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1.
冈底斯东段古新世朱拉岩体LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb定年和岩石地球化学特征 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
朱拉岩体位于冈底斯带东部,主要由黑云母二长花岗岩组成,其中发育闪长质包体,二者呈渐变过渡关系。3件寄主岩石LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年龄加权平均值分别为64.6Ma±0.8Ma、64.3Ma±0.8Ma和63.9Ma±0.5Ma,含776Ma的继承岩浆锆石。1件闪长质包体样品年龄加权平均值为66.1Ma±0.3Ma。闪长质包体低Si,中Mg(Mg﹟平均41.1),属铝质高钾钙碱性系列,Nb/Ta值为22,Sr/Y值为3.69,稀土元素分馏较低,LREE/HREE平均值为1.92,Eu强烈亏损,富集大离子亲石元素(Rb、K、U、Th),亏损高场强元素(Nb、Ta、Sr、Ti),暗示岩浆成分主要为幔源。寄主岩石富Si、K,贫P,属铝质—偏铝质钙碱性—高钾钙碱性系列,Nb/Ta值15.9,富集大离子亲石元素(Rb、K、Th),亏损高场强元素(Nb、Ta、Ba、P、Ti),具有活动陆缘钙碱性岩系的微量元素分布特征。寄主岩石与闪长质包体具有密切的成生联系,闪长岩形成于富集俯冲带组分的地幔熔体,在上升过程中混染了一定量的壳源物质结晶分异产物,寄主岩石则为底侵作用产生的大量壳源熔体与少量幔源熔体混合并发生一定程度分离结晶后的产物。结合前人的研究成果,认为古新世朱拉岩体与雅鲁藏布江大洋的向北消减有关。 相似文献
2.
朱拉岩体位于冈底斯带东部,主要由黑云母二长花岗岩组成,其中发育闪长质包体,二者呈渐变过渡关系。3件寄主岩石LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年龄加权平均值分别为64.6Ma±0.8Ma、64.3Ma±0.8Ma和63.9Ma±0.5Ma,含776Ma的继承岩浆锆石。1件闪长质包体样品年龄加权平均值为66.1Ma±0.3Ma。闪长质包体低Si,中Mg（Mg﹟平均41.1）,属铝质高钾钙碱性系列,Nb/Ta值为22,Sr/Y值为3.69,稀土元素分馏较低,LREE/HREE平均值为1.92,Eu强烈亏损,富集大离子亲石元素（Rb、K、U、Th）,亏损高场强元素（Nb、Ta、Sr、Ti）,暗示岩浆成分主要为幔源。寄主岩石富Si、K,贫P,属铝质—偏铝质钙碱性—高钾钙碱性系列,Nb/Ta值15.9,富集大离子亲石元素（Rb、K、Th）,亏损高场强元素（Nb、Ta、Ba、P、Ti）,具有活动陆缘钙碱性岩系的微量元素分布特征。寄主岩石与闪长质包体具有密切的成生联系,闪长岩形成于富集俯冲带组分的地幔熔体,在上升过程中混染了一定量的壳源物质结晶分异产物,寄主岩石则为底侵作用产生的大量壳源熔体与少量幔源熔体混合并发生一定程度分离结晶后的产物。结合前人的研究成果,认为古新世朱拉岩体与雅鲁藏布江大洋的向北消减有关。 相似文献
3.
铜陵中酸性侵入岩成因及锆石SHRIMP定年 总被引：15，自引：7，他引：8
铜陵地区高钾钙碱性系列侵入岩包括辉长闪长岩+石英二长闪长岩+花岗闪长岩,橄榄安粗岩系列侵入岩包括辉石二长闪长岩+二长岩+石英二长岩。高钾钙碱性系列侵入岩中含有富云母包体和微粒闪长质包体以及镁铁质石英二长闪长质包体,与区内的铜(金)矿化关系密切;橄榄安粗岩系列岩体中含多种深源堆积岩包体,与金(铜)、银、铅、锌等矿化关系密切。锆石SHRIMP定年结果表明,石英二长闪长岩为140Ma左右,花岗闪长岩为142～146Ma,辉长闪长岩为143Ma,辉石二长闪长岩为138～142Ma,二长岩为143Ma,可见两个系列侵入岩的年龄既有一定的差别,也有一些重叠。岩石地球化学及包体岩石学研究表明,橄榄安粗岩系列岩石可能为幔源碱性玄武质岩浆分异后形成,高钾钙性系列岩石可能为分异的幔源岩浆与壳源岩浆混合后形成。 相似文献
4.
