共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 125 毫秒
1.
藏北商旭金矿床的碎屑锆石U-Pb年龄及其地质意义 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
商旭金矿床处于班公湖—怒江缝合带中段南侧,位于藏北双湖县境内,是班公湖—怒江缝合带已发现的一例造山型金矿。本文选择该矿床木嘎岗日群(J1-2M)的变质砂岩进行碎屑锆石U-Pb定年研究,以期获得碎屑沉积物物源区的丰富信息。随机选取114颗锆石进行分析,可知:(1)锆石颗粒大小在80~150μm之间,绝大多数锆石颗粒的Th/U比值0.4;(2)年龄分布范围在223~2 615 Ma之间,年龄峰值分别为280 Ma、451 Ma、908 Ma、1 900 Ma和2 430 Ma。将商旭矿区碎屑锆石U-Pb年龄谱图分别与拉萨地块、羌塘地块沉积岩的碎屑锆石年龄谱图对比分析,获得如下初步结论:该区的沉积物的最大沉积年龄为223 Ma,峰值为908 Ma的年龄群,可比于南羌塘沉积岩的碎屑锆石年龄峰值(~950 Ma),明显不同于拉萨地块沉积岩的碎屑锆石年龄峰值(~1 170 Ma)。综合分析表明,该区的沉积物可能为班公湖—怒江洋残余洋盆的产物,暗示班公湖—怒江洋壳在中生代存在北向俯冲。 相似文献
2.
为研究澜沧江沉积物的物质来源及相邻地块的地壳生长和演化规律,利用LA-MC-ICP-MS分析技术,对澜沧江河流沉积物碎屑锆石进行了U-Pb年龄和Hf同位素研究。结果表明：锆石U-Pb年龄主要有5个年龄段,分别是＜177 Ma、201~418 Ma、428~544 Ma、581~1189 Ma和1406~2533 Ma,主要峰值为260 Ma、788 Ma、1 827 Ma和2 474 Ma。其年龄分布特征与北羌塘地块的年龄分布非常一致,说明澜沧江沉积物主要来源于北羌塘地块;结合Hf同位素分析结果,能够反映源区北羌塘地块的形成与演化历史。新太古代-中元古代是北羌塘地块从亏损地幔物质增生的地壳持续生长阶段,它们构成现今北羌塘地块全部地壳物质的78%以上,此后直到0.64 Ga,北羌塘地块的地壳增生作用基本结束。 相似文献
3.
班公湖-怒江特提斯洋盆的闭合时限对理解班公湖-怒江结合带的构造演化意义重大。本文采用碎屑锆石年代学的方法,分析了班公湖-怒江结合带西段革吉地区沙木罗组下段与沙木罗组上段的物源特征及差异,为班公湖-怒江特提斯洋盆西段的闭合时间提供了新的证据。研究结果表明沙木罗组下段碎屑锆石年龄分布于2586±26Ma～130±1. 5Ma之间,显示出1个主峰年龄约165Ma,1个次峰年龄约240Ma。碎屑锆石年龄分6个组别,集中在2600～2400Ma、2000～1900Ma、1000～840Ma、500～400Ma、340～200Ma和200～130Ma,分别与新太古代克拉通汇聚事件、哥伦比亚超大陆相关的构造热事件、新元古代构造热事件、冈瓦纳大陆边缘安第斯型造山作用的岩浆活动事件、龙木错-双湖结合带岩浆活动事件和班公湖-怒江特提斯洋盆俯冲消减的岩浆活动事件一一对应。沙木罗组上段碎屑锆石年龄分布于2558±22Ma～101±1. 0Ma之间,显示出1个主峰年龄约107Ma,2个次峰年龄分别约226Ma、150Ma。碎屑锆石年龄集中分布于1个年龄组为122～101Ma,记录了班公湖-怒江特提斯洋盆俯冲消减的岩浆活动。通过与潜在源区的年龄谱峰进行对比,沙木罗组下段物源区与南羌塘地块有良好的亲缘性,表明其沉积物物源主要为南羌塘地块,其中南羌塘岩浆弧可能为其主要贡献者。沙木罗组上段物源区与南羌塘地块和北拉萨地块均具有良好的亲缘性,其沉积物物源具有双源性,分别来源于南羌塘岩浆弧和北拉萨岩浆弧。沙木罗组下段和上段沉积物物源的差异性暗示它们形成的沉积环境和物源区不同。对比分析沙木罗组下段和上段岩石学、碎屑锆石形态学等特征,也揭示了类似的差异性。结合其他相关地质资料,认为班公湖-怒江特提斯洋盆在革吉地区的主体闭合时间约115～110Ma,其代表性岩浆事件为南羌塘地块和北拉萨地块的早白垩世岩浆弧,沙木罗组为班公湖-怒江特提斯洋盆由俯冲消减到闭合过程中的沉积产物。 相似文献
4.
