共查询到19条相似文献，搜索用时 187 毫秒
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澜沧江-湄公河流域汛期洪灾频发,气候变化极有可能进一步加剧该区域洪水的量级和发生频率,需要上下游合作共同应对。建立了澜沧江-湄公河全流域分布式水文及水库调度模型,模拟1991-2005年全流域13条支流和5个干流防洪控制断面的逐日天然流量过程,在此基础上模拟全流域已建、在建和规划水库的联合调度过程,分析防洪作用。结果表明:①全流域水库联合调度对湄公河5个主要断面均有显著的防洪作用,在完全按照防洪目标对水库进行调度的情况下可将200年一遇洪水减至20~50年一遇。②湄公河左岸支流的防洪能力远高于右岸,具有较高防洪能力的支流有澜沧江、南乌河、南俄河、南屯河、濛河、色公河和桑河。③对不同断面起主要防洪作用的支流不同:在琅勃拉邦上游,澜沧江、南乌河起主要作用;在那空帕农断面,南俄河与南屯河加总的防洪作用与澜沧江基本相等;在巴色下游,濛河和色公河的作用均超过澜沧江。澜湄合作机制为上下游防洪合作提供了重要契机,研究成果可为流域国协商建立联合防洪调度机制提供参考。 相似文献
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构建了制定梯级水库群联合优化调度函数的"优化-拟合-再优化-随机仿真"框架:首先建立梯级水库群优化调度模型,通过确定性动态规划方法得到最优样本;然后对最优样本进行多元线性回归分析得到联合调度函数;并基于模拟调度结果采用非线性规划方法直接修正调度函数;最后通过水文随机模拟技术生成径流系列,进一步检验、评价所得调度函数的效率。以清江梯级水库群长期优化调度为对象进行实例研究,计算结果表明:对于1951-2005年实测径流系列,梯级水库群联合优化调度函数较常规调度方案年均增加发电量2.03亿kW·h,增幅达2.79%;对于两种随机模拟方法生成的水文径流系列,年均发电量分别提高了1.74%和2.36%,经济效益显著。 相似文献
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常规有测站流域水文预测方法受地理位置影响较大,以新疆昌吉州水文预测工作为研究对象,针对昌吉州偏远艰苦地区多采用无测站流域水文预测方法(PUB)的实际,结合昌吉州流域水文基本情况分析,为提高PUB预测方法的准确性,提出基于复杂网络的PUB预测方法,建立复杂网络模型,确定皮尔森系数,实现对昌吉水文PUB的准确预测。 相似文献
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基于库容分区运用的水库群生态调度模型 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
在不影响防洪、供水等现有利益格局的前提下,通过改善水库调度方式、发挥库群联合调控作用,提高生态供水保证率,是当前中国北方缺水地区流域水资源管理中的重大科学问题。把河流生态系统作为一个独立用水户,制订多用户分区运用水库群调度模拟规则,同时考虑调度方案对生态与发电的影响,建立水资源系统仿真模型,结合保证各用户供水保证率最大且尽可能均衡的目标函数,构建基于库容分区运用的水库群生态调度模型。将模型应用于海河流域滦河水系,提出了现状供水条件下潘家口、大黑汀和桃林口三大水库联合调度方案,绘制了水库群分区运用调度图,评价了调度方案对水力发电和下游生态系统的影响。结果表明,所提出的模型有效,水库群生态调度方案较之现行调度,可在不降低兴利和防洪效益的前提下,将河流生态系统供水保证率由46.9%提高到93.8%,生态水文改变度指标改善明显。 相似文献
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土地利用变化对水文系统的影响研究 总被引：22，自引：0，他引：22
以秦淮河流域为研究区域，利用现代遥感、地理信息系统等多种数字技术，获取流域空间分布的下垫面信息和中间状态信息，细致地刻画了流域内的水文过程，建立了研究区域数字水文模型。利用所建立的数字水文模型，对定义的土地利用变化情景进行了模拟。模拟结果表明，模型可以定性和定量地反映各种土地利用变化对水资源系统尤其是对水量平衡和防洪情势的影响程度。 相似文献
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为提高柘溪流域洪水预报精度,充分合理利用洪水资源,缓解该流域下游的防洪压力,同时为水库防洪调度以及经济运行提供科学合理的决策依据,研究了集总式概念性水文模型新安江模型及水箱模型在该湿润流域的适用性。选取该流域2004~2015年实测数据,应用三目标MOSCDE算法分别优选三水源新安江模型以及水箱模型参数,从而对该流域划分的多个子流域单元进行了场次洪水模拟计算,并对比分析不同流域单元两种模型的模拟结果,探究不同模型结构在柘溪流域场次洪水模拟中的差异,分析总结这两种模型在该流域的适用性。结果表明:两种模型模拟效果比较接近,均可以达到《水文情报预报规范》规定的作业预报精度要求,且对于流域内的大洪水的模拟效果也比较理想。从洪量以及洪水过程方面分析,两个模型的模拟效果比较接近;从洪峰拟合角度分析,新安江模型比水箱模型更适合该流域。 相似文献
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将经济学条件风险价值(CVaR)理论引入防洪评价领域,提出基于CVaR的水库群防洪库容协同作用研究方法,辨识各水库防洪库容值对库群系统防洪损失的影响程度及各水库间协同防洪的互馈方式。以汉江流域五库群系统为案例研究,结果表明:①库群系统防洪损失CVaR对各水库防洪库容变动的敏感度排序依次为三里坪、鸭河口、丹江口、安康、潘口水库; ②当总防洪库容不变时,变动各水库防洪库容组合方案所对应的防洪损失CVaR不一定相同,且各水库防洪库容组合存在可行区间; ③若选取相同CVaR为约束条件,相比于两库系统(安康-丹江口水库),五库系统由于考虑了更多水库(潘口、三里坪、鸭河口水库)的防洪协调作用,丹江口水库自身防洪库容可调节的灵活空间更大。 相似文献
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江河洪水预报流域水量分析法具有概念明确、分析计算严谨、预报精度较高且仅应用江河水文站实测流量资料等特点,对于水文站数多、流量资料系列长的大江大河尤为适用。初次应用于淮河干流上游,取得了一定的经验。这一方法的应用,将会对我国大江大河防 及水资源利用起到良好的作用。 相似文献
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利用Copula函数建立各分区洪水的联合分布,基于联合概率密度最大原则,推导得到最可能地区组成法的计算通式,并用来推求梯级水库下游断面的设计洪水。选择清江流域水布垭-隔河岩-高坝洲梯级水库为例,开展了验证和方法比较研究。结果表明:最可能地区组成法计算得到的设计洪水值位于同频率地区组成法多方案计算结果的区间之内;受清江梯级水库调洪的影响,宜都断面设计洪水的削峰率十分显著,最可能地区组成法推求100年一遇设计洪水的削峰率达到30.2%。该法具有较强的统计基础,组成方案唯一,结果合理可行,为复杂梯级水库设计洪水的计算提供了一种新途径。 相似文献
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The 1998 Flood on the Yangtze, China 总被引：10，自引：1，他引：9
