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北京大学医学部位于京西隆起地区,处于八宝山断裂和黄庄-高丽营断裂之间,断裂构造较为复杂,加之周边地热井距离较远,在该区进行地热资源勘查有一定的风险。北京大学医学部地热勘查的成功,对于评价本区的热储盖层、热储层、地热增温率和热储构造等地热地质条件起到了积极作用。查明了该区涌水量一般大于1000m~3/d、出水温度大于50℃、水化学类型为重碳酸钙镁型、热矿水类型为氟型淡温泉水;该区热储盖层地热增温率不是十分理想,但厚度较大也能起到保温作用,出水温度较为理想,但成井深度偏大。同时在研究区发现了一条F1断裂,分析认为是黄庄-高丽营断裂的次级断裂,其与主断裂基本同时形成,逐级下掉,共同组成了构造分区断裂。 相似文献
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北京市海淀区东北旺田园庄饭店两眼地热井,据钻孔揭露有两套热储层位,即寒武系昌平组和蓟县系(铁岭组和雾迷山组),该区位于九龙山向斜核部并且紧邻八宝山断裂、黄庄-高丽营断裂和南口-沙子营断裂,因此赋存有丰富的地下水资源.根据地热井的抽水试验资料,对地热可开采资源量进行了评价,推算了7.6万m2的建筑面积取暖的地热尾水回灌量为1680m3,并依据该热矿水的水化学特征,命名为氟型淡温泉水. 相似文献
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鲁东地热区在地质构造单元上位于沂沭断裂带昌邑—大店断裂以东,地热资源丰富。本文采集了鲁东地热区招远地热田内一眼2000m深地热井（DRZK01）中的40块岩芯样品进行岩石热导率、岩石生热率测试及分析,结合测温资料及收集资料对该区地热通量构成及分层热流进行了分析研究;采集区内典型地热流体样品进行水化学分析并采用合适的地热温标估算了该区热储温度;综合研究成果建立了该区地热成因概念模型。研究结果显示,该区岩石热导率数值较高,测量值在2.8~5.7W/（m·K）之间,普遍高于上地壳平均热导率,地温梯度较高,为31.8℃/km;利用热导率和地温梯度计算的地热通量102mW/m2中热传导分量为（73.2±6.18）mW/m2,对流分量为（28.76±6.18）mW/m2,其中热传导分量中地壳热流为22.5mW/m2,地幔热流为（50.74±6.18）mW/m2,二者比值为1:1.98～1:2.52,为“热幔冷壳”型热结构。石英温标计算热储平均温度为128.6℃,热循环深度约3634m。研究结果丰富了该区地热系统理论并为该区地热资源开发利用提供一定的理论支撑。 相似文献
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息烽新萝地热井成因浅析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
贵州息烽县城南新萝地热探采结合井位于洋水背斜西翼南倾伏端,洋水背斜为勘查区主要热储构造,近东西向的区域性白马洞大断层为该区的热源通道。储热单元为寒武系金顶山组(1j)、震旦系灯影组、洋水组(Zbdn+y);盖层为寒武系金顶山(1j)、明心寺组(1m)、牛蹄塘组(1n)的页岩、砂岩、粘土岩;热储层为震旦系灯影组、洋水组(Zbdn+y)粉-细晶白云岩、块状内碎屑白云岩、藻屑白云岩。地热井开采深度2500余米,最大开采量约1500 m3/d,热矿水井口温度46℃,为低温温热水地热资源。热矿水水化学类型为弱碱性水锶矿泉水,勘查类型热储类型为带状与层状组合热储(Ⅱ-3型)。 相似文献
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济南市章丘北部地区发育有厚度巨大的晚古生代至新生代沉积地层,断裂构造和岩浆岩也较为发育,区内地热资源丰富,目前有地热井3口,均位于断裂带附近。文章利用水化学和同位素数据,分析区内地热流体的水化学特征、水-岩作用过程、补给来源、形成年龄,估算补给区高程、热储温度、热水循环深度。结果表明：研究区地热流体水化学类型为Cl·SO4-Na·Ca型或SO4·Cl-Ca·Na型;水化学组分主要来源于水-岩溶解作用,且具有相似的水文地球化学过程;大气降水补给,补给区高程为+563～+616 m,14C表观年龄在5.55～29.71 ka之间,均是现代水与古水的混合水;利用玉髓温标计算的热储温度为41.9～52.4℃,相应循环深度为622～1 565 m;研究区为深循环-弱开放型岩溶热储,其地热水经深循环加热而形成,形成和富集受断裂构造控制明显,其为层状兼带状热储,属中低温地热资源。 相似文献
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研究工作对完善区内高温地热系统成因机理和后期勘探及钻探工作提供一定的参考意义.为进一步研究贵德盆地地热资源赋存状态及热源来源,在充分了解贵德盆地地热地质条件的基础上,采集区内地热流体样品,进行水化学全分析和氢氧同位素分析,得到该区地热流体化学特征和氢氧同位素特征,估算了区内高温热田-扎仓寺热田的热储温度.分析结果表明:该区高温地下热水的水化学类型主要为SO4·Cl-Na型,低温水水化学类型较为复杂,主要为SO4-Na、SO4·HCO3-Na型;扎仓寺热田地下热水中Li+、F-、Sr2+、As3+与Cl-存在很好的正相关性,显示了相同的物质来源,SiO22-与Cl-极高的正相关性进一步验证了扎仓寺地热为深部热源;氢氧同位素数据都集中在当地大气降水线附近,说明地下热水主要为大气降水补给.选用合理的水文地球化学温标计算了扎仓寺热田的热储温度,并利用硅-焓模型分析了该热田地热流体中冷水混入比例及冷水混入前的热储温度,分析认为扎仓寺热田4 000 m以内存在两个热储层,第一热储层热储温度约为133 °C,热循环深度为1 800 m;第二热储层热储温度约为222 °C,热循环深度约为3 200 m. 相似文献
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鲁东地热区在地质构造单元上位于沂沭断裂带昌邑—大店断裂以东,地热资源丰富。本文采集了鲁东地热区招远地热田内一眼2000 m深地热井(DRZK01)中的40块岩芯样品进行岩石热导率、岩石生热率测试及分析,结合测温资料及收集资料对该区地热通量构成及分层热流进行了分析研究;采集区内典型地热流体样品进行水化学分析并采用合适的地热温标估算了该区热储温度;综合研究成果建立了该区地热成因概念模型。研究结果显示,该区岩石热导率数值较高,测量值在2.8～5.7 W/(m·K)之间,普遍高于上地壳平均热导率,地温梯度较高,为31.8℃/km;利用热导率和地温梯度计算的地热通量102 mW/m~2中热传导分量为(73.2±6.18) mW/m~2,对流分量为(28.76±6.18)mW/m~2,其中热传导分量中地壳热流为22.5 mW/m~2,地幔热流为(50.74±6.18) mW/m~2,二者比值为1∶1.98～1∶2.52,为"热幔冷壳"型热结构。石英温标计算热储平均温度为128.6℃,热循环深度约3634 m。研究结果丰富了该区地热系统理论并为该区地热资源开发利用提供一定的理论支撑。 相似文献
