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陕西省黄河流域防洪问题及防治措施 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
水是实现可持续发展的关键，洪涝灾害问题又是流域水资源发展首要解决的问题，可见防洪、治洪的重要。本文通过分析流域防洪现状和存在问题，提出了陕西省黄河流域防洪应采取的措施。 相似文献
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澜沧江-湄公河流域汛期洪灾频发,气候变化极有可能进一步加剧该区域洪水的量级和发生频率,需要上下游合作共同应对。建立了澜沧江-湄公河全流域分布式水文及水库调度模型,模拟1991-2005年全流域13条支流和5个干流防洪控制断面的逐日天然流量过程,在此基础上模拟全流域已建、在建和规划水库的联合调度过程,分析防洪作用。结果表明:①全流域水库联合调度对湄公河5个主要断面均有显著的防洪作用,在完全按照防洪目标对水库进行调度的情况下可将200年一遇洪水减至20~50年一遇。②湄公河左岸支流的防洪能力远高于右岸,具有较高防洪能力的支流有澜沧江、南乌河、南俄河、南屯河、濛河、色公河和桑河。③对不同断面起主要防洪作用的支流不同:在琅勃拉邦上游,澜沧江、南乌河起主要作用;在那空帕农断面,南俄河与南屯河加总的防洪作用与澜沧江基本相等;在巴色下游,濛河和色公河的作用均超过澜沧江。澜湄合作机制为上下游防洪合作提供了重要契机,研究成果可为流域国协商建立联合防洪调度机制提供参考。 相似文献
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在分析大汶河流域防洪特点的基础上,提出了人与水和谐共处、提高防洪标准、建设防洪非工程体系、搞好防守抢护等防洪对策。 相似文献
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采用随机模拟技术与常规水文方法相结合的洪水过程模拟法 总被引：7，自引：1，他引：6
随着江河上兴建的水利工程日渐增多,流域的防洪规划和防洪调度工作,正在从以个别工程为主要研究对象转向以全流域复杂库群为研究对象。常规水文方法很难反映这种复杂流域的水文特性,在工程实践中其局限性越来越突出。随着计算机运算能力的提高,径流的随机模拟技术逐步得到研究和应用。本文分析了常规水文方法与纯数学随机模拟技术的不足,并提出了一种新的、简单易行的模拟全流域洪水的模拟方法,该方法已应用于太子河流域的库群联合防洪调度中,并取得了较好的成果。 相似文献
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大汶河属于黄河下游一级支流,是泰安市唯一的大型防洪除涝河道,流域已建成的六座拦河蓄水橡胶坝工程解决了河道防洪与蓄水矛盾,有利于生态环境的保护,同时也给大汶河的防汛调度提出了更高的目标要求。本文结合大汶河流域防洪目标和联合调度运行原则,具体对六座橡胶坝联合调度方法进行探讨,明确了橡胶坝联合调度运行的规则和具体措施。通过实施防洪联合调度,对减少洪灾损失,提高防洪效益和最大限度实现洪水资源化,具有十分重要的经济和社会意义。 相似文献
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柴河水库工程管理向自动化、智能化发展,实现柴河流域防洪安全实时监控创造了显著的防洪效益。系统的多年平均防洪效益计算分两部分,即实际年平均效益和期望年平均效益,从实际和预期2个角度,采用实际发生年法和长系列调节法,计算了柴河水库防洪安全实时监控系统多年平均防洪效益。经过分析计算,系统的多年平均防洪效益的实际发生值为2982万元,系统的多年平均防洪效益的期望发生值为820万元。从“实际发生”和“预期”两个方面分别计算柴河水库防洪安全实时监控系统的效益,可以更全面地衡量系统的性价比。 相似文献
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随着我国经济社会的快速发展、综合国力的不断增强,对生态环境保护的重视,河流防洪治理的措施、方法、理念也有了较大的进步和提高。将河流综合治理与水生态环境综合治理结合,已被国家列为重要的生态型社会建设政策提出和实施。河流防洪治理经历了"修堤、堵口、疏浚、裁弯取直"、"蓄滞兼顾、除害兴利结合",以及以"防为主、拦疏结合,由防御洪水向管理及利用洪水转变,提倡人水和谐相处",逐步发展为建设水生态文明社会,水生态环境保护成为国策。河流防洪治理面临的形势是,由传统的单一防洪工程治理,转变为水生态水环境综合治理,既注重防洪又注重水生态环境景观,流域水环境综合治理,防洪管理由粗放型转变为精细,防洪工程由重建设轻管理逐步转变为重管理轻建设或管建并重。 相似文献
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Sumiko Kubo 《GeoJournal》1993,31(4):313-318
The northwest region of Bangladesh is divided into four geomorphological units which show different flood features. The region has suffered severe flood damage both in 1987 and 1988. After these floods Bangladesh Action Plan for Flood Control was established by the World Bank. In the northwest region the plan proposed two major projects, namely, an interceptor drain and a diversion channel. A Polder Project is also going on in this region. However these major projects are mainly on structural methods and require much cost for long embankments. The author suggests smaller but reasonable projects combining structural and non-structural methods in the region. 相似文献
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Main concepts of the "European approach" to karst-groundwater-vulnerability assessment and mapping 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3
D. Daly A. Dassargues D. Drew S. Dunne N. Goldscheider S. Neale I. Popescu F. Zwahlen 《Hydrogeology Journal》2002,10(2):340-345
In order to achieve some consistency in the establishment of groundwater intrinsic vulnerability maps in Europe, a new approach