西藏安多地区早古生代及中生代造山记录:来自安多微陆块-南羌塘锆石U-Pb年代学及Hf同位素研究 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
安多地区位于青藏高原腹地,为拉萨地体、羌塘地体及安多微陆块的结合部位,是研究拉萨地体、羌塘地体起源以及特提斯造山过程的关键位置。我们对采自安多地区的前中生代基底岩石及侏罗系沉积岩样品进行了岩石学、锆石U-Pb年代学及Hf同位素研究。研究结果表明:安多花岗片麻岩中锆石同时记录了510～505Ma岩浆年龄以及187Ma变质年龄;187Ma的变质锆石与510～505Ma的岩浆锆石具有相似的Hf同位素模式年龄(1.7～1.5Ga),表明寒武纪花岗岩主要来源于古老地壳重熔。碎屑锆石年代学分析结果揭示了安多微陆块石英岩具有498～484Ma、800～1000Ma和1800～1950Ma的年龄峰值,与南羌塘地体及特提斯喜马拉雅碎屑锆石年龄分布特征相似,表明其在早古生代时位于冈瓦纳大陆北部印度陆块边缘。南羌塘坳陷东南部中侏罗世砂岩及钙质砂岩碎屑锆石年代学分析结果显示其具有182～171Ma、450～600Ma、800～1000Ma、1800～1950Ma及2400～2600Ma的年龄峰值,这种年龄分布特征与安多微陆块及南羌塘地体相似,而与拉萨地体不同,说明南羌塘坳陷东南部下-中侏罗统物源主要来自安多微陆块及南羌塘地体,在早-中侏罗世时安多微陆块与南羌塘地体已经发生了碰撞造山。 相似文献
5.
西藏拉萨地块过铝质花岗岩中继承锆石的物源区示踪及其古地理意义 总被引：5，自引：2，他引：3
富含继承锆石的过铝质花岗岩一般来源于富铝质岩石(如变泥质岩)的部分熔融,因而分析这些继承锆石的U-Pb年龄可以像分析沉积岩碎屑锆石的U-Pb年龄一样,提供过铝质花岗岩源区物质中碎屑沉积物物源区的丰富信息。本文报道了中部拉萨地块早侏罗世过铝质花岗岩的全岩地球化学和锆石U-Pb年代学数据,结合拉萨地块已有二叠纪和晚三叠世过铝质花岗岩的继承锆石年代学数据,总结了目前已有的拉萨地块过铝质花岗岩的继承锆石U-Pb年龄特征(共199个谐和测点)。这些过铝质花岗岩属强过铝质S型花岗岩,其中的继承锆石定义了1250~1100Ma(峰值1181±14Ma)和550~450Ma(峰值494±7Ma)2个最突出的年龄群,分别可比于拉萨地块古生代沉积岩的碎屑锆石年龄峰值(约1170Ma)和寒武纪火山岩的侵位时代,明显不同于西羌塘、安多和特提斯喜马拉雅新元古代-古生代沉积岩中的碎屑锆石年龄频谱。拉萨地块过铝质花岗岩中约1181Ma的继承锆石,可能与拉萨地块古生代沉积岩中的同期碎屑锆石一样,都来自澳大利亚南西部Albany-Fraser造山带和东南极Wilkes等地,而约494的继承锆石,既可能来自澳大利亚西部,也可能来自拉萨地块本地。本文提供了拉萨地块与澳大利亚大陆北缘具有古地理联系的过铝质花岗岩继承锆石U-Pb年龄证据。拉萨地块的研究实践表明,采用过铝质花岗岩继承锆石和古生代沉积岩碎屑锆石相结合的锆石U-Pb年代学方法,可为重建冈瓦纳大陆北缘其它微陆块的古地理和构造岩浆演化提供重要约束。 相似文献
6.