研究"钾质和钠质两个地幔富碱岩浆体系"的刍议 总被引：5，自引：1，他引：5
钾质富碱岩浆岩组成的岩带研究表明,这类岩石普遍富碱和CaO,高钾,富Rb,Sr,Ba和放射性元素Th,U等,Rb/Sr相对较低;稀土元素总量较高,强烈富轻稀土,δEu较小;ISr多数介于0.705～0.706之间;INd较低,铅同位素较均一.Sr-Nd-Pb同位素特征表明,该岩类岩石的岩浆来源于EMⅡ型地幔源区,岩浆很可能直接来源于钾质富碱地幔.钠质富碱岩浆岩带岩石具富碱、高钠(Na2O＞K2O)的特点,同时富钛及大离子亲石元素和相对富集Nb,Ta,Zr以及Rb/Sr偏高等;ISr相对低,而INd稍高.这类岩石起源于钠质的富碱地幔源区.这些异常地幔源的形成与地幔流体交代作用有关.而超深大断裂作为岩浆上升的通道,是钾质和钠质地幔富碱岩系形成的重要条件. 相似文献
5.
铜陵地区中酸性侵入岩及其包体的成因和矿物温压计的应用 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
铜陵地区中酸性侵入岩可划分为橄榄安粗岩系列和高钾钙碱性系列。前者岩石组合为辉石二长闪长岩+二长岩+石英二长岩,后者为辉长闪长岩+石英二长闪长岩+花岗闪长岩。两个系列岩石的组成矿物种类相似,但在不同岩石中的含量不同,主要造岩矿物为斜长石、辉石、角闪石、黑云母、钾长石、石英。橄榄安粗岩系列岩石中含有大量的深源包体,包括辉石堆积岩包体、角闪石堆积岩包体和角闪石辉长质堆积岩包体,主要矿物为辉石、角闪石,其次为尖晶石、斜长石、磷灰石、金云母;高钾钙碱性系列岩石中含大量的微粒闪长质包体、镁铁质石英二长闪长质包体和富云母包体,主要矿物为斜长石、角闪石、黑云母。在考虑温压计使用条件的前提下,选择合适的温压计计算了两个系列侵入岩及包体形成的温压条件。结果表明,橄榄安粗岩系列侵入岩侵位深度(4～6km)略小于高钾钙碱性系列侵入岩(6～7km),各种堆积包体形成于45～65km的深位岩浆房,微粒闪长质包体形成于12～15km的浅位岩浆房,镁铁质石英二长闪长质包体是早期侵入岩的边缘相,而富云母包体可能为地壳部分熔融的残余相。 相似文献
6.
7.
宁芜地区中生代富钾和富钠火山岩的源区特征:岩石学和地球化学证据 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
宁芜中生代火山盆地广泛产出早白垩世中基性火山岩,钾质岩石主要为龙王山组英安岩、粗安岩,钠质火山岩主要为大王山组玄武粗安岩、粗安岩、英安岩以及钠质安山玢岩类。钠质辉石安山玢岩的锆石U-Pb年龄为128.9±1.9Ma,为早白垩世产物。稀土元素球粒陨石标准化配分曲线均表现为一致的平缓右倾型式,Eu负异常不明显,富集大离子亲石元素,亏损高场强元素,具Nb、Ta的负异常。钾质龙王山组火山岩总体Cs、Rb、Ba、Th、U等LILE含量较钠质大王山组火山岩和钠质安山玢岩高,并具有较高的Si、K,较低的Ca、Mg,高Rb/Sr,高Isr(0.70521~0.70857);钠质火山岩具有较低的Si、富Na、高Sr、低I_(sr)(0.70544~0.70768),Mg~#相对较高。钠质辉石闪长玢岩斑晶中有斜长石的矿物结构和成分不平衡现象,锆石Hf同位素特征为ε_(Hf)(t)=-6.2~+0.6,变化较大,指示岩浆混合过程。地幔源区可能是由中元古代俯冲板块释放出流体发生交代作用后形成的富集地幔,钾质火山岩地幔源区交代矿物可能以金云母为主,崆岭群TTG片麻岩为其地壳端元。而钠质火山岩地幔源区交代矿物可能以角闪石和单斜辉石为主,中元古上溪群变质基性岩或新生下地壳基性岩为其地壳端元。 相似文献
8.