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地热回灌是实现地热资源可持续开发的有力措施,在世界各国已获得广泛应用,在地热资源的保护、减少资源浪费、延长地热井寿命以及减少环境污染等方面具有重要意义.天津是我国开展地热回灌比较成熟的地区之一,截至2019年底,天津市基岩裂隙型热储回灌率已达79.61％.大规模集中采灌条件下热储层渗流场的变化以及是否会影响热储温度已成为热储系统研究的前沿课题.本文以天津市东丽湖地区为例,选取1,5-萘磺酸钠作为示踪剂,在2018～2019年供暖期集中采灌期间开展了群井示踪试验,结果显示,供暖期内地热井开采量(或回灌量)、水温没有明显变化,水位除受正常采灌影响外没有明显变化,热储系统基本处于稳定状态;试验中示踪剂回收率极低,开采井和回灌井之间水力联系较差,有限的优势通道中的最大流速为448.42 m/d,优势通道的方向主要集中于北东向,与区内主要控热断裂沧东断裂及其次生断裂的发育方向一致;在现状开发利用模式下,不会造成该热储层温度的显著变化.这些认识对于指导北方古潜山碳酸盐岩热储的科学开发利用具有一定的现实意义. 相似文献
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S. Viswanathan K. Surya Prakash Rao B. Mahabaleswar 《Journal of the Geological Society of India》2013,82(6):621-627
Komatiites are mantle-derived ultramafic volcanic rocks. Komatiites have been discovered in several States of India, notably in Karnataka. Studies on the distribution of trace-elements in the komatiites of India are very few. This paper proposes a simple, accurate, precise, rapid, and non-destructive wavelength-dispersive x-ray fluorescence (WDXRF) spectrometric technique for determining Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th in komatiites, and discusses the accuracy, precision, limits of detection, x-ray spectral-line interferences, inter-element effects, speed, advantages, and limitations of the technique. The accuracy of the technique is excellent (within 3%) for Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th and very good (within 4%) for Y. The precision is also excellent (within 3%) for Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th. The limits of detection are: 1 ppm for Sc and V; 2 ppm for Cr, Co, and Ni; 3 ppm for Cu, Zn, Rb, and Sr; 4 ppm for Y and Zr; 6 ppm for Nb; 10 ppm for Ba; 13 ppm for Pb; and 14 ppm for Th. The time taken for determining Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th in a batch of 24 samples of komatiites, for a replication of four analyses per sample, by one operator, using a manual WDXRF spectrometer, is only 60 hours. 相似文献
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奥地利安东帕有限公司 《岩矿测试》2009,28(3):306-306
最新的流行病学研究表明,空气中较高浓度的悬浮细颗粒可能对人类的健康有不利的影响。根据该项研究显示,由于心脏病、慢性呼吸问题和肺功能指标恶化而导致死亡率的升高与细尘粒子有关。这些研究结果已经促使欧盟于1999年4月出台了限制空气中二氧化硫、二氧化氮、氧化氮、铅和颗粒物含量的法案(1999/30/EC),对各项指标包括对可吸入PM10颗粒的浓度提出了新的限制性指标。PM10颗粒是指可以通过预分级器分离采集的气体动力学直径小于10μm的细颗粒。目前研究的兴趣重点逐步偏向PM2.5这些更细微颗粒物,PM2.5这种颗粒物对健康有明显的不利影响。在欧盟指令2008/50/EC中,对PM10和PM2.5都提 相似文献
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E. M. Prasolov S. A. Sergeev B. V. Belyatsky E. S. Bogomolov K. A. Gruzdov I. N. Kapitonov R. Sh. Krymsky V. O. Khalenev 《Geochemistry International》2018,56(1):46-64
This paper reports the first results of a study of 11 isotope systems (3He/4He, 40Ar/36Ar, 34S/32S, 65Cu/63Cu, 62Ni/60Ni, 87Sr/86Sr, 143Nd/144Nd, 206–208Pb/204Pb, Hf–Nd, U–Pb, and Re–Os) in the rocks and ores of the Cu–Ni–PGE deposits of the Norilsk ore district. Almost all the results were obtained at the Center of Isotopic Research of the Karpinskii All-Russia Research Institute of Geology. The use of a number of independent genetic isotopic signatures and comprehensive isotopic knowledge provided a methodic basis for the interpretation of approximately 5000 isotopic analyses of various elements. The presence of materials from two sources, crust and mantle, was detected in the composition of the rocks and ores. The contribution of the crustal source is especially significant in the paleofluids (gas–liquid microinclusions) of the ore-forming medium. Crustal solutions were probably a transport medium during ore formation. Air argon is dominant in the ores, which