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1.
水文地质调查与综合物探在赣南花岗岩地区找水中的应用 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为解决赣南革命老区缺水村落的饮水安全问题,在中国地调局赣南饮水安全项目的支撑下,对赣南20个扶贫点开展了找水工作。本文以宁都县花岗岩地区的4个找水点为例,介绍水文地质调查与综合物探结合的找水方法与技术。首先通过调查各测区水文地质条件,明确找水方向并布置物探测线,然后合理选择综合物探方法和工作参数,确定数据处理与资料解释方法,最后通过物探成果分析与钻探验证,归纳总结了水文地质调查与综合物探方法相结合在花岗岩地区找水中的经验与教训,能够为花岗岩地区开展地下水勘查工作提供有益的参考和借鉴。 相似文献
2.
In the Bicholime, Goa, there is an iron-ore mine surrounded by villages and small towns. Exploitation of such an enormous amount of iron ore may disturb the local groundwater table, thereby causing groundwater depletion. However, these effects are dependent mainly on the geological formations in the region and the mining method. The effects of Bicholime mining on the surrounding groundwater resources and subsurface strata conditions are the main objective of this study. For this purpose, ground penetrating radar surveys were carried out to study the possible effects of mining on the hydrological regime of this open-pit mine, and the subsurface conditions in the Bicholime opencast iron-ore mine, Goa. The results of these surveys show that laterite layers exist from the surface to depths varying from 5 to 22 m at all study locations in the mining area, and in most places clay layers exist, except for the GPR section along the profiles DD1 and EE1 in the village at depths of 8-22 m. Due to the presence of impervious clay layers, mining and dewatering in the leasehold areas will most likely not affect the surrounding hydrological regime of this mining area. It is concluded that no hydrological connection exists between the open pits and the surrounding villages, so that sufficient groundwater is available in the village area, in spite of the enormous extraction of iron ore from the underground. 相似文献
3.
Assessment of groundwater inflows into Kuteshwar Limestone Mines through flow modeling study, Madhya Pradesh, India 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
The development of limestone mining activities in Katni, Madhya Pradesh becomes necessary to increase the depth of exploration to produce ore. Increase in the exploration depth means that mining pits were subjected to water inrush. A hydrological and a hydrogeological model for the Katni area have been developed using USGS flow code, MODFLOW 2000. Collected GIS-based information was synthesized in a finite difference numerical model. The regional steady flow was calibrated under pre-development conditions assuming an equivalent porous medium approach. Water budget calculations show that the total groundwater flow into the aquifer system due to interaction with river amounts to 14,783 m3/day. Infiltration from precipitation provides 1,600 m3/day of the groundwater supply, while 1,446 m3/day comes from lateral inflow and the remaining. The inflows into mine pit area amounts to 15,725 m3/day. Although the karstic nature of the limestone aquifer the equivalent porous medium flow model is appropriate to represent hydraulic heads and recharge/discharge relationships on a regional scale. The results of this study can be used to predict the required amounts of pumping and the possible locations to dewater the groundwater in the mining pits. 相似文献
4.
宝鼎矿区深部水文地质条件研究及涌水量计算 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
宝鼎矿区浅部资源行将枯竭,深部开采已迫在眉睫,而预测深部涌水量成为其首要解决的问题。通过对矿区深部水文地质条件研究与矿井充水因素的分析,认为矿区各含水间水力联系差,同一含水层组的不同地段间的含水裂隙的连通性亦差;断层多为高角度压性逆断层,导水性差,富水性弱;矿区上部水平及下部水平的浅埋区的充水水源主要为大气降水和老窑水,而下部水平主要的充水水源为上覆水平的采空区积水和地下水。运用比拟法和地下水动力学对延深的第一接替水平四个区段的较大涌水量和一般涌水量进行了计算,经过比较,采用了比拟法的计算结果：矿井的一般涌水量为2860.88m3/d,据此提出了切实可行防治水措施,从而为矿井深部建设提供了水文地质依据。 相似文献
5.
WU Ai-min HAO Ai-bing GUO Hai-peng LIU Jing-tao ZHANG Er-yong WANG Huang WANG Xin-feng WEN Xue-ru ZHANG Cui-guang 《地下水科学与工程》2020,8(3):195-209
This paper reviewed the main achievements of hydrogeological survey in China, summarized the significant progress of hydrogeological survey over the past decade, and forecasted the key responsibilities for hydrogeological survey in the p14th Five-year Planq. The significant progress includes: China established the 1: 50 000 standard hydrogeological survey system with Chinese characteristics and produced the new generation of high-quality hydrogeological maps; the national groundwater monitoring project was completed and accepted, which marks China taking the leading position in groundwater monitoring internationally; fruitful results were achieved in the national groundwater quality survey, and groundwater quality background values were basically identified and checked; hydrogeological and environmental geological survey was continuously promoted in karst areas and the ecological restoration of rocky desertification achieved remarkable results; China strengthened layer exploration techniques for groundwater, integrating the key and practical techniques of layer exploration and monitoring; the exploration of groundwater in the poverty-stricken regions and old revolutionary base areas were effectively promoted to strongly guarantee the poverty alleviation and drinking water safety; the mystery of desert groundwater was uncovered, making up for the shortage of 1: 250 000 hydrogeological survey in the Badain Jaran Desert; and more efforts were made to conduct survey on the water resources in the basin, and to finish the unified measurement of national-scale groundwater level. 相似文献
6.