This paper examines the main causes ofthe 1998 flood on the Yangtze and addresses a numberof issues related to the exploitation of naturalresources and counter-measures to the flood hazard.The records show that both the amount of precipitationover the catchment and the floodwater discharge fromthe upper basin did not exceed the historical maximum,but water levels in the middle basin were recordedmuch higher than the historical maximum. Humanactivities have greatly increased the risk of theflood hazard. Extensive reclamation of the lakes andfluvial islands in the middle basin has considerablyreduced the floodwater storage and drainage capacityof these natural landscapes of the Yangtze Basin.Deforestation in the catchment area has induced soilerosion, resulting in a large amount of sedimentdeposited in reservoirs whose storage capacity is thusreduced. Strengthening the flood defence to protectpeople living on the floodplain has raised the waterlevel during the flood. An integrated approach isneeded to produce a balanced management plan that canmeet the financial needs of local people in thecatchment area as well as reduce flood risk to theindustries and urban residents in the middle basin ofthe Yangtze. 相似文献
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Ruirui Sun Xiaoling Wang Zhengyin Zhou Xuefei Ao Xiaopei Sun Mingrui Song 《Natural Hazards》2014,73(3):1547-1568
Dam-break floods have been of increasing concern to safety engineers and decision makers. The presence of complex terrain in inundation areas multiplies the simulation difficulty of flood routing. In previous studies, representing the flood routing parameters empirically does not reflect the characteristics of flood routing, which strongly influences the accurate assessment of the dam-break consequences. The basis for carrying out dangerous reservoir reinforcement is just engineering safety, without considering the actual situation of downstream areas. In this study, a comprehensive risk analysis of the dam-break flood was implemented based on the numerical simulation of flood routing. First, coupled with the volume of fluid method, a three-dimensional k–? turbulence mathematical model was developed for flood routing in complex inundation areas. Then, based on the flow parameters obtained through computational fluid dynamics modeling, the attribute measure methodology was used for the evaluation of consequences combined with the calculation of the dam-break consequences (loss of life, economic loss, social and environmental influence). Furthermore, a methodology containing the combined weight method and the technique for order performance by similarity to ideal solution method was proposed for risk ranking of dangerous reservoirs due to its logical consideration of scalar values that simultaneously account for both the best and worst alternatives. Finally, a sensitivity analysis was performed to provide information about the stability of risk ranking. The aforementioned model and methodology are applied to a case involving five reservoirs in the Haihe River Basin in China for Part II of this study. 相似文献