仲巴地体的板块亲缘性:来自碎屑锆石U-Pb年代学和Hf同位素的证据 总被引：5，自引：3，他引：2
仲巴地体位于青藏高原西南部,其南北两侧均为雅鲁藏布蛇绿岩或蛇绿混杂岩。仲巴地体主要由一套断续出露的前寒武系构造基底、古生代和三叠系地层组成,岩性主要包括石英砂岩、含白云母石英岩、泥质石英粉砂岩,白云母方解石片岩和大理岩等。岩相学揭示这套地层总体上为滨浅海-陆棚-外陆棚环境。碎屑锆石U-Pb年代学和Hf同位素分析表明,锆石年龄出现特征年龄峰值530Ma和950Ma,与西羌塘、特提斯喜马拉雅以及高喜马拉雅地体非常类似,并且950Ma左右的碎屑锆石群具有与上述地体上报道的同期碎屑锆石群相似的εHf(t)值和地壳模式年龄。这种碎屑锆石年龄和Hf同位素组成特征明显区别于拉萨地体,后者以出现约1170Ma的特殊年龄群为特征。基于碎屑锆石特征和沉积学研究,本文认为仲巴地体属于西羌塘-大印度-特提斯喜马拉雅构造体系,与拉萨地体具有不同的板块构造亲缘性。 相似文献
7.
对西藏那曲地区的中—晚侏罗世拉贡塘组流纹岩进行LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb测年,得出该流纹岩的时代为116.6Ma±0.81Ma,属早白垩世,与区域上多尼组和则弄群的时代一致,属同一地质事件的产物,说明该火山岩不属拉贡塘组,应不整合于拉贡塘组之上。流纹岩SiO2含量均值为71.01%,富集Rb、Th元素,亏损P、Eu、Ti元素,εHf（t）值集中在-0.030～2.277之间,平均值为0.75,对应的两阶段模式年龄为682～782Ma和1015～1175Ma,大于流纹岩的形成时代。流纹岩具同碰撞型火山岩的特征,不具传统岛弧环境的特征,构造环境可能存在两种可能：班公湖-怒江特提斯洋俯冲已经结束,进入陆-陆碰撞阶段,羌塘地块和拉萨地块开始碰撞;班公湖-怒江洋还未完全关闭,残留洋与拉萨地块发生碰撞。在碰撞的过程中,下地壳不断加厚并发生部分熔融形成酸性流纹岩。 相似文献
8.
西藏那曲地区流纹岩LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年龄
和地球化学特征 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3
对西藏那曲地区的中—晚侏罗世拉贡塘组流纹岩进行LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb测年,得出该流纹岩的时代为116.6Ma±0.81Ma,属早白垩世,与区域上多尼组和则弄群的时代一致,属同一地质事件的产物,说明该火山岩不属拉贡塘组,应不整合于拉贡塘组之上。流纹岩SiO2含量均值为71.01%,富集Rb、 Th元素,亏损P、Eu、Ti元素,εHf(t)值集中在-0.030～2.277之间,平均值为0.75,对应的两阶段模式年龄为682～782Ma和1015～1175Ma,大于流纹岩的形成时代。流纹岩具同碰撞型火山岩的特征,不具传统岛弧环境的特征,构造环境可能存在两种可能:班公湖-怒江特提斯洋俯冲已经结束,进入陆-陆碰撞阶段,羌塘地块和拉萨地块开始碰撞;班公湖-怒江洋还未完全关闭,残留洋与拉萨地块发生碰撞。在碰撞的过程中,下地壳不断加厚并发生部分熔融形成酸性流纹岩。 相似文献
9.