C. Di Salvo M. Moscatelli R. Mazza G. Capelli G. P. Cavinato 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2014,72(7):2279-2299
As established in the European Water Framework Directive, the development of groundwater numerical models is fundamental for adopting water management plans aimed at preserving the water resource and reducing environmental risks. In this paper, authors present a methodology for the estimation of groundwater resource of an alluvial valley, in an urban area characterized by a complex hydrostratigraphic setting and scarcity of hydrogeological data; the study area is the urban and sub-urban area of Rome (Italy). A previous, elaborated hydrostratigraphic model set the base for the development of 3D, steady state, sub-basin scale numerical model, implemented by the finite-difference code MODFLOW 2000®; the water system components were derived by elaboration of available data. The alluvial aquifer of the Tiber River Valley, which runs in the middle of the City in a NNW–SE direction, has been analyzed in detail, since it is covered by a densely populated area hosting most of Rome’s historical heritage, and it is characterized by low quality geotechnical parameters. Results suggest that in areas with high hydrostratigraphic complexity and scarcity of hydrogeological data, a sub-basin scale, and steady-state numerical model can be very helpful to verify the conceptual model and reduce the uncertainty on the water budget components. The proposed steady-state model constitutes the base for future applications of transient state and local scale models, required for sustainable water management. 相似文献
7.
地下水资源是北京供水系统的支柱,设立地下水水源地保护区,是保护水源地最大可能免受人类活动影响、保证水质安全的重要措施。论文以北京市某典型水源地为例,在收集相关水文地质勘查、长期动态观测、水源地开采现状、规划及周边污染源调查等成果资料的基础上,建立了地下水系统水文地质概念模型,模拟出地下水流场。通过质点追踪技术,计算水源地水力捕获带范围。综合考虑水源地周边地形、地物和潜在风险污染源等因素,确定了水源地保护区的范围。结果表明,数值模拟法能客观详细地刻画实际地下水含水层的结构与水文地质条件,划分结果可靠、准确,能为地下水管理部门提供有效合理的保护依据。 相似文献
8.
煤矿水害防治技术的现状及发展趋势 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
全面阐述了我国煤矿水害防治技术的现状，包括水文地质条件探查技术、突水预测技术和水害治理技术；预测了防治水技术发展趋向，如计算机信息技术的应用，水害发生机理的理论与实验，预测技术的开发与仪器化，开发新仪器、设备、方法的推广应用、地下水流模型、水资源管理信息系统的开发与应用等。 相似文献
9.
The Krishni–Yamuna interstream area is a micro-watershed in the Central Ganga Plain and a highly fertile track of Western
Uttar Pradesh. The Sugarcane and wheat are the major crops of the area. Aquifers of Quaternary age form the major source of
Irrigation and municipal water supplies. A detailed hydrogeological investigation was carried out in the study area with an
objective to assess aquifer framework, groundwater quality and its resource potential. The hydrogeological cross section reveals
occurrence of alternate layers of clay and sand. Aquifer broadly behaves as a single bodied aquifer down to the depth of 100 m bgl
(metre below ground level) as the clay layers laterally pinch out. The depth to water in the area varies between 5 and 16.5 m bgl.
The general groundwater flow direction is from NE to SW with few local variations. An attempt has been made to evaluate groundwater
resources of the area. The water budget method focuses on the various components contributing to groundwater flow and groundwater
storage changes. Changes in ground water storage can be attributed to rainfall recharge, irrigation return flow and ground
water inflow to the basin minus baseflow (ground water discharge to streams or springs), evapotranspiration from ground water,
pumping and ground water outflow from the basin. The recharge is obtained in the study area using Water table fluctuation
and Tritium methods. The results of water balance study show that the total recharge in to the interstream region is of the
order of 185.25 million m3 and discharge from the study area is of the order of 203.24 million m3, leaving a deficit balance of −17.99 million m3. Therefore, the present status of groundwater development in the present study area has acquired the declining trend. Thus,
the hydrogeological analysis and water balance studies shows that the groundwater development has attained a critical state
in the region. 相似文献
10.
