共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 312 毫秒
1.
2.
本研究利用114个固定台站记录的121个远震事件,以钦杭结合带为中心,采用天然地震层析成像构建了华南东南部上地幔P波速度结构模型。研究结果表明：（1）钦杭结合带、武夷成矿带以及南岭成矿带的深部结构存在着差异,说明3个成矿带经历了不同的构造演化过程;（2）江绍断裂的上地幔中存在着低速异常,推测该低速异常为从地幔过渡带或者下地幔上涌的热物质,与钦杭结合带和武夷成矿带的成矿作用有着密切的关系;（3）下扬子地区上地幔底部的高速异常可能为拆沉的岩石圈,而华夏板块上地幔顶部的高速异常则有待进一步研究。本研究的结果为认识华南东南部的深部结构提供了新的证据。 相似文献
3.
南岭构造带横跨扬子地块、江南造山带以及华夏地块,是中国钨锡铅锌铀等有色金属和铌钽锂铯与稀土等关键金属成矿带.通过综述近十五年来的研究进展,总结了南岭构造带基础地质特征与成矿地质背景.扬子与华夏地块沿永州-桂林-柳州一线于新元古代拼合,但缺乏直接的地质证据,需对龙胜蛇绿混杂岩和鹰扬关混杂岩进行深入研究.新元古代至中生代花岗岩二阶段模式年龄TDM2值揭示2.0~1.2 Ga为南岭构造带的主要地壳增生期.相似的花岗岩特征和构造线方向指示广西期和印支期造山机制均为陆内造山作用,是华南大陆南侧不同板块之间拼贴远程应力场的产物.燕山早期花岗岩εHf(t)值沿南岭构造带自西向东显著减小,而TDM2值明显增加,指示湘南-桂北-粤北地区在晚侏罗世经历了古太平洋板块断离和软流圈上涌并发育强烈的壳幔相互作用,为南岭构造带东段华夏地块上钨锡等多金属成矿提供了成矿物质来源和有利的伸展构造背景.南岭构造带西段扬子地块构造相对稳定且显生宙岩浆活动较弱,新元古代大塘坡组和寒武系底部页岩是良好的页岩气勘探目标.综合沉积、岩浆以及构造变形,华南中生代特提斯构造域向古太平洋构造域转换开始于晚三叠世. 相似文献
4.
华夏地块中部宽频地震剖面深部速度结构研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
华夏地块处于欧亚板块、太平洋板块和菲律宾海板块相互作用的前沿。我国著名的南岭成矿带和武夷成矿带均位于华夏地块内。已有的研究认为,南岭和武夷的成矿作用可能与中生代晚期岩浆岩的底侵有关。为研究深部速度结构,本研究在2017年7月至2020年8月期间布设了一条横跨南岭成矿带与武夷成矿带的宽频地震测线。该测线共有81个流动台站组成,台站间距5-8 km,总长度约430 km。从连续波形中截取451个震级大于5.5级的远震事件波形,利用改进的互相关法直接从波形中计算得到7231条相对走时残差数据(误差小于0.1 s)。本研究采用远震走时层析成像方法反演相对走时残差数据,获得了高分辨率的速度结构。初步的成像结果表明:(1)华夏地块中部上地幔内存在一个明显的自西向东逐渐变深的低速异常体;(2)华夏地块岩石圈内速度结构具有很强的横向差异,且与断裂带分布存在一定的空间对应关系;(3)政和-大浦断裂带东侧下方200-300km处存在较明显的高速异常体。结合其它已有成果,本研究认为上地幔内的低速异常可能是上涌的软流圈热物质,抵达岩石圈底部引发岩石圈拆沉,可能继续沿深大断裂侵入地壳,形成金属矿藏;而拆沉的岩石圈冷物质下沉,所留痕迹即为软流圈内的高速异常体。 相似文献
5.