念青唐古拉早白垩世侵入岩年代学、地球化学及岩石成因研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
念青唐古拉早白垩世侵入岩主要由花岗闪长岩和石英闪长岩两类岩石组成。花岗闪长岩锆石LA-MC-ICPMSU-Pb年龄为133.20±0.92Ma,与石英闪长岩年代一致。花岗闪长岩富硅、富钾、贫磷,准铝质至弱过铝质,髙钾钙碱系列,Mg#平均为40,Nb/Ta比值为10.3,较高的[n(87Sr)/n(86Sr)]i(0.71947～0.72503),较低的εNd(t)(-12.6～-12.7),以及较老的亏损地幔模式年龄(约1927Ma),锆石饱和温度最高可达830℃,暗示了岩浆主要来自古老地壳的熔融,可能与幔源岩浆的底侵作用相关。石英闪长岩低硅、高镁(Mg#平均为50)、富铁、富钙、低碱,准铝质,钙碱系列至钾玄系列,Nb/Ta比值为20,Sr/Y比值为9,暗示了岩浆的成分主要为幔源。均富集轻稀土,亏损重稀土,弱至中等负铕异常;富集大离子亲石元素(K、Rb、Th),亏损高场强元素(Nb、Ta、P、Ti),具有活动陆缘钙碱岩系的微量元素分布特征。花岗闪长岩和石英闪长岩具有密切的岩石成因联系,石英闪长岩形成于富集俯冲带组分的地幔熔体在上升过程中混染了一定量壳源物质结晶分异的产物,花岗闪长岩则为底侵作用生产的大量壳源熔体与少量幔源熔体混合并发生一定程度分离结晶后的产物。结合前人的研究成果,推测早白垩世侵入岩与新特提斯洋西段向NE消减有关。 相似文献
9.
安徽铜陵矿集区出露的侵入岩可划分为高钾钙碱性和橄榄安粗岩系列,作为铜陵7大矿田之一的焦冲地区是否也存在两个系列侵入岩?它们的时代及成因与整个铜陵地区的侵入岩是否相同?这些问题目前仍不清楚。本文选择铜陵焦冲矿田的侵入岩开展了岩相学、岩石地球化学、LA-ICPMS锆石U-Pb定年及原位Hf同位素地球化学研究。结果表明,焦冲矿田也存在高钾钙碱性系列和橄榄安粗岩系列侵入岩,前者的主要岩石类型为石英二长闪长岩、花岗闪长岩,后者为辉石二长闪长岩。LA-ICPMS锆石U-Pb定年结果显示,高钾钙碱性系列侵入岩年代与铜陵地区其他矿区同类岩石年代相同,约为142 Ma;而橄榄安粗岩系列侵入岩年代比铜陵地区其他矿区同类岩石年轻,约为136 Ma。总体上看,铜陵地区两个系列侵入岩具有多期次侵位的特征。焦冲高钾钙碱性系列侵入岩含有较多的老的继承性锆石,说明本区古老地壳卷入了岩浆形成过程。结合铜陵地区侵入岩的特征和焦冲矿田侵入岩岩石地球化学研究结果,笔者认为,焦冲矿田两个系列侵入岩成因与铜陵地区侵入岩相似,即橄榄安粗岩系列侵入岩是来自莫霍面附近深部位岩浆房富碱基性岩浆结晶分异后的产物,而高钾钙碱性系列侵入岩是深位岩浆房分异后的岩浆与浅位岩浆房长英质岩浆混合后的产物。 相似文献
10.