贵州是全国煤矿水文地质类型复杂和极复杂矿井数量最多的省份之一,以贵州福泉骆子田勘查区为研究对象,通过该勘查区水文地质特征以及充水因素浅析,得出该勘查区水文地质类型,为今后水文地质工作重点勘查奠定了基础,同时为处周边水文地质相似矿井充水防治起到指导作用。 相似文献
11.
本数据集依托2016年中国地质调查局"白洋淀流域平原区1：50 000水文地质调查"项目,在充分收集以往地质资料的基础上,开展了隶属雄安新区规划建设核心区域的安新县幅、雄县幅1：50 000水文地质及专项生态环境地质调查工作,编制了标准的1：50 000水文地质图及说明书,依照行业规范将此次调查获取的数据建立了1：50 000水文地质调查成果数据集。本数据集包含8种数据类型,包含895个基础调查数据,22个野外地质综合调查点数据,82个地层岩性界限调查点数据,540个水文地质调查点数据,22个环境地质调查点数据,12个钻孔基本情况数据,71个抽水试验综合成果数据,2 200个野外照片数据,共计3 844个数据。本数据集对认识白洋淀及周边区域水文地质条件,评价地下水资源,以及研究湿地生态功能退化等生态地质环境问题具有一定的参考意义。 相似文献
12.
As hydrogeological conditions of coal field in North China are complicated, coal mine water hazards have been occurring frequently.
Nearly 80% of coal mines are affected by Ordovician and Permo-Carboniferous Karst water. According to rough statistics, 200
incidents of water inrush have occurred since 1950, 1,500 persons have died, and there is an economic loss of 3 billion Yuan
(RMB). The climate of North China belongs to drought or semi-drought zone. So the recharge amount of ground water by infiltration
of precipitation is limited. Stronger coal mine water drainage has brought a series of environmental problems, such as water
resource and lots of famous Karst springs exhausted, surface collapse emerged, mine water contaminated. Coal mine water hazards
are so serious that the economic benefit of coal mines is dropping. Sustainable development of coal mines is affected. So,
preventing coal mine water hazards and protecting geological environment are essential. This thesis focuses on preventing
coal mine water hazards technologies. The technologies include four aspects: exploration of hydrogeological conditions; prediction
and forecast of water inrush; mining under safe water pressure; and sealing off groundwater by grouting. 相似文献
13.
矿区闭坑后,区域地下水动力条件的改变以及引起的地下水污染可能对环境影响较大。本文以徐州东部废弃矿井为
研究对象,在进行水文地质调查分析的基础上,采集地下水样,进行水化学分析,结果表明研究区内太原组灰岩含水层的
水化学类型具有明显分带性,从西北向东南由HCO3·SO4-Ca型、SO4-Ca·Mg型向HCO3·SO4-Ca·Mg型、HCO3-Ca·Mg型依次
过渡。矿井关闭后,地下水位抬升,水文地质条件发生改变,地下水水化学组分相应有所变化。对研究区水化学特征的演
化特点进行分析,发现地下水受阳离子交替吸附作用影响,呈现出Ca2+、Mg2+、SO42-增大,Na+、K+减小的趋势。 相似文献
14.
《Geomechanics and Geoengineering》2013,8(3):189-199
Numerical models are useful in the evaluation of the interaction between groundwater systems and mining activities. They can be successfully used to predict the quantity of inflow into open pits and to design an appropriate dewatering system. In this paper, a two-dimensional axi-symmetric finite element model called SEEP/W has been used to predict the groundwater inflow into Sangan open pit mine (anomaly north C). The Sangan iron mine is located at 280 km south-east of Mashhad, Iran, in arid and warm climate conditions wherein precipitation is generally limited. The water inflow to the pit is mainly from a confined aquifer, mainly by horizontal flow in the upper layers and vertical flow at the pit bottom. The results of the numerical model of the ground water inflow are presented and compared with those obtained from Theis, Cooper-Jacob and Jacob-Lohman analytical solutions. Ground water inflow monitoring was also carried out in a trial excavation at the Sangan mine in order to calibrate the model. The model was then used to predict groundwater inflow into Sangan open pit mine during its advancement. This model provides valuable information for designing an appropriate dewatering system. 相似文献
15.
流域水资源系统由降水产流，以及通过水文下垫面的转换，形成的地表径流和地下水流流组成。本文将复杂的沽河流域水 资源系统分解成多个子系统，利用频谱分析方法对各个水资源子系统的转换功能进行定量的分析刻画，并利用地下含水介质子系统的转换特征函数－频率响应函数求取水文地质参数，丰富了水文地质参数的获取途径。 相似文献
16.