拉萨地体的起源和古生代构造演化 总被引：19，自引：0，他引：19
早期由于资料有限,对拉萨地体古生代时期的裂解、漂移、俯冲和碰撞历史的认知程度还很低。本文利用目前已有
地质和地球化学资料,分析了拉萨地体的中生代岩石圈结构,探讨了拉萨地体的起源和古生代演化历史。大量长英质岩石
的锆石Hf 同位素和全岩Nd 同位素表明,南部和北部拉萨地体以新生地壳为主,部分地区可能存在前寒武纪结晶基底,而
中部拉萨地体是具有古元古代甚至太古代结晶基底的条带状微陆块。大量古生代沉积岩的碎屑锆石U-Pb 年龄数据表明,拉
萨地体约1170 Ma 的碎屑锆石年龄指标,明显不同于以约950 Ma 为碎屑锆石年龄指标的安多、羌塘和特提斯喜马拉雅。拉
萨地体起源于澳大利亚大陆北缘是目前资料情况下的最合理解释。中部拉萨地体约492 Ma 的双峰式火山岩形成于活动大陆
边缘背景,代表了古地理上位于澳大利亚大陆北缘的岩浆弧的一部分,可能与原特提斯洋岩石圈板片的断离有关。拉萨地
体南缘和南羌塘的泥盆纪末期-石炭纪早期片麻状花岗岩类为存在明显幔源物质输入的S 型花岗岩,可能形成于最终演化
为松多特提斯洋的弧后盆地背景。中二叠世末期发生的拉萨地体与澳大利亚大陆北缘的碰撞造山事件可能触发了班公湖-
怒江特提斯洋岩石圈的南向俯冲,并随后对拉萨地体的中生代构造岩浆演化发挥关键性作用。 相似文献
地质和地球化学资料,分析了拉萨地体的中生代岩石圈结构,探讨了拉萨地体的起源和古生代演化历史。大量长英质岩石
的锆石Hf 同位素和全岩Nd 同位素表明,南部和北部拉萨地体以新生地壳为主,部分地区可能存在前寒武纪结晶基底,而
中部拉萨地体是具有古元古代甚至太古代结晶基底的条带状微陆块。大量古生代沉积岩的碎屑锆石U-Pb 年龄数据表明,拉
萨地体约1170 Ma 的碎屑锆石年龄指标,明显不同于以约950 Ma 为碎屑锆石年龄指标的安多、羌塘和特提斯喜马拉雅。拉
萨地体起源于澳大利亚大陆北缘是目前资料情况下的最合理解释。中部拉萨地体约492 Ma 的双峰式火山岩形成于活动大陆
边缘背景,代表了古地理上位于澳大利亚大陆北缘的岩浆弧的一部分,可能与原特提斯洋岩石圈板片的断离有关。拉萨地
体南缘和南羌塘的泥盆纪末期-石炭纪早期片麻状花岗岩类为存在明显幔源物质输入的S 型花岗岩,可能形成于最终演化
为松多特提斯洋的弧后盆地背景。中二叠世末期发生的拉萨地体与澳大利亚大陆北缘的碰撞造山事件可能触发了班公湖-
怒江特提斯洋岩石圈的南向俯冲,并随后对拉萨地体的中生代构造岩浆演化发挥关键性作用。 相似文献
10.