云南永平卓潘碱性杂岩体岩石学和地球化学特征及成因研究 总被引：5，自引：4，他引：1
卓潘碱性杂岩体为"三江"地区富碱(高钾)侵入岩的重要组成部分,位于哀牢山-金沙江缝合带的中部,侵位于兰坪盆地南部的白垩系砂岩中,主要由碱性辉长岩、辉石正长岩和霞石正长岩组成。对卓潘碱性杂岩体的岩相学、岩石学、主元素和稀土微量及同位素地球化学特征的系统研究表明,该杂岩体主量元素显示低硅、富钾、高碱(K2O+Na2O为6.92%~13.43%)、低TiO 2(0.31%~1.20%)的特征,属钾质碱性系列岩石;杂岩体的各种岩石均富集Rb、Sr、Ba、Th等大离子亲石元素、亏损Nb、Ta、Ti等高场强元素,并具有轻稀土富集的右倾型稀土元素分布模式、具较高的87Sr/86Sr、206Pb/204Pb、207Pb/204Pb、208Pb/204Pb及较低的143Nd/144Nd等特征,表明源区具有较明显的EMⅡ型富集地幔特征,源区明显受到壳源物质的混染。卓潘岩体形成于印度-欧亚大陆后碰撞的剪切和拉张的构造环境,古扬子板片向西俯冲,诱发了经过陆壳交代混染了的岩石圈地幔的部分熔融。由于兰坪走滑拉分盆地东缘断裂拉伸强度大,岩浆起源的深度大,以及岩浆源区成分(特别是CO2含量)与其它部位不同,因此在卓潘地区形成一套与金沙江-哀牢山-红河断裂带其它新生代富碱斑岩完全不同的过碱性的岩石。 相似文献
11.
Metasomatism in the subcontinental mantle beneath the Eastern Carpathians (Romania): new evidence from trace element geochemistry 总被引：9，自引：1，他引：9
Françoise Chalot-Prat Anne-Marie Boullier 《Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology》1997,129(4):284-307
A wide range of trace elements have been analysed in mantle xenoliths (whole rocks, clinopyroxene and amphibole separates)
from alkaline lavas in the Eastern Carpathians (Romania), in order to understand the process of metasomatism in the subcontinental
mantle of the Carpatho-Pannonian region. The xenoliths include spinel lherzolites, harzburgites and websterites, clinopyroxenites,
amphibole veins and amphibole clinopyroxenites. Textures vary from porphyroclastic to granoblastic, or equigranular. Grain
size increases with increasing equilibrium temperature of mineralogical assemblages and results from grain boundary migration.
In peridotites, interstitial clinopyroxenes (cpx) and amphiboles resulted from impregnation and metasomatism of harzburgites
or cpx-poor lherzolites by small quantities of a melt I with a melilitite composition. Clinopyroxenites, amphibole veins and
amphibole clinopyroxenites are also formed by metasomatism as a result of percolation through fracture systems of large quantities
of a melt II with a melanephelinite composition. These metasomatic events are marked by whole-rock enrichments, relative to
the primitive mantle (PM), in Rb, Th and U associated in some granoblastic lherzolites and in clinopyroxene and amphibole
veins with enrichments in LREE, Ta and Nb. Correlations between major element whole-rock contents in peridotites demonstrate
that the formation of interstitial amphibole and clinopyroxene induced only a slight but variable increase of the Ca/Al ratio
without apparent modifications of the initial mantle composition. Metasomatism is also traced by enrichments in the most incompatible
elements and the LREE. The Ta, Nb, MREE and HREE contents remained unchanged and confirm the depleted state of the initial
but heterogeneous mantle. Major and trace element signature of clinopyroxene suggests that amphibole clinopyroxenites and
some granoblastic lherzolites have been metasomatized successively by melts I and II. Both melts I and II were Ca-rich and
Si-poor, somewhat alkaline (Na > K). Melt I differed from melt II in having higher Mg and Cr contents offset by lower Ti,
Al, Fe and K contents. Both were highly enriched in all incompatible trace elements relative to primitive mantle, showing
positive anomalies in Rb, Ba, Th, Sr and Zr. They contrasted by their Ta, Nb and LREE contents, lower in melt I than in melt
II. Melts I and II originate during a two-stage melting event from the same source at high pressure and under increasing temperature.