长江中下游成矿带及邻区地壳结构——MASH成矿过程的P波接收函数成像证据？ 总被引：12，自引：0，他引：12
利用长江中下游成矿带多学科深部探测剖面于2009年11月至2011年3月间采集的天然地震数据,通过天然地震接收函数成像等分析研究,得到了研究区地壳和上地幔结构的清晰图像。接收函数成像结果显示研究区内Moho面深度存在着明显的起伏变化,在长江中下游成矿带(指剖面穿过的长江中下游成矿带宁芜矿集区,下同)下方存在着"幔隆构造"。在剖面东南端(即扬子克拉通北缘),Moho面相对稳定,深度约为30km;在茅山和江南断裂附近,Moho面存在上下起伏现象;在剖面中部或宁芜矿集区下方,Moho面存在明显隆起,深度只有28km;在郯庐断裂带下方,Moho面明显加深,深度达到36km;进一步向北到华北地台南缘,Moho面深度逐渐恢复到了32km左右的平均深度水平。其次,我们在接收函数成像结果中发现,长江中下游成矿带与其周边下地壳结构存在着明显的差异,成矿带的下地壳具有显著的地震波方位各向异性。扬子克拉通北缘的下地壳呈高速的近水平状结构,地震波各向异性特征不明显;与此相比,长江中下游成矿带的下地壳虽然也呈近水平状结构特征,但是,对于沿成矿带走向方向传播的地震波,其下地壳具有高速特征,而对于垂直于成矿带走向方向上传播的地震波,其下地壳却又表现为低速特征,这意味着成矿带的下地壳存在着平行于成矿带走向(即近北东—南西)方向的地震波各向异性,我们解释其是下地壳熔融并沿成矿带走向水平流动导致矿物晶体定向排列的结果。最后,在郯庐断裂以西的华北地台南缘观测到一条从上地壳延伸到中下地壳的南南东向倾斜的转换震相,我们推测它可能是合肥盆地内地壳伸展构造的反映。此外,我们发现接收函数成像结果中观测到的"幔隆构造"与远震P波层析成像结果在成矿带下方150km深度上显示的上地幔低速异常(江国明等,另文发表)存在着良好的对应关系,我们解释它们是软流圈物质上涌的遗迹。综合天然地震接收函数成像、远震P波层析成像和前人关于岩浆岩等方面的研究成果,我们认为长江中下游成矿带现今的下地壳可能是中生代发生成矿作用的多级岩浆房系统的一部分,成矿带的形成可能是类似MASH过程的产物。首先,软流圈物质上涌导致了长江中下游成矿带及其周边拉张环境的形成,在其上部地壳中形成了一系列伸展构造;然后,软流圈物质通过底侵进入长江中下游成矿带的原下地壳并与原下地壳物质发生同化作用,形成类埃达克质岩浆;接着,类埃达克质岩浆沿着伸展、拆离构造上升到地壳浅部形成不同层次的岩浆房和侵入岩体,并与围岩作用形成矿床。 相似文献
6.
The South China Block (SCB) consists of the Yangtze and Cathaysia Blocks which, in the northeast, are separated from each other by the Jiangnan Orogen. The southward continuation of the Jiangnan Orogen into the Youjiang Basin remains much debated. Here, we present detailed petrological, chemical and isotope evidence from the Late Jurassic (~159 Ma) Yangtun and Liuliang high-Mg andesites (HMA), eastern Youjiang Basin, to place important constraints on an ancient subduction event. These HMA are enriched in large ion lithophile elements and depleted in Nb-Ta-Ti, with negative whole-rock εNd(t) and zircon εHf(t) values, similar to Neoproterozoic high-Mg rocks that occur in the eastern Yangtze Block. Considering the distance of our study areas to penecontemporaneous Pacific or Tethyan trenches, we infer that these HMA derived from a metasomatised lithospheric mantle preserved beneath the eastern Yangtze Block, which was associated with a Neoproterozoic subduction event. The Late Jurassic HMA in the eastern Youjiang Basin provide potential clues for the southward continuation of the Jiangnan Orogen into the basin. 相似文献
7.