澜沧江杂岩带澜沧群浅变质岩系碎屑锆石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb年代学及其构造意义 总被引：6，自引：4，他引：2
澜沧群出露于滇西"三江"地区的南段,其主要岩石由遭受低级变质作用改造的泥质岩和基性火山岩组成。这些岩石普遍经历了古特提斯洋的闭合以及随后的洋陆俯冲过程,是研究古特提斯洋俯冲-碰撞过程的重要窗口。但是有关澜沧群的形成时代、物质来源以及形成的构造背景等一系列问题长期以来存在着多种争议。本文对澜沧群中3件石英岩和1件绢云母变质石英砂岩样品中分选出的碎屑锆石进行了阴极发光图像分析和LA-ICP-MS U-Pb年代学研究。澜沧群浅变质岩系碎屑锆石具有明显或弱的振荡环带和较高的Th/U比值,表明岩浆成因。年代学分析结果表明,4件浅变质岩石样品均得到了两组主要年龄峰值,分别为530Ma和930Ma、570Ma和915Ma、540Ma和960Ma、570Ma和910Ma。本次研究中碎屑锆石U-Pb年龄主要分布在570~530Ma和960~910Ma。其中,最年轻的碎屑锆石年龄峰值~530Ma,支持了前人认为澜沧群沉积时代为中奥陶纪(462~454Ma)的认识。本研究中澜沧群浅变质岩系碎屑锆石年龄分布特征表明源区可能主要为泛非期和罗迪尼亚超大陆聚合-裂解过程中形成的岩浆岩。碎屑锆石磨圆较好指示其经历了较长距离的搬运。澜沧群浅变质岩系碎屑锆石与羌塘、特提斯喜马拉雅和拉萨地体变沉积岩或地层中碎屑锆石具有相似的年龄分布特征,表明它们可能具有相似的源区。 相似文献
11.
Humboldt, Arago, and the temperature of groundwater 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Stanley N. Davis 《Hydrogeology Journal》1999,7(5):501-503
12.
13.
14.
Text, talk, things, and the subpolitics of performing place 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
This article tells the story of how a group of Dutch and Belgian citizens organized themselves to promote an area that they valued, to put it on the map, to raise awareness about its qualities, and to protect it from urban and industrial development. Our theoretical perspective focuses on the performative and political aspects of this place-making process and the discursive and material practices involved. We connect this to Beck’s concept of subpolitics.Our findings show how the group performed this place not only through text and talk - giving the area a name, using their knowledge and expertise to raise awareness about its values, lobbying and cooperating with decision-makers -, but also through things - installing art objects and information signs that articulate certain characteristics and values of the area. Our findings demonstrate the struggles involved in these performances. The group involved multiple perspectives on what the important values and characteristics of the area are and on what strategies would work best in trying to influence decision-making and protect the area. However, the use of expertise as the main strategy to gain influence excluded the more critical and activist strategies and privileging archaeological and historical values and characteristics came at the expense of attention on agricultural and natural values.Our findings make clear that performing place cannot be taken to be homogeneous and that it inevitably involves multiple perspectives and demands. The struggles, power relations and dynamics of inclusion and exclusion that this multiplicity implicates reveal a form of sub-politics that involves both politicization and depoliticization. Also, it is a form of subpolitics that is more diverse and ambiguous than Beck’s conceptualization presupposes by its emphasis on the role of outsiders as a homogeneous group. 相似文献
15.
Yuriy Sokolov 《GeoJournal》1992,26(4):497-502
The discovery of a new continent that was later called America by Christopher Columbus some five hundred years ago, has in
one way or another, influenced people the World over. The extraordinary significance of this event for mankind is displayed
by the dimension of the consequences and the variety of reactions among nations and communities of the “Old World”. 相似文献
16.