The source assemblage could be that of a metasomatized carbonated mantle but was more likely that of an eclogite of crustal
affinity. Genetic relationships between calc-alkaline and alkaline lavas from Eastern Carpathians and these melts are thought
to be only indirect, the former originating from partial melting of mantle sources respectively metasomatized by the melts
I and II.
Received: 17 March 1997 / Accepted: 14 July 1997 相似文献
12.
青藏高原分布有羌塘—囊谦—滇西和冈底斯两条新生代钾质-超钾质火山岩带。羌塘—囊谦—滇西超钾质岩浆活动的峰值时间为40～30Ma,主体岩石具有Ⅰ型超钾质岩的高MgO和低CaO、Al2O3含量特征;30～24Ma期间羌塘中、西部出现Ⅲ型钾质-超钾质岩浆活动,主体岩石以贫SiO2、高CaO、Al2O3和低MgO/CaO为特征。冈底斯新生代超钾质火山岩也显示I型超钾质岩的高MgO和低CaO、Al2O3含量特征,其形成时间为25～12Ma。综合超钾质岩石的实验资料,可知区内I型超钾质岩的源区以富硅、富钾流(熔)体交代形成的金云母方辉橄榄岩为主;Ⅲ型钾质-超钾质岩浆源区则以斜辉橄榄岩地幔为主。囊谦—滇西Ⅰ型超钾质岩带空间上严格受红河走滑构造带所控制,40～28Ma出现I型超钾质岩浆活动,16Ma转变为OIB型钾质火山岩。岩浆源区从岩石圈地幔向软流圈演变,暗示大型走滑断裂引起的岩石圈地幔减薄和软流圈上涌是导致交代岩石圈地幔金云母分解熔融产生区内I型超钾质岩浆的主控因素。羌塘中部35～34Ma有软流圈来源为主的钠质碱性玄武岩岩浆的喷发,30～24Ma转变为以岩石圈地幔为主要来源的Ⅲ型钾质-超钾质岩浆活动,岩浆源区从软流圈向岩石圈迁移,指示软流圈上涌伴随的富CO2流(熔)体活动是导致古交代岩石圈地幔升温熔融产生Ⅲ型钾质-超钾质岩浆的主控因素,软流圈上涌可能是俯冲板片断离或岩石圈地幔拆沉作用的结果。 相似文献
13.
江苏省宁镇地区位于长江中下游沿江成矿带的最东端,是长江中下游成矿带的重要组成部分,蒋庙岩体是宁镇地区唯一的基性岩体.对此岩体进行了锆石U-Pb年代学、矿物化学、岩石地球化学和Sr-Nd-Hf同位素研究,讨论了其成因及地幔源区性质.岩体主要由橄榄辉长岩、角闪辉长岩和辉石闪长岩组成,其中辉石闪长岩的锆石LA-ICP-MS(laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry) U-Pb年龄为121±1 Ma.锆石εHf(t)值介于-2.9~-6.4.全岩地球化学研究显示岩石样品富钠低钾,富集轻稀土元素,重稀土元素亏损不明显,富集大离子亲石元素(如K、Ba、Sr等),亏损高场强元素(如Nb、Ta、Ti、Zr、Hf等).蒋庙基性侵入岩在长江中下游地区中生代岩浆岩中具有最高的εNd(t)值以及最低的(87Sr/86Sr)i值,其Sr-Nd同位素组成介于软流圈地幔(depleted MORB mantle,DMM)-富集岩石圈地幔(enriched mantle Ⅱ,EMⅡ)之间.研究认为,蒋庙岩体应来源于软流圈地幔和富集岩石圈地幔的混合组分,可能有少量的俯冲板片物质加入源区,并在成岩过程中经历了一定程度的结晶分异.结合区域地质、年代学、矿物学和地球化学资料,表明蒋庙岩体的形成可能与古太平洋板块俯冲事件密切相关. 相似文献
14.
