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通过对一日内兼有顺逆流的日平均含沙量计算方法的讨论，建议不论顺逆流中输沙量较小的一方占另一方的比例是多大，都采用绝对值法计算，方法合理，操作简便。 相似文献
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主流平均流速法是通过实测主槽部分断面面积的主流区内3－5条垂线流速，计算出断面流量的一种测验方法，该方法的实施可有效缩短测流历时，能够完全整地控制洪水过程呼水位流量关系的转折变化。以具有代表性的范围口水文站为例，探讨了主流平均流速法在黄河下游宽浅河道断面洪水测验中应用的可行性。 相似文献
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龙羊峡、刘家峡水库日平均入库流量的预报张孟春（西北电力调度通信局）１问题的提出龙羊峡、刘家峡水库担负着电站本身与黄河上游梯级电站及兰州市的防洪任务，设计部门对龙羊峡、刘家峡两库的防洪联合调度作了专题研究，并总结出一套采用日平均人库流量和另一水库要素双... 相似文献
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以流量和含沙量在时段内呈线性变化，而输沙率应是二次函数为出发点，用积分的方法推导出时段平均输沙率的计算公式，认为采用这套公式计算日平均输沙率和日平均小于某粒径沙重百分数是合理和实用的。可以提高成果的准确性。 相似文献
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冰期日平均流量的计算问题,是规范明确提出要解决的问题之一。我们于1972～1980年先后在我省9个不同类型的水文站上,对有日变化的冰期流量的测流代表性时间进行了试验,通过分析初步获得了各站日平均流量的代表性测流时间,从而减少了冰期的测流工作量。本文拟以带岭水文站(集水面积660平方 相似文献
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基于MODIS LST产品估算青藏高原地区的日平均地表温度 总被引：6，自引：2，他引：4
地表温度是衡量地-气界面热状况的重要指标,在冻土制图、城市热岛效应等研究领域有重要应用.MODIS数据只提供了每日4次过境的瞬时温度值,而实际应用中往往需要日平均地表温度.对实测0cm温度数据进行分析后,发现其日变化曲线呈分段函数特性,白天按正弦曲线变化,夜间则呈线性下降.据此提出对白天和晚上的数据进行分段拟合的方案,并与已有的两种拟合方法作对比验证.地面验证工作包括两个方面:一是模拟的验证,按卫星过境时间从逐小时的实测0cm数据中挑出4个瞬时值,将上述拟合方法应用于这4个瞬时值,得到拟合的日平均温度,再同24h的算术平均值比较.结果表明:Sin-Linear法精度最高,平均误差在1K以内;其二是地面对MODIS的验证,将3种方法应用于MODIS数据,再与地面平均值比较,3种方法中Sin-Linear法误差最小,且具有最好的线性相关,R2超过0.9. 相似文献
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本文提出了分析时段平均流量偶然误差的相关系数法和直接计算法。前者利用生成的随机数组推求水位流量关系曲线各点误差间的相关系数,与曲线各点标准误差结合,估算时段流量误差。后者则用随机数组分别拟合曲线并推算时段流量,据以估算误差。本文还阐述了时段平均流量的系统误差问题。 相似文献
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随着梯级水库和水库群的建设,不仅需要单站的信息,而且需要流域内各站的综合信息,迫切需要发展多站的随机模拟模型。基于多变量分析理论提出了一种新的多站随机模拟方法。采用季节性自回归模型模拟主站的日流量序列,建立多维Copula函数描述主站和从站之间的时空相关性特征,依据Copula函数,生成从站的日流量序列。以长江上游为研究对象,建立了长江宜昌站、金沙江屏山站、岷江高场站、沱江李家湾站、嘉陵江北碚站和乌江武隆站的多站随机模拟模型,并与现有的主站法进行比较分析。结果表明,模拟与实测序列的统计特征值差别不大,模拟效果优于现有的主站法。 相似文献
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Guboglo M. N. 《GeoJournal》1980,4(1):53-58
International unity is becoming ever stronger in this country owing to an increasing similarity in the development of the cultural environment. This comprises the provision of all the country's republics with a sufficient number of schools, theatres, and other institutions and cultural information media in accordance with the needs of the population. An important part is played by the rise in ‘the general educational level, as well as the level of professional qualifications and skills. Among all the Soviet nations and nationalities, this rise being more rapid among formerly backward peoples. Prominent among the factors of internationalization is the progressive development of the nationalities’ cultural resources, while professional culture is being increasingly brought within the reach of the masses.The implementation of the nationalities policy promotes the all-round development of all Soviet nations and nationalities, their drawing together, the upsurge of the individual capabilities of every Soviet citizen. 相似文献
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Jiayu Rong Michael Melchin S. Henry Williams Tatyana N. Koren Jacques Verniers 《《幕》》2008,31(3):315-318
The Global Stratotype Section and Point （GSSP） for the base of the Silurian System was defined in 1985. Since that time, a number of researchers have suggested that this section has serious deficiencies for use as a GSSP. As a result, in 2000, the Subcommission on Silurian Stratigraphy （SSS） proposed undertaking a formal restu@ of this GSSP, which was subsequently approved by the International Commission of Stratigraphy （ICS）. The result of this restudy was the formal proposal that the current GSSP, at 1.6 m above the base of the Birkhill Shale, at Dob＇s Linn, Scotland, should be maintained as the same locality and stratigraphic level, but the bios- tratigraphical definition of the boundary should be revised. The previously defined, basal Silurian grapto- lite zone, the Parakidograptus acuminatus Zone, should be subdivided into a lower Akidograptus ascensus Zone and a higher E acuminatus Zone. The base of the A. ascensus Zone, marked by the first appearance of A. ascensus, should be regarded as the biostratigraphic mark for the base of the Silurian. This proposal has now been formally approved by the SSS and ICS, and ratified by International Union of Geological Sciences. This is the first GSSP to undergo formal restudy and redefini- tion, and the proposal also included a recommended procedure for restudy of GSSPs. 相似文献
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Deviation of the major axis of the inertia ellipsoid of the Moon from the direction toward the Earth
B. P. Kondratyev 《Astronomy Reports》2017,61(8):709-714