新疆天山石炭—二叠纪大规模岩浆成矿事件与形成机制探讨 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
天山地质构造演化复杂,多阶段演化中岩浆活动与成矿作用规模并不均衡。而石炭-二叠纪却是天山成矿带大规模岩浆活动和金属成矿作用的"爆发"期。本研究紧紧围绕岩浆铜镍矿床、斑岩型铜(钼)矿床及火山岩型磁铁矿矿床,从含矿岩体的岩浆起源、岩浆演化及成矿特点,系统研究地球深部相应岩浆活动的地质过程。通过典型矿床的深入剖析,建立相应矿床类型的成矿模式,破解制约找矿突破的控制因素,系统阐述了板块构造与地幔柱体制叠加并存的地质特征与成矿表现。联系塔里木地幔柱的活动特点和成矿表现,将其与天山造山带三类主要矿床类型建立关联,对比岩石学、年代学及地球化学研究,发现天山成矿带成矿类型与塔里木地幔柱及板块构造存有密切关系,可能是两种构造体制叠加并存的结果。塔里木克拉通深部熔融的地幔物质,围绕刚性塔里木克拉通边缘不断上涌,并与表壳物质发生交换,随着板块俯冲的持续和减弱,深部上涌的地幔物质不断加强,先后形成因深部地幔物质多寡而金属聚集的不同矿床类型。该地幔柱形成时深部过程与成矿作用认识模型的建立,极大地推进了板块构造、地幔柱与岩浆成矿作用的研究,同时可为天山及邻区找矿突破提供借鉴和指导。 相似文献
8.
ZHENG Hongwei LI Tingdong HE Rizheng YANG Hui NIU Xiao ZOU Changqiao 《《地质学报》英文版》2020,94(4):1159-1166
To better understand the lithosphere mantle collision tectonics between the India plate and Asia plate, we determine three dimensional P wave velocity structure beneath western Tibet using 27,439 arrival times from 2,174 teleseismic events recorded by 182 stations of Hi-CLIMB Project and 16 stations in the north of Hi-CLMB. Our tomographic images show the velocity structure significantly difference beneath northern and southern Qiangtang, which can further prove that the Longmu Co-Shuanghu ophiolitic belt is a significant tectonic boundary fault zone. There are two prominent high velocity anomalies and two prominent low velocity anomalies in our images. One obvious high velocity anomalies subduct beneath the Tibet at the long distance near 34°N, whereas it is broke off by an obvious low velocity anomaly under the IYS. We interpret them as northward subducting Indian lithosphere mantle and the low velocity anomanly under IYS likely reflects mantle material upwelling triggered by tearing of the northward subduction Indian lithosphere. The other prominent high velocity anomaly was imaged at a depth from 50 km to 200 km horizontal and up to the northern Qiangtang with its southern edge extending to about 34°N through Hoh Xil block. We infer it as the southward subducting Asia lithosphere mantle. The other widely low velocity anomaly beneath the Qiangtang block lies in the gap between the frontier of India plate and Asia plate, where is the channel of mantle material upwelling. 相似文献
9.
扬子与华北板块在三叠纪的俯冲碰撞形成了著名的苏鲁超高压造山带，其板块碰撞接触关系一直是热点问题.利用国家台网中心64个省台记录的1 079个近震事件的10 922个P波到时和251个远震事件的11 931个P波到时数据，采用远近震联合反演的层析成像方法对苏鲁地区进行了地壳上地幔速度结构反演.结果显示，研究区内两个低速异常区分别对应山东半岛西部的华北板块地幔上隆区和壳幔相互作用强烈的长江中下游成矿带地区.在地幔300 km深度之下出现的高速异常体可能代表了早中生代扬子与华北板块碰撞之前俯冲拆沉的古特提斯洋板块.传统观点的扬子板块岩石圈向北俯冲不明显，华北板块表现为向东南俯冲的高速特征.华北板块俯冲以苏鲁造山带中部的北纬35°为界，分为南北两种俯冲样式.北部俯冲不明显，华北板块停滞在郯庐断裂带以西；南部则表现华北板块向东南陡倾俯冲到苏鲁造山带之下. 相似文献
10.