念青唐古拉早始新世中基性侵入岩由角闪辉长岩及二长闪长岩组成,其中角闪辉长岩锆石LA-MC-ICPMS U-Pb年龄为(49.92±0.24)Ma。中基性侵入岩属于高钾钙碱系列至钾玄岩系列;稀土总量较高且轻稀土富集;富集大离子亲石元素(Rb,Th,K),亏损高场强元素(Nb,Ta,Ti),具有弧岩浆岩的微量元素特征。中基性侵入岩具有较高的初始锶((87Sr/86Sr)i为0.708 77～0.713 71)、低的εNd值(-6.9～-6.1)、古老的亏损地幔模式年龄(TDM为1 329～1 995Ma),以及εNd、Nb/La与MgO无明显相关性,表明其源区为受古老地壳交代的富集地幔。稀土元素模拟表明中基性侵入岩的成岩过程受地幔中轻程度部分熔融作用所控制。动力学背景分析表明其与新特提斯洋板片的断离及软流圈物质的上涌密切相关。 相似文献
15.
L. I. Panina E. Yu. Rokosova A. T. Isakova A. V. Tolstov 《Geochemistry International》2018,56(7):651-669
Data obtained on lamprophyres from the carbonatite–volcanic unit in the lower horizon of the Tomtor Massif indicate that the rocks and zoned diopside and kaersutite phenocrysts in them are enriched in incompatible elements more significantly than is typical of alkaline ultramafic rocks of the Maymecha–Kotui and Kola provinces. The concentrations of these elements and their indicator ratios in the cores and intermediate zones of the diopside and kaersutite phenocrysts significantly vary, and this suggests that the minerals might have crystallized from different melts. This is consistent with the earlier conclusions, which were derived from studying melt inclusions, that the phenocrysts crystallized from mixing alkaline mafic melts of sodic and potassic types and different Mg–number which were enriched in the carbonatite component. The cores of the diopside phenocrysts started to crystallize from sodic mafic magma in a magmatic chamber, while the intermediate and outermost zones of this mineral crystallized from mixed sodic–potassic mafic melts. The carbonatite component was separated from the sodic mafic melt at high temperature (>1150°C) during diopside core crystallization. The bulk compositions of the alkaline lamprophyres and of the diopside and kaersutite phenocrysts contain lower normalized concentrations of HREE than LREE. This led us to conclude that the parental sodic and potassic mafic melts were derived from an enriched mantle source material under garnet–facies parameters, as is typical of continental rifts. It is noteworthy that the potassic mafic melt was derived at greater depths and lower degrees of melting of the mantle source than the sodic melt. The iron–rich sodic melt from which the cores of the diopside phenocrysts started to crystallize was enriched in V, REE, Y, and volatile components (H2O, CO2, F, Cl, and S). The onset of carbonate–silicate liquid immiscibility was marked by the redistribution of REE and Y into the carbonatite melt. The potassic, more Mg–rich mafic melt from which the intermediate and outermost zones of the diopside phenocrysts crystallized was enriched in Ti, Nb, Zr, and REE and always remained homogeneous when this mineral crystallized. 相似文献
16.
基性的碱性岩通常形成于伸展环境,具有富碱和不相容元素富集等地球化学特征,它们来源于深部富集地幔,是探索地幔交代和深部地球动力学的"岩石探针"。华北克拉通北缘燕辽裂谷内发育团山子组和大红峪组钾质火山岩以及侵入串岭沟组的钠质岩脉,它们共同组成了长城纪碱性岩系列。本文利用SHRIMP锆石U-Pb同位素方法对平谷-蓟县地区钾质火山岩进行年代学测试,获得误差范围内一致的年龄:1613±11Ma、1634±18Ma(团山子组)和1605±19Ma、1630±10Ma(大红峪组),说明钾质火山岩喷发的持续时间短,且与侵入串岭沟组的钠质岩脉同期(~1625Ma)。钾质火山岩和钠质岩脉的锆石Hf-O同位素组成相似:εHf(t)=-2~+4(正态分布峰值+0.6),δ^18O=4.5‰~7.7‰明显高于正常地幔锆石的值,钾质火山岩和钠质岩脉的母岩浆源自相同的富集地幔,源区受到高δ^18O物质的交代作用而富含钾质矿物,如角闪石或金云母。华北克拉通中-新元古代岩浆事件是伸展环境的产物,其锆石Hf同位素组成在~1.32Ga发生突变,由富集到亏损,暗示岩石圈地幔经历强烈的交代改造作用,可能成为检验地幔柱或者板块深俯冲驱动超大陆裂解机制的窗口。 相似文献
17.