Most sulfide-rich magmatic Ni-Cu-(PGE) deposits form in dynamic magmatic systems by partial melting S-bearing wall rocks with variable degrees of assimilation of miscible silicate and volatile components, and generation of barren to weakly-mineralized immiscible Fe sulfide xenomelts into which Ni-Cu-Co-PGE partition from the magma. Some exceptionally-thick magmatic Cr deposits may form by partial melting oxide-bearing wall rocks with variable degrees of assimilation of the miscible silicate and volatile components, and generation of barren Fe ± Ti oxide xenocrysts into which Cr-Mg-V ± Ti partition from the magma. The products of these processes are variably preserved as skarns, residues, xenoliths, xenocrysts, xenomelts, and xenovolatiles, which play important to critical roles in ore genesis, transport, localization, and/or modification. Incorporation of barren xenoliths/autoliths may induce small amounts of sulfide/chromite to segregate, but incorporation of sulfide xenomelts or oxide xenocrysts with dynamic upgrading of metal tenors (PGE > Cu > Ni > Co and Cr > V > Ti, respectively) is required to make significant ore deposits. Silicate xenomelts are only rarely preserved, but will be variably depleted in chalcophile and ferrous metals. Less dense felsic xenoliths may aid upward sulfide transport by increasing the effective viscosity and decreasing the bulk density of the magma. Denser mafic or metamorphosed xenoliths may also increase the effective viscosity of the magma, but may aid downward sulfide transport by increasing the bulk density of the magma. Sulfide wets olivine, so olivine xenocrysts may act as filter beds to collect advected finely dispersed sulfide droplets, but other silicates and xenoliths may not be wetted by sulfides. Xenovolatiles may retard settling of – or in some cases float – dense sulfide droplets. Reactions of sulfide melts with felsic country rocks may generate Fe-rich skarns that may allow sulfide melts to fractionate to more extreme Cu-Ni-rich compositions. Xenoliths, xenocrysts, xenomelts, and xenovolatiles are more likely to be preserved in cooler basaltic magmas than in hotter komatiitic magmas, and are more likely to be preserved in less dynamic (less turbulent) systems/domain/phases than in more dynamic (more turbulent) systems/domains/phases. Massive to semi-massive Ni-Cu-PGE and Cr mineralization and xenoliths are often localized within footwall embayments, dilations/jogs in dikes, throats of magma conduits, and the horizontal segments of dike-chonolith and dike-sill complexes, which represent fluid dynamic traps for both ascending and descending sulfides/oxides. If skarns, residues, xenoliths, xenocrysts, xenomelts, and/or xenovolatiles are present, they provide important constraints on ore genesis and they are valuable exploration indicators, but they must be included in elemental and isotopic mass balance calculations. 相似文献
17.
山西五台山区滹沱群变质玄武岩岩石学、地球化学特征及其成因意义 总被引：10，自引：0，他引：10
在野外地质调查的基础上,选取滹沱群豆村亚群底部四集庄组玄武岩、顶部青石村组玄武岩和东冶亚群中下部河边村组玄武岩,进行岩石学和地球化学研究。分析结果表明：玄武岩主量元素高TiO2、TFeO,低MgO,具有演化的基性岩浆的特征。稀土元素含量相对较高,具有弱—中等程度的轻稀土元素富集,中等程度的轻重稀土元素分异,轻微的Eu异常;玄武岩中Cr、Ni含量变化较大,但与Mg#具有很好的正相关性。微量元素配分图解中具有明显的Sr负异常,部分样品具有Nb、Ta和Ti负异常,无Zr、Hf负异常,与岛弧火山岩不同;同时Nb、Ta无分异,Zr/Hf值较高,具有板内玄武岩浆的特征。综合分析认为,滹沱群玄武岩可能形成于板内裂谷环境。在岩浆上升过程中发生橄榄石与尖晶石的分离结晶作用,同时不同程度地受到地壳的混染。 相似文献
18.