indicates a connection between the paleofluids and the atmosphere. This suggests intense groundwater circulation during the crystallization of ore minerals. The age of the rocks and ores of the Norilsk deposits was determined. The stage of orebody formation is restricted to a narrow age interval of 250 ± 10 Ma. An isotopic criterion was proposed for the ore-bearing potential of mafic intrusions in the Norilsk–Taimyr region. It includes several interrelated isotopic ratios of various elements: He, Ar, S, and others. 相似文献
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Mining induced subsidence can significantly affect mining costs where major surface facilities and natural environment need to be protected. Overburden grout injection is a technology used to control coal mine subsidence by injecting the mine waste material extracted from the coal back into the inter-burden rock during longwall mining. The flowing slurry is here categorised as a nonlinear viscous cohesive (Bingham plastic) fluid. During longwall mining the grout slurry is pumped into the separated beds of the rock mass through a central vertical borehole, which is drilled deep into the inter-burden rock strata above the coal seam. However, a blockage can occur in the injection system when the slurry velocity falls below a certain critical threshold velocity, indicating a material phase change from cohesive-viscous to cohesive-frictional. In situ field injection tests through boreholes have been simulated at a smaller scale at the CSIRO laboratory in Brisbane by pumping the slurry through a radial disk (gap = 4 mm) from its centre. Laboratory experiments indicate a general, nonlinear, cohesive, viscous, frictional model for shear behaviour of the slurry, in which the material shear parameters are functions of the disk radial distance. Complete dimensional and dimensionless analytical solutions have been developed based on an approach related to Bingham–Herschel–Bulkley fluid mechanics. The derived formulae include relations for minimum pump pressure, local pressure and pressure gradient, wall shear stress, volume rate, velocity and velocity gradient. The theoretical results match the experimental measurements. The experiments covered slurries with maximum particle sizes of 0.5 to 2 mm with about 50% being larger than 100 µm. The viscosities at the various solids concentrations were measured with a standard torsion viscometer. This study differs from the previous research in several distinct aspects, namely, consideration of the variable shear parameters rather than fixed values, inclusion of total nonlinear behaviour, and implementation of a friction function to mimic behaviour of the deposited and consolidating stiff slurry, which can cause a significant pressure rise as a result of the increased shear resistance. 相似文献
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Between 1985 and 1991, two new mountain protected areas (MTNPA) covering more than 35,000 km2 and based on participatory management models — the Makalu-Barun National Park and Conservation Area, Nepal, and Qomolangma Nature Preserve, Tibet Autonomous Region — were successfully established through the collaborative efforts of Woodlands Mountain Institute and conservationists in China and Nepal. Characteristics common to both projects include the importance