作为最早被识别出的碱性岩石之一,煌斑岩因富含金和金刚石等矿产资源以及对理解深部地球动力学过程的重要作用而受到广泛重视,但是目前对于煌斑岩的成因还存在不同的认识。本文基于近年来对煌斑岩的研究成果,对它们的分类、特征以及岩石成因进行综述。根据国际地科联(IUGS)的分类标准,煌斑岩可以分为超镁铁质煌斑岩、钙碱性煌斑岩和碱性煌斑岩。研究发现,超镁铁质煌斑岩往往是伸展环境下岩浆作用的产物,与金伯利岩和碳酸岩有密切的成因关系;钙碱性煌斑岩通常发育在汇聚或被动大陆边缘环境,其岩石成因可能有多种机制(如基性岩浆的分异、岩浆混合以及交代富集地幔的部分熔融);碱性煌斑岩出露在离散型大陆边缘和板内构造环境,通常和碱性玄武质岩浆作用密切相关。不管岩石的形成环境和过程如何,超镁铁质煌斑岩、钙碱性煌斑岩和碱性煌斑岩被普遍认为是来自于经历了交代富集作用的地幔源区。最后,文章指出了煌斑岩研究过程中存在的一些科学问题,如富集的地幔源区存在的矿物相(金云母和角闪石)对产生钠质还是钾质岩浆的影响,控制岩浆在结晶过程中影响含水矿物斑晶形成的因素以及部分煌斑岩中碳酸岩球粒和钠长石的形成原因等。 相似文献
18.
Significance of Nb/Ta as an indicator of geochemical processes in the crust-mantle system 总被引：89，自引：0，他引：89
Trevor H. Green 《Chemical Geology》1995,120(3-4):347-359
A mantle value of 17.5 for Nb/Ta appears well established; less well established are crustal values of 11–12, although it appears that Nb/Ta for crustal-derived melts is less than mantle Nb/Ta, demonstrating fractionation of these two elements during crustal evolution, and suggesting that Nb/Ta variation may be indicative of a particular chemical process within the crust-mantle system.
Experimental studies on silicate and carbonatitic liquids at high pressure indicate that, although silicate minerals such as garnet, amphibole and clinopyroxene do fractionate Nb and Ta, the partition coefficients (D's) for both elements are very low. Thus involvement of these minerals may explain relatively small changes in Nb/Ta, but appears inadequate to explain the crust-mantle variation. However, high-quality data for Nb, Ta may be used to provide information on mantle melting or metasomatic processes (e.g., amphibole in the source region decreases Nb/Ta in derived melts, while carbonatitic metasomatism will increase Nb/Ta in affected mantle). Titanate minerals have high D's for Nb and Ta, and do fractionate these elements (e.g., DNb/DTa rutile/liquid of 0.5–0.8), and their involvement in crystal fractionation would increase Nb/Ta in derivative liquids. In contrast, DNb/DTa for rutile/fluid is 1.25, so that rocks affected by fluid equilibrated with residual rutile will show a decrease in Nb/Ta
Some Archaean gneisses appear to have high Nb/Ta, and may be a complementary component to that part of the crust which has a relatively low Nb/Ta, such as crustal-derived magmas (e.g., A- ad I-type granites and silicic volcanics). Within the crustal system pegmatites are known to have extremely high and variable Nb, Ta contents, often with low Nb/Ta. A fluid is generally considered to be involved in the generation of these rocks. Thus it is possible that fluid/melt partitioning may be the key to fractionating Nb and Ta, with preference for Ta in the fluid, and enrichment of Ta relative to Nb into the mid-upper crustal system, as the crust evolved, through upward movement of fluid. 相似文献
19.