Seismic tomography studies reveal distinct velocity and VP/VS anomalies in the mantle transition zone (MTZ) beneath the Yangtze Craton and Cathaysia Block in southeastern China. The anomalies under the Yangtze Craton are characterized by high velocity (both VP and VS) and low VP/VS ratio, while those beneath the Cathaysia Block are characterized by low velocity (especially VS) and high VP/VS ratio. Here, we conduct analyses of phase relations and thermoelasticity to model the effects of thermal and chemical homogeneities in the MTZ, by taking advantage of recent simultaneous VP and VS seismic tomography results under southeastern China. We attempt to quantify the seismic tomography results and examine the effects of temperature, chemical composition, and water (or protonization) on velocity anomalies in the deep mantle. We find VP/VS to be a powerful parameter in distinguishing the various effects of temperature, chemical composition, and protonization. We conclude that an ancient stagnated oceanic slab is most likely the main cause of the observed fast velocity and low VP/VS anomalies in the MTZ under the Yangtze Craton. This ancient slab material is most likely a product of paleo Pacific subduction around 100–125 Ma ago, when the oceanic plate abruptly changed its direction of motion. Such an event has been shown to be closely related to the magmatic activities around eastern China, the ultrahigh-pressure metamorphism zone between the Yangtze Craton and the North China Craton, and the destruction of the lower crust of the North China Craton. The anomalies under the Cathaysia Block, on the other hand, are likely due to dehydration-induced partial melting of subducted Pacific slab materials. Here the large low VS anomaly in MTZ coincides with the extensive Mesozoic to Cenozoic igneous features on the surface, suggesting a state with lower viscosities in the upper mantle. Dehydration-induced partial melting in MTZ may have also promoted deformation of the South China fold belt. Our results suggest that these lithospheric processes are directly related to the tectonic interaction between the oceanic and continental plates in southeastern China and that a better understanding of past deep mantle dynamic processes may place important constraints on the evolution of the cratons in China. 相似文献
11.
地形地貌与区域地质构造分析揭示,龙门山一带上地壳的汇聚作用表现为松潘－甘孜块体东缘的褶皱拱曲与扬子克拉通西缘的高角度叠瓦状冲断,近地表形成了一个巨大的北东向展布的拱曲冲断构造带。松潘－甘孜块体东缘的拱起预示着可能有来自深部的顶托。人工地震测深得到的地壳P波速度结构剖面也揭示,松潘－甘孜块体东缘上地壳普遍有较大范围的拱起,上地壳底部的低速层也同步抬升,其隆起范围与近地表的拱曲冲断带比较一致,说明很可能存在来自中下地壳的上拱作用。面波层析成像揭示松潘－甘孜块体与扬子克拉通具有截然不同的壳幔结构,扬子克拉通速度较高,且不存在低速夹层; 而松潘－甘孜块体速度偏低,地壳明显增厚,且下地壳及地幔上部存在S波低速层,地幔低速层上涌至壳幔过渡带,甚至侵入四川盆地之下,且上涌的范围与地表拱曲冲断带恰巧吻合,推测地幔盖层与下地壳塑性软弱物质的局部上涌促成了上地壳的拱曲。2008年汶川8.0级地震发生在拱曲冲断带中段,最大同震位移场位于龙门山拱曲冲断带及四川盆地西缘,揭示松潘－甘孜块体东缘的拱曲与扬子克拉通西缘的冲断共同受制于两大块体最新的汇聚作用。认为龙门山拱曲冲断构造带是陆内汇聚与壳幔通道流上涌联合作用的结果。爆破地震测深与地震层析成像不显示陆内俯冲图像,两大地块之间中地壳以下似为一近直立的汇聚带,这一构造格架将物质迁移主要限于垂向上,有利于龙门山保持大地形高差,而四川盆地一侧则因难以形成大的构造负载,前陆凹陷作用不显著。 相似文献
12.