It is known from observations that the center of mass of the Moon does not coincide with the geometric center of its figure, and the line connecting these two centers is not aligned with the direction toward the center of the Earth, instead deviating toward the Southeast. This stationary deviation of the axis of the inertia ellipsoid of the Moon to the South of the direction toward the Earth is analyzed. A system of five linear differential equations describing the physical libration of the Moon in latitude is considered, and these equations are derived using a new vector method taking into account perturbations from the Earth and partly from the Sun. The characteristic equation of this system is obtained, and all five oscillation frequencies are found. Special attention is paid to the fifth (zero) frequency, for which the solution of the latitude libration equations are stationary and represents a previously unknown additional motion of the rotational axis of theMoon in a cone with a small opening angle. In contrast to the astronomical precession of the Earth, the rotation of the angular-velocity vector is in the positive direction (counter-clockwise), with the period T 3 = 27.32 days. On this basis, this phenomenon has been named “quasi-precession.” This quasi-precession leads to a stationary inclination of the major axis of the inertia ellipsoid of theMoon to the South (for an observer on Earth), making it possible to explain one component of the observed deviation of the center of mass of the Moon from the direction toward the Earth. The opening angle of the quasiprecession cone is approximately 0.834″. 相似文献
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东濮凹陷北部沙三中亚段广泛发育盐岩和烃源岩,这两个看似不能共存的物质却在这里互层共生。该时期研究区沉积特征为多盐韵律与多层烃源岩互层共生、连续沉积,单个盐韵律厚度从几米到十几米,烃源岩有机质丰度高、类型好。平面上,两者在湖盆沉积沉降中心共生;垂向上,高有机质丰度、好干酪根类型与高盐度地层具有较好的对应关系。因而成为恢复古气候和古环境的重要研究对象。通过岩石学、古生物学以及Sr/Ba、B/Ga、(V+Ni+Mn)、Fe/Mn、Sr/Cu、Mg/Ca、V/(V+Ni)、稀土元素含量和氯同位素等方法对凹陷北部沙三中亚段的沉积环境进行研究。结果表明,凹陷北部沙三中亚段为深水沉积的还原环境,古盐度较高,达到半咸水-咸水沉积;微量元素和孢粉化石特征表明研究区沙三中亚段为温暖潮湿的环境。 相似文献
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Important tendencies in development of the world mineral-resources sector at the beginning of the 21st century were an increase in production and consumption of mineral materials differentiated by types of metals and nonmetallic mineral raw materials, by countries and regions, as well as the concentration of the production of mineral raw materials in a small number of countries, and a reduction in industrial reserves of minerals in the world economy, even at the current stage of their extraction. These tendencies should be taken into account in working out a strategy for development of the Russian mineral raw-material base. 相似文献
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Fouad N. Ibrahim Dr. 《GeoJournal》1988,17(1):133-141
Taking the example of W Sudan, an analysis of the climatic incidents leading to the two recent famine disasters is made. On this natural background, the human side is investigated. Focus is directed towards the fragile economic structure of the famine-prone population groups. An early-warning system for famine in the Sahelian Zone is proposed taking grain production and storage, livestock development and the relationship between the prices of livestock and grain as major indicators. 相似文献
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郯庐断裂南段研究进展与断裂性质讨论 总被引：13，自引：3，他引：13
据1：5万区域地质调查和专题研究资料，就郯庐断裂带是否南延与消失的原因，其与大别—苏鲁造山带交截形成的假位错效应，以及与中新生代沉积盆地形成演化的关系等作了新的阐述。在此基础上，讨论了郯庐断裂带是否为巨大的左行平移断层或转换断层。认为郯庐断裂带可能是在“古郯庐带”的基础上于早侏罗世重新活动、白垩纪强烈活动的地堑型枢纽断裂带。 相似文献
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The Importance of the Precipitation and the Susceptibility of the Slopes for the Triggering of Landslides Along the Roads 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
Clemente Irigaray Francisco Lamas Rachid El Hamdouni Tomás Fernández José Chacón 《Natural Hazards》2000,21(1):65-81
In order to characterise the influence of the heavyrains on the observed landslides during the 1996–1997hydrological cycle, rainfall records for the last 100years are analysed from 104 stations in easternAndalusia. Regarding the amounts of rain recordedbetween October 1996 and March 1997 in the 104stations studied, 31 presented new all-time records;15 presented values that were 80–100% of thepre-1995 record; 49 stations, 80–50%; and 9stations, < 50%. A map has been devised of thesusceptibility of the materials through which thesouth-eastern Andalusian road network crosses,together with an inventory of the damage caused byinstability phenomena on banks and cuttings of theroad network during the winter of 1996–1997. Therelationships between the rainfall during the studyperiod, the damage caused to the road network and thesusceptibility of the materials affected are analysed.The results indicate that there is a clearcorrespondence between the rainfall recorded and thesusceptibility of the materials with the inventorieddamage. It is concluded that the widespread seriousdamage caused in early 1997 to the roads andsurrounding areas in the Alpujarra region and thecoast of the Province of Granada was mainly caused bythe extraordinarily heavy rains. However, considerablyless damage was observed where the susceptibility ofthe terrain is low, thus highlighting the extremeusefulness of terrain-susceptibility maps for riskprevention and territorial planning. 相似文献