Based on the historical records of natural disasters and human wars of the final 35 years in the late Ming Dynasty (1610–1644 AD) obtained using different spatial scales, a set of grading systems were established to classify, grade and present these records and their spatiotemporal characteristics. From natural and human perspectives to quantitative analyses of the direct causes of the collapse of the Ming Dynasty, the author draws conclusion regarding a total of six immediate factors, which were, according to the rate of contribution from high to low, internal rebellions, drought, inter-ethnic conflicts, locust, flood and external wars. Among these causes, human factors accounted for approximately 47%, while natural factors accounted for approximately 53%. Attribution analysis indicated that the basin areas in east China were sensitive to climate change during the Ming Dynasty. Severe drought and locusts in a cooling environment were the main natural causes, while frequent internal rebellions and inter-ethnic conflicts influenced by financial crisis were the major human factors. Although natural factors accounted for a greater percentage than human factors in the rate of contribution to the collapse of the Ming Dynasty, they were the only external factors impacting social development and changes. 相似文献
19.
Influences of the unsaturated,saturated, and riparian zones on the transport of nitrate near the Merced River,California, USA 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Joseph L. Domagalski Steven P. Phillips E. Randall Bayless Celia Zamora Carol Kendall Richard A. WildmanJr Janet G. Hering 《Hydrogeology Journal》2008,16(4):675-690
Transport and transformation of nitrate was evaluated along a 1-km groundwater transect from an almond orchard to the Merced River, California, USA, within an irrigated agricultural setting. As indicated by measurements of pore-water nitrate and modeling using the root zone water quality model, about 63% of the applied nitrogen was transported through a 6.5-m unsaturated zone. Transport times from recharge locations to the edge of a riparian zone ranged from approximately 6 months to greater than 100 years. This allowed for partial denitrification in horizons having mildly reducing conditions, and essentially no denitrification in horizons with oxidizing conditions. Transport times across a 50–100-m-wide riparian zone of less than a year to over 6 years and more strongly reducing conditions resulted in greater rates of denitrification. Isotopic measurements and concentrations of excess N2 in water were indicative of denitrification with the highest rates below the Merced River. Discharge of water and nitrate into the river was dependent on gradients driven by irrigation or river stage. The results suggest that the assimilative capacity for nitrate of the groundwater system, and particularly the riverbed, is limiting the nitrate load to the Merced River in the study area. 相似文献
20.
The dielectric constants and dielectric loss values of 4 Ca-containing minerals were determined at 1 MHz using a two-terminal method and empirically determined edge corrections. The results are: vesuvianitel κ′ a=9.93 tan δ=0.006 κ′ c=9.79 tan δ=0.005 vesuvianitel κ′ a=10.02 tan δ=0.002 κ′ c=9.85 tan δ=0.003 zoisite1 κ′ a =10.49 tan δ=0.0006 κ′ b =15.31 tan δ=0.0008 κ′ c=9.51 tan δ=0.0008 zoisite2 κ′ a =10.55 tan δ=0.0011 κ′ b =15.45 tan δ=0.0013 κ′ c=9.39 tan δ=0.0008 epidote κ′ 11= 9.52 tan δ=0.0008 κ′ 22=17.1 tan δ=0.0009 κ′ 33= 9.37 tan δ=0.0006 fluorapatite1 κ′ a =10.48 tan δ=0.0008 κ′ c = 8.72 tan δ=0.0114 fluorapatite2 κ′ a =10.40 tan δ=0.0010 κ′ c=8.26 tan δ=0.0178 The deviation (δ) between measured dielectric polarizabilities as determined from the Clausius-Mosotti equation and those calculated from the sum of oxide polarizabilities according to α D (mineral)=∑ α D (oxides) for vesuvianite is ～ 0.5%. The large deviations of epidote and zoisite from the additivity rule with Δ=+ 10.1 and + 11.7%, respectively, are attributed to “rattling” Ca ions. The combined effects of both a large F thermal parameter and possible F-ion conductivity in fluorapatite are believed to be responsible for Δ=+2–3%. Although variation of oxygen polarizability with oxygen molar volume (Vo) is believed to affect the total polarizabilities, the variation of Vo in these Ca minerals is too small to observe the effect. 相似文献