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近年来,无资料或资料缺乏地区汇流计算成为水文研究热点。基于地形参数的地貌瞬时单位线(GIUH)方法凭借其对历史降雨径流实测资料的不依赖性,已然成为径流模拟研究中被普遍采用且效果较好的方法之一。为探讨江苏省无资料山丘区的径流模拟方法,选取具有典型地形地貌特征的镇江通胜洛阳河小流域展开研究。根据地貌特征值等数据提取出该流域的地貌单位线,采用地貌单位线计算径流过程,利用2016、2017年汛期实测的4场洪水进行方法验证,将计算径流与实测数据进行对比分析,结果表明:基于地貌特征的地貌单位线法在该流域洪水模拟中具有较高精度,又因该流域于江苏省乃代表性区域,初步判定可将该方法推广至其他无资料山丘区流域。 相似文献
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Hydrodynamic flow modeling is carried out using a coupled 1D and 2D hydrodynamic flow model in northern India where an industrial plant is proposed. Two flooding scenarios, one considering the flooding source at regional/catchment level and another considering all flooding sources at local level have been simulated. For simulating flooding scenario due to flooding of the upstream catchment, the probable maximum flood (PMF) in the main river is routed and its flooding impact at the plant site is studied, while at the local level flooding, in addition to PMF in the main river, the probable maximum precipitation at the plant site and breaches in the canals near the plant site have been considered. The flood extent, depth, level, duration and maximum flow velocity have been computed. Three parameters namely the flood depth, cross product of flood depth and velocity and flood duration have been used for assessing the flood hazard, and a flood hazard classification scheme has been proposed. Flood hazard assessment for flooding due to upstream catchment and study on local scale facilitates determination of plinth level for the plant site and helps in identifying the flood protection measures. 相似文献
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Regional flood frequency analysis (RFFA) is often used in hydrology to estimate flood quantiles when there is a limitation
of at-site recorded flood data. One of the commonly used RFFA methods is the index flood method, which is based on the assumptions
that a region satisfies criterion of simple scaling and it can be treated homogeneous. Another RFFA method is quantile regression
technique where prediction equations are developed for flood quantiles of interest as function of catchment characteristics.
In this paper, the scaling property of regional floods in New South Wales (NSW) State in Australia is investigated. The results
indicate that the annual maximum floods in NSW satisfy a simple scaling assumption. The application of a heterogeneity test,
however, reveals that NSW flood data set does not satisfy the criteria for a homogeneous region. Finally, a set of prediction
equations are developed for NSW using quantile regression technique; an independent test shows that these equations can provide
reasonably accurate design flood estimates with a median relative error of about 27%. 相似文献
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建立以水库群系统安全度最大、行蓄洪区系统损失最小为目标函数,将河道堤防安全行洪考虑为约束条件的复杂防洪系统多目标递阶优化调度模型(MoHOOM),以行蓄洪区总分洪流量为协调变量,将河道水流连续方程解耦,基于大系统分解协调法建立协调层和基于粒子群算法求解底层子系统优化问题,形成三级递阶分解协调结构和相应求解方法。以淮河中游防洪系统为背景进行了实例研究,给出了水库群泄流和行蓄洪区分洪最优方案,在相同初始计算条件下,优化模型结果比实际调度降低了鲇鱼山和梅山水库0.37和0.01的安全度指标,减小下游蒋家集和润河集河段超过安全泄量以上100 m3/s和720 m3/s的洪峰流量,启用南润段行洪区致损1 256.1万元;比规则调度降低了鲇鱼山和梅山水库0.24和0.21的安全度指标,减小下游蒋家集河段超过安全泄量以上750 m3/s的洪峰流量,避免南润段行洪区损失341.6万元。模型有利于挖掘上游水库群的防洪能力,在保障河道堤防安全行洪条件下,减少下游不必要的行蓄洪区分洪损失,以系统全局寻优方式进行复杂防洪系统联合调度。 相似文献