The post-collisional late Hercynian Tanncherfi intrusive complex (TIC) is part of a widespread intrusive episode in the Moroccan Meseta. The complex contains a wide range of rock types, from monzogabbros to monzogranites. Two distinct magmatic series are recognized: (1) a potassic (shoshonitic) series consisting of monzogabbros, quartz monzonites and monzogranites; and (2) a sodic (granodioritic) series represented by quartz monzodiorites and granodiorites. All the Tanncherfi plutonic rocks display similar spider-diagram profiles, with LILE and LREE enrichment and Nb, Ta, Ti depletion, which are typical of subduction-related magmas. Combined major, trace element compositions and Sr, Nd isotopic results indicate that the two series have been derived from a LILE- and LREE-enriched continental lithospheric mantle source, under different partial melting and/or depth conditions. Intrusion of the Tanncherfi rocks was not temporally related to subduction and the enrichment of their source is likely to be linked to preceding subduction events. The two series evolved by fractional crystallization, of clinopyroxene, plagioclase, hornblende, biotite, K-feldspar and accessories (Fe–Ti oxide minerals, titanite, apatite and zircon) for the potassic series while the sodic series combined fractional crystallization with assimilation of felsic magmas with lower Sr isotopic ratio than the more mafic term of the series, the quartz monzodiorite. The intrusion of the potassic magmas (344±6 Ma) marks a major change in the tectonic regime of eastern Meseta. These magmas intruded during post-thickening uplift and extension, both probably favored by convective thinning of the lithosphere. This model provides a reasonable mechanism for the genesis of other Hercynian intrusive complexes in Morocco. 相似文献
20.
山东汤头盆地钾质及钠质火山岩的年代学与地球化学:对华北克拉通岩石圈减薄的启示 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
山东汤头盆地位于沂沭断裂带南段,盆地内广泛发育以粗安质岩石为主体的晚中生代火山岩,这套岩石主要可归为碱性系列,按化学组成可进一步区分为钾质和钠质二种类型。钾质火山岩的主要岩性为黑云母粗安质火山碎屑岩和潜火山岩,钠质火山岩主要为辉石粗安质潜火山岩,其中钾质火山岩是盆地内火山岩的主体。锆石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb定年获得钾质和钠质火山岩的成岩年龄分别为124.0±1.3Ma和106.4±4.0Ma,表明钠质火山岩较钾质火山岩形成晚。在化学组成上,钾质火山岩较钠质火山岩全碱含量更高,二者的K2O+Na2O含量分别为11.02%～11.37%和8.75%～8.93%。它们均富轻稀土和大离子亲石元素,但钾质火山岩较钠质火山岩稀土总量更高,且更富轻稀土,二者的∑REE值分别为360.1×10-6～417.0×10-6和232.3×10-6～291.0×10-6,(La/Yb)N比值分别为62.02～64.66和40.32～40.52。钾质火山岩的Cs、Rb、Ba、Th、U、Pb等大离子亲石元素和Zr、Hf等高场强元素均较钠质火山岩富集,但Sr、Ti的含量偏低。钾质与钠质火山岩均具有富集的Sr-Nd同位素组成特征,但钠质火山岩的ISr值偏低、而εNd(t)值偏高,二者的ISr和εNd(t)值分别为0.7107～0.7119和-15.48～-16.96,以及0.7098和-10.03。元素和Sr-Nd同位素组成的系统分析表明浅部地壳混染对火山岩地球化学特征未产生显著影响,二类火山岩地球化学特征的变异应主要受控于岩浆源区组成的不同,而不是岩浆演化过程的差异所致。二元混合模拟指示二类火山岩均最可能起源因华北克拉通下地壳拆沉而形成的富集地幔的熔融,但钠质火山岩源区含有较高比例的亏损软流圈地幔组分。根据对火山岩地质与地球化学特征的综合分析,表明郯庐断裂持续的引张促使岩石圈减薄,并诱发深部软流圈熔体上涌,这一上涌的软流圈熔体随后又与原先富集的岩石圈地幔混合,从而导致晚期的钠质火山岩源区中含有较高的亏损软流圈地幔组分。火山岩成分由钾质向钠质演化,是软流圈地幔上涌并置换原有岩石圈地幔,最终导致华北克拉通减薄的直接响应。 相似文献