Regional hydrogeological survey is groundwork for regional water resource development and utilization. In order to promote working efficiency and work cycle of traditional general survey, remote sensing technology is used to obtain the information of the region surveyed, such as landscape, quaternary geology, geological disasters, geologic structure, hydrographic features, etc, thus building diagrams, such as regional remote sensing interpretation geomorphologic map, quaternary geological map, hydrogeologic map, tectonic map, etc. This paper takes application of remote sensing in hydrogeological general survey (revision) of 1:200 000 mountain region in Hebei Province as an example, to systematically introduce technical route and technical method of remote sensing applied in regional hydrogeological survey as well as main content of interpretation. The paper also combines the latest remote sensing technological development to look far ahead into application of remote sensing in regional hydrogeological survey and introduces a new direction 相似文献
17.
本数据集在1：50 000活鸡兔图幅内综合应用了遥感、地面调查、物探、钻探,以及水化学同位素等多种方法进行数据采集,共完成2期遥感数据解译800 km2,地面调查点377个,丰水期、枯水期地下水水位统测240点次,抽水试验10组,水体样品采集共计127组,水文地质钻探累计进尺600 m。本数据集细化了工作区内第四系孔隙含水层、白垩系洛河组孔隙-裂隙含水层富水等级,填补了侏罗系安定组、直罗组水文地质信息的空白;同时,加入了与采煤相关的次生环境地质要素,并首次将浅层含水层疏干区较为准确地勾画出来,还建立了采煤影响下的地下水的循环模式,突出了矿区水文地质调查的特色。本数据集为矿区水文地质调查工作的规划、部署与总结提供常态化支持,对保障国家能源安全、生态安全具有重要的现实意义。 相似文献
18.
地下水资源在中国社会经济发展中发挥重要作用,特别是在地表水资源相对匮乏的北方地区。掌握一个地区地下水资源状况、动态变化特征及可开采潜力,对该地区的供水安全保障至关重要。本文选择雄安新区,在近年来开展的区域水文地质调查、监测及综合研究等成果基础上,结合前人研究,对雄安新区区域水文地质条件、地下水动态变化特征等进行分析总结;以恢复地下水降落漏斗为地下水可持续开采利用方案的目标,从白洋淀流域平原区尺度,设置现状开采条件、河流补水、工农业节水及地下水禁(限)采等不同情景方案,采用地下水数值模拟技术,综合分析不同情景30年后的预测结果,提出白洋淀流域平原区地下水可持续开采利用方案;在流域地下水可持续开采利用方案基础上,分析雄安新区地下水可开采的最大资源量,进而评价雄安新区地下水可开采潜力。结果显示,雄安新区区域水文地质条件相对简单,浅层富水性中等,深层富水性较强;地下水位为多年下降状态,近年来,浅、深层地下水整体呈企稳或回升状态,局部地区仍有所下降;地下水质量总体良好,且较为稳定。根据评价结果,雄安新区地下水可开采潜力约为1.80×10~8m~3/a,其中,浅层地下水可开采潜力约为1.50×10~8m~3/a,深层地下水可开采潜力约为0.30×10~8m~3/a。 相似文献
19.
矿山地区一方面采矿存在着水患,另一方面又因疏干排水而使日常生活缺水。目前我国有关矿区供排结合的实例并不多见。以大同矿区口泉沟南为例,分析了该区的地质、水文地质条件,并用数学模型的有限元法评价了地下水资源的允许开采量。同时提出和论证了最佳开采方案。 相似文献
20.
Vargas-Payera Sofía Taucare Matías Pareja Claudio Vejar Jessica 《Hydrogeology Journal》2023,31(5):1165-1179
Water scarcity is a critical issue worldwide, and Chile is no exception. Since 2010, Central Chile has been enduring an ongoing water crisis due to the coupled effects of a severe drought and the overuse of water resources, especially groundwater. Rural communities have been strongly impacted, mainly because wells from which drinking water is supplied show a dramatic drop in water levels, and some have even dried up. The water scarcity scenario requires the integration of actors and disciplines to increase awareness of groundwater; however, how to make this valuable element visible in society is an issue that remains open to debate. This paper describes and reflects on the process of making educational material about groundwater and water scarcity for children to promote public awareness. Based on transdisciplinary and co-designing processes, this work describes the social perceptions of groundwater among children and community leaders, as well as how scientific information and local knowledge of water scarcity could be integrated into a book for the young population. This research finds that educational projects on groundwater resources increase people’s awareness of the role of this hidden resource in the water cycle. Such projects encourage the creation of grounded and contextualised materials that incorporate the knowledge and experience already present in the communities, increasing public awareness of the role of groundwater and associated water scarcity issues, thereby integrating academia and society. This approach could be a tool to lay the foundations for successfully addressing the water crisis in Chile over generations.
相似文献