provided a methodic basis for the interpretation of approximately 5000 isotopic analyses of various elements. The presence of materials from two sources, crust and mantle, was detected in the composition of the rocks and ores. The contribution of the crustal source is especially significant in the paleofluids (gas–liquid microinclusions) of the ore-forming medium. Crustal solutions were probably a transport medium during ore formation. Air argon is dominant in the ores, which indicates a connection between the paleofluids and the atmosphere. This suggests intense groundwater circulation during the crystallization of ore minerals. The age of the rocks and ores of the Norilsk deposits was determined. The stage of orebody formation is restricted to a narrow age interval of 250 ± 10 Ma. An isotopic criterion was proposed for the ore-bearing potential of mafic intrusions in the Norilsk–Taimyr region. It includes several interrelated isotopic ratios of various elements: He, Ar, S, and others. 相似文献
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山西五台山区滹沱群变质玄武岩岩石学、地球化学特征及其成因意义 总被引：10，自引：0，他引：10
在野外地质调查的基础上,选取滹沱群豆村亚群底部四集庄组玄武岩、顶部青石村组玄武岩和东冶亚群中下部河边村组玄武岩,进行岩石学和地球化学研究。分析结果表明：玄武岩主量元素高TiO2、TFeO,低MgO,具有演化的基性岩浆的特征。稀土元素含量相对较高,具有弱—中等程度的轻稀土元素富集,中等程度的轻重稀土元素分异,轻微的Eu异常;玄武岩中Cr、Ni含量变化较大,但与Mg#具有很好的正相关性。微量元素配分图解中具有明显的Sr负异常,部分样品具有Nb、Ta和Ti负异常,无Zr、Hf负异常,与岛弧火山岩不同;同时Nb、Ta无分异,Zr/Hf值较高,具有板内玄武岩浆的特征。综合分析认为,滹沱群玄武岩可能形成于板内裂谷环境。在岩浆上升过程中发生橄榄石与尖晶石的分离结晶作用,同时不同程度地受到地壳的混染。 相似文献
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扬子北缘马元铅锌矿床闪锌矿微量元素及S-Pb-He-Ar-C同位素地球化学研究 总被引：7，自引：3，他引：4
马元铅锌矿床是近年扬子陆块北缘铅锌找矿的新突破。矿体呈层状、似层状产于碑坝隆起翼部震旦系灯影组角砾状白云岩层间构造带中,围岩蚀变很弱。矿石中硫化物以闪锌矿、方铅矿为主,中粗粒晶质结构,充填于白云岩角砾间。闪锌矿富集Cd、Ge、Ag,贫In、Tl、Se,Ga/In为6~132,Ge/In多1000,成矿温度以中-低温为主。金属硫化物ε~(34)S值相对集中,为12.9‰~19.4‰,平均为17.4‰,来自于海相硫酸盐的还原。铅同位素组成稳定,~(206)Pb/~(204)Pb为17.858~17.918:~(207)Pb/~(204)Pb为15.603~15.694;~(208)Pb/~(204)Pb为37.756~38.046,具有造山带和上地壳铅的特征,震旦系可能提供了金属成矿物质。闪锌矿中流体包裹体的~3He/~4He为0.03Ra~1.05Ra,~(40)Ar/~(36)Ar为326.1~765.1,~(38)Ar/~(36)Ar为0.183~0.204,表明成矿流体主要为地壳流体和饱和大气水(大气降水或海水)的混合。闪锌矿内流体包裹体挥发分δ~(13)C_(CH_4)值为-36.01‰~-28.80‰,δ~(13)C_(C_2H_6)值为-27.72‰~-22.44‰,δ~(13)C_(CO_2)值为-23.24‰~-9.68‰,表明有机流体参与了成矿作用。石英、方解石的H-O同位素结果表明具有海水和有机水混合的特征。可见,成矿流体具有两种流体混合的特征,一为蒸发海水与围岩反应所形成的盆地卤水,二为有机流体。推测矿区可能存在一个古油气藏,由于TSR生成一高硫气藏,为区内还原性有机流体的主要来源。当富含Pb、Zn等成矿物质的成矿流体运移至富含CH_4和H_2S的还原性流体的矿区角砾岩带时,两种流体混合,Pb、Zn等遇到H_2S发生反应而沉淀成矿,并伴生热液白云石等,形成了马元铅锌矿床。综上所述,我们认为马元矿床属MVT型铅锌矿床。 相似文献
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Pressure Increases, the Formation of Chromite Seams, and the Development of the Ultramafic Series in the Stillwater Complex, Montana 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
This paper explores the hypothesis that chromite seams in theStillwater Complex formed in response to periodic increasesin total pressure in the chamber. Total pressure increased becauseof the positive V of nucleation of CO2 bubbles in the melt andtheir subsequent rise through the magma chamber, during whichthe bubbles increased in volume by a factor of 4–6. Byanalogy with the pressure changes in the summit chambers ofKilauea and Krafla volcanoes, the maximum variation was 0•2–0•25kbar, or 5–10% of the total pressure in the Stillwaterchamber. An evaluation of the likelihood of fountaining andmixing of a new, primitive liquid that entered the chamber withthe somewhat more evolved liquid already in the chamber is basedupon calculations using observed and inferred velocities andflow rates of basaltic magmas moving through volcanic fissures.The calculations indicate that hot, dense magma would have oozed,rather than fountained into the chamber, and early mixing ofthe new and residual magmas that could have resulted in chromitecrystallizing alone did not take place. Mixing was an important process in the Stillwater magma chamber,however. After the new magma in the chamber underwent {smalltilde}5% fractional crystallization, its composition, temperature,and density approached those of the overlying liquid in thechamber and the liquids then mixed. If this process occurredmany times over the course of the development of the Ultramaficseries, a thick column of magma with orthopyroxene on its liquiduswould have been the result. Thus, the sequence of multiple injections,fractionation, and mixing with previously fractionated magmacould have been the mechanism that produced the thick bronzitecumulate layer (the Bronzitite zone) above the cyclic units. 相似文献
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V. Yu. Prokof’ev L. D. Zorina V. A. Kovalenker N. N. Akinfiev I. A. Baksheev A. N. Krasnov G. A. Yurgenson N. V. Trubkin 《Geology of Ore Deposits》2007,49(1):31-68
The mineral composition of the Talatui gold deposit has been studied with modern methods. Previously unknown minerals (ilmenite, siegenite, glaucodot, wittichenite, matildite, hessite, pilsenite, zircon, tremolite, cummingtonite, hercynite, and goethite) have been identified in the ore. A high Re content has been detected in molybdenite. The spatiotemporal separation of Au and Ag is caused by different mineral species of these elements and their diachronous precipitation during the ore-forming process. Gold crystallized along with early mineral assemblages, beginning from virtually pure gold (the fineness is 996). Silver precipitated largely at the end of the process as hessite (Ag2Te) and matildite (AgBiS2). The temperature of ore deposition varied from 610 to 145°C, the pressure was 3370–110 bar, and the salt concentration ranged from 56.3 to 0.4 wt % NaCl equiv. The heterogeneous state (boiling) of fluid at the early stages has been documented. The chemical and isotopic compositions of the fluid testify to its magmatic nature and the participation of meteoric water at late stages in the ore-forming process. Thermodynamic modeling reproduces the main specific features of ore formation, including separation of Au and Ag. A physicochemical model of the gold mineralization in the Darasun ore district has been proposed. On the basis of several attributes, the Talatui deposit has been referred to the prophyry gold-copper economic type. 相似文献