is proposed by Working Group 1 of the European COST Action 620 on "Vulnerability mapping for the protection of carbonate (karst)
aquifers". A general procedure is offered which provides consistency while allowing the required flexibility for application
to a continent and under conditions of varying geology, scale, information availability, time, and resources.
The proposed methodology is designed to be clearly more physically based than the existing vulnerability-mapping techniques.
It takes the specificity of the karstic environments into account without necessarily excluding the applicability to other
geological conditions. Combined "core factors" for overlying layers and for concentration of flow account for the relative
protection of groundwater from contamination while taking into account any bypass of the overlying layers.
A precipitation factor is distinguished for describing characteristics of the input of water to the system. Differentiation
is made between groundwater resource intrinsic vulnerability mapping and source intrinsic vulnerability mapping. For the latter,
a factor describing the karst network development is relevant. This short technical note describes a first step in the work
program of Working Group 1 of the COST Action 620. Future steps are now in progress to quantify the approach and to apply
it in various European pilot areas.
Electronic Publication 相似文献
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针对国家《水污染防治行动计划》提出的对重点流域实施分流域、分区域、分阶段科学治理的要求,便于“十三五”期间基于控制单元的流域水环境管理体系实施。提出一种能有效衔接流域水自然特征和水资源三级分区、以乡镇级行政区划与流域管理相结合、综合考虑污染源分布、社会经济、土地利用等诸因素的控制单元划分方法。基于该方法将全国重点流域划分为1 784个控制单元,并促成环境保护部于2016年6月发布了“十三五”期间全国343个水质需改善控制单元信息清单。为“十三五”期间流域水环境管理进一步明确地方政府责任,实现基于控制单元的水环境精细化、差异化管理提供数据和技术支撑。 相似文献
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一种基于DEM的洪水有源淹没算法的设计与实现 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
洪水淹没范围的确定是洪灾损失评估和防洪决策的核心环节,现已成为GIS在水利应用领域的研究前沿,洪水淹没模拟分为有源淹没和无源淹没两种情形,针对有源淹没的递归算法占用计算机资源较多,容易造成系统堆栈溢出,导致程序崩溃等缺陷,丈中提出了一种计算洪水有源淹没范围算法：堆栈节点遍历算法：其以．NET为编程基础平台,在GIS技术的基础上应用数字高程模型（DEM）的格网模型进行洪水淹没分析一通过与原有的递归算法对比,该算法在一定程度上提高了计算效率和稳定性,最后成功应用在“南昌洪水淹没分析系统”中,对促进防洪减灾的信息化建设有一定意义。 相似文献
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将投资方、建设者及工程利益方的建设期望与硬性要求具体化,以此形成项目目标,然后根据项目的结构特点对项目目标层层分解,建立工作分解结构（Work Breakdown Structure）,二者形成目标矩阵和目标系统,作为工程项目的管理对象,可以让工程项目管理目标明确;对目标系统中的重要目标加强监控,设置对应监管岗位,然后利用PDCA循环实施目标管理,可以尽可能减少目标执行中的偏离。各大目标间管理的动态平衡是目标管理的基本特点。 相似文献
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Designing a long-term flood risk management plan for the Scheldt estuary using a risk-based approach 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
Steven Broekx Steven Smets Inge Liekens Dirk Bulckaen Leo De Nocker 《Natural Hazards》2011,57(2):245-266
The Scheldt is a tidal river that originates in France and flows through Belgium and the Netherlands. The tides create significant flood risks in both the Flemish region in Belgium and the Netherlands. Due to sea level rise and economic development, flood risks will increase during this century. This is the main reason for the Flemish government to update its flood risk management plan. For this purpose, the Flemish government requested a cost-benefit analysis of flood protection measures, considering long-term developments. Measures evaluated include a storm surge