of establishing (1) effective rationales, (2) local support constituencies, (3) a senior advisory group, (4) a task force, (5) linkages between conservation and development, and (6) fund raising mechanisms. The lessons derived from the experiences of Woodlands Mountain Institute are of significant value to others in preserving MTNPA. Increased collaboration and communication between all interested in conservation, however, will remain a critical component for expanding mountain protected area coverage to throughout the world. 相似文献
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岩石密度和超高压岩石折返速率 总被引：1，自引：3，他引：1
在常温常压条件下对中国大陆科学钻CCSD主孔100-3000米岩心样品进行了密度测量,建立了密度连续剖面,并界定了不同超高压岩石的密度值。通过对比高温高压物性实验资料,岩石密度随着退变程度增强而降低,榴辉岩密度变化序列为3.52g/cm3→3.49g/cm3→3.07g/cm3→2.93g/cm3。超高压长英质岩石密度变化序列为3.00g/cm→2.80g/cm3→2.65g/cm3。上述实验资料是讨论不同折返阶段岩石所受浮力的基础,为研究折返速率大小提供了基本参数。本文通过折返板块运动平衡时,上浮力与粘滞力平衡这一关系式,定量研究了大陆俯冲板块的折返速率,认为密度差产生上浮力从而引起折返,温度对板块折返速率的影响最为显著;密度差大小、折返角度、折返板块大小对折返速率也有直接的影响。定量模拟分析表明,在温度高于850℃时,板块的折返速率可以超过100mm/a;当温度降至700℃时,折返速率则低于1.5mm/a。作者认为在折返早期,温度较高,板块快速折返至60-70km榴辉岩相深度;随着传导散热,温度降低,板块以较慢的速率折返至中下地壳。折返速率的估算表明,浮力是板块折返第一阶段(从>100km深部折返至<40km的中下地壳)的主要驱动力。 相似文献
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《Applied Geochemistry》2001,16(2):137-159
Five hundred and ninety-eight samples of terrestrial moss (Hylocomium splendens and Pleurozium schreberi) collected from a 188,000 km2 area of the central Barents region (NE Norway, N Finland, NW Russia) were analysed by ICP-AES and ICP-MS. Analytical results for Al, B, Ba, Ca, K, La, Mg, Mn, Na, P, Rb, Si, Sr, Th, U and Y concentrations are reported here. Graphical methods of data analysis, such as geochemical maps, cumulative frequency diagrams, boxplots and scatterplots, are used to interpret the origin of the patterns for these elements. None of the elements reported here are emitted in significant amounts from the smelting industry on the Kola Peninsula. Despite the conventional view that moss chemistry reflects atmospheric element input, the nature of the underlying mineral substrate (regolith or bedrock) is found to have a considerable influence on moss composition for several elements. This influence of the chemistry of the mineral substrate can take place in a variety of ways. (1) It can be completely natural, reflecting the ability of higher plants to take up elements from deep soil horizons and shed them with litterfall onto the surface. (2) It can result from naturally increased soil dust input where vegetation is scarce due to harsh climatic conditions for instance. Alternatively, substrate influence can be enhanced by human activity, such as open-cast mining, creation of ‘technogenic deserts’, or handling, transport and storage of ore and ore products, all of which magnify the natural elemental flux from bedrock to ground vegetation. Seaspray is another natural process affecting moss composition in the area (Mg, Na), and this is most visible in the Norwegian part of the study area. Presence or absence of some plant species, e.g., lichens, seems to influence moss chemistry. This is shown by the low concentrations of B or K in moss on the Finnish and Norwegian side of the (fenced) border with Russia, contrasting with high concentrations on the other side (intensive reindeer husbandry west of the border has selectively depleted the lichen population). 相似文献