barrier, dyke heightening and additional floodplains with or without the development of wetlands. Some of these measures affect the flood risk in both countries. As policies concerning the limitation of flood risk differ significantly between the Netherlands and Flanders, distinctive methodologies were used to estimate the impacts of measures on flood risk. A risk-based approach was applied for Flanders by calculating the impacts of flood damage at different levels of recurrence, for the base year (2000) and in case of a sea level rise of 60 cm by 2100. Policy within the Netherlands stipulates a required minimal protection level along the Scheldt against storms with a recurrence period of 1 in 4,000 years. It was estimated how flood protection measures would delay further dyke heightening, which is foreseen as protection levels are presently decreasing due to rising sea levels. Impacts of measures (safety benefits) consist of delays in further dyke heightening. The results illustrate the importance of sea level rise. Flood risks increased fivefolds when a sea level rise of 60 cm was applied. Although more drastic measures such as a storm surge barrier near Antwerp offer more protection for very extreme storms, a combination of dykes and floodplains can offer higher benefits at lower costs. 相似文献
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In European river basins many flood management and protection measures are planned. However, the realisation of effective but space consuming measures such as retention areas and dike relocation mostly lags far behind time schedules. The development and set-up of an interregional and transnational basin-wide co-operation structure (“flood management alliance”) is substantial to realise catchment oriented flood management. In particular, this co-operation structure must involve spatial planning. The interregional and transnational co-operation structure establishes the framework for the joint accomplishment of instruments for flood risk management which is basin-wide agreed on. One of these instruments comprises financial compensations between downstream and upstream regions which shall improve the acceptance and the realisation of measures which bear disadvantages for the regions where measures are located. Existing and planned basin-wide co-operations in large transnational European river catchments demonstrate reasonable developments towards these goals. However, further efforts have to be made to exploit the chances interregional co-operation offers for improved flood risk management. 相似文献
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当前洪水风险分析按照典型设计标准洪水进行计算的模式难以满足实际防洪管理需要,为了提高洪水风险分析的实时性以及适应洪水演进的动态性,设计了动态实时洪水风险分析框架。在本框架中,先采用一维和二维动态耦合水动力学数值方法耦合溃堤模型,然后在樵桑联围防洪保护区建立洪水演进模拟模型,通过灵活处理模型计算边界条件以及动态设置溃堤功能,计算不同设计标准洪水发生时,堤防出现单一溃口或者组合溃口后保护区内洪水演进过程。按照上述框架开发了樵桑联围动态实时洪水风险图编制与管理应用系统,并利用历史洪水资料开展模型验证,验证结果表明,2008-06洪水马口站、三水站、大熬站、甘竹（一）站的实测最高水位和模型计算最高水位的绝对误差分别为-0.10、0.10、0.09、0.04 m,均满足洪水模拟精度要求。利用模型计算了西江发生200年一遇的洪水情况下,江根堤防出现溃口后的洪水流量及溃口内外洪水水位变化过程,模拟溃口宽度168 m,最大溃口洪水流量达到5 190 m3,分析了堤防溃决后3、6和24 h洪水漫延导致村落淹没情况,结果表明其满足合理性分析。 相似文献
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2003年汛期渭河下游出现了自1981年以来的较大洪水,成阳、临潼、华县洪峰流量分别为5340、5100、3570 m3/s,其洪峰水位达历史最高,洪水过程首尾相接,六次洪水过程造成干支流堤防决口11处,洪灾损失极其严重.着重分析了"03"洪水对渭河下游河道冲淤及河势变化带来的影响. 相似文献