《地学前缘(英文版)》2023,14(3):101536
The South China Block (SCB) is among the large-scale W-Sn mineralized regions of the globe. The Laojunshan W-Sn-dominant ore area (LOA) in the western part of the SCB preserves the records of the tectonic history of the Tethys realm extending through North Vietnam, and Yangtze to Cathaysia blocks, with coeval formation of giant metallic deposits. The prolonged tectonic activities and their control on the genesis and spatio-temporal distribution of giant metallic deposits in the LOA provide a window for a holistic understanding of the tectono-metallogenesis of the SCB. In this study, we present results from a multi-chronologic study to determine the timing of formation of the cassiterite-wolframite-scheelite mineralization. The results suggest three distinct tectono-metallogenic periods in the LOA during the geodynamic evolution of the surrounding tectonic units. The opening of the Proto-Tethys Ocean between the Yangtze-Indochina blocks and the westward Paleo-Pacific subduction beneath the Cathaysia block (420–380 Ma) jointly contributed to the Silurian to early Devonian intracontinental orogeny in the middle of the SCB that involved top-to-the-north thrusting along NE-striking shear zones. This event generated the Dulong-Song Chay granitoids, together with the formation of Xinzhai Sn deposit related to sheared mylonitic granites (ca. 419 Ma) and pegmatites (ca. 389 Ma), which include the early-stage Sn-sulfide skarn (ca. 418 Ma) and the late-stage Sn-bearing schist (ca. 389 Ma). During the Late Permian to Late Triassic (260–220 Ma), with the closure of the Proto-Tethys oceans in the west and ongoing Paleo-Pacific westward subduction in the east, the SCB and Indochina Block (IB) were amalgamated which also marks the time of formation of the Nanwenhe scheelite skarn deposit. The subducted Paleo-Tethys oceanic crust was likely entrained by the nearby rising Emeishan mantle plume (270–259 Ma), which formed the Maguan diabase (ca. 260 Ma) that shows significantly older Re-Os model age of ca. 268 Ma, suggesting that the Nanwenhe mineralization is potentially derived from ca. 260 Ma source. Furthermore, the intraplate shortening induced thin skinned crustal deformation and low grade metamorphism (ca. 230 Ma), with the main stage of scheelite-Sn-Mo mineralization (229.9, 229.8 and 219 Ma) and contemporary formation of the pegmatite (230.7 Ma). The Late Cretaceous involved two episodes of alternate extension and shortening, driven by the subduction polarity change from northwestward subduction of the Okhotomorsk block to northward subduction of the NeoTethys seafloor. The evolution of the LOA consists of the NW–SE transpression ending ca. 100 Ma, the WNW–ESE extension in the earlier episode lasting from 100 Ma to 86 Ma, the WNW–ESE transpression beginning at ca. 85 Ma and the NS extension in the later episode during the latest Cretaceous, which produced the extension-related three periods of Laojunshan granitic magmatism and coeval Sn-W mineralization, with ages in the range of 90–89 Ma, 87–85 Ma and 83–79 Ma. We also evaluate the implications of magmatic-metamorphic-metallogenic degassing on the regional paleoclimatic history. 相似文献
13.
LI Dahu LIAO Hu DING Zhifeng ZHAN Yan WU Pingping XU Xiaoming ZHENG Chen 《《地质学报》英文版》2018,92(1):16-33
The special seismic tectonic environment and frequent seismicity in the southeastern margin of the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau show that this area is an ideal location to study the present tectonic movement and background of strong earthquakes in mainland China and to predict future strong earthquake risk zones. Studies of the structural environment and physical characteristics of the deep structure in this area are helpful to explore deep dynamic effects and deformation field characteristics, to strengthen our understanding of the roles of anisotropy and tectonic deformation and to study the deep tectonic background of the seismic origin of the block's interior. In this paper, the three-dimensional(3D) P-wave velocity structure of the crust and upper mantle under the southeastern margin of the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau is obtained via observational data from 224 permanent seismic stations in the regional digital seismic network of Yunnan and Sichuan Provinces and from 356 mobile China seismic arrays in the southern section of the north–south seismic belt using a joint inversion method of the regional earthquake and teleseismic data. The results indicate that the spatial distribution of the P-wave velocity anomalies in the shallow upper crust is closely related to the surface geological structure, terrain and lithology. Baoxing and Kangding, with their basic volcanic rocks and volcanic clastic rocks, present obvious high-velocity anomalies. The Chengdu Basin shows low-velocity anomalies associated with the Quaternary sediments. The Xichang Mesozoic Basin and the Butuo Basin are characterised by lowvelocity anomalies related to very thick sedimentary layers. The upper and middle crust beneath the Chuan–Dian and Songpan–Ganzi Blocks has apparent lateral heterogeneities, including low-velocity zones of different sizes. There is a large range of low-velocity layers in the Songpan–Ganzi Block and the sub–block northwest of Sichuan Province, showing that the middle and lower crust is relatively weak. The Sichuan Basin, which is located in the western margin of the Yangtze platform, shows high-velocity characteristics. The results also reveal that there are continuous low-velocity layer distributions in the middle and lower crust of the Daliangshan Block and that the distribution direction of the low-velocity anomaly is nearly SN, which is consistent with the trend of the Daliangshan fault. The existence of the low-velocity layer in the crust also provides a deep source for the deep dynamic deformation and seismic activity of the Daliangshan Block and its boundary faults. The results of the 3D P-wave velocity structure show that an anomalous distribution of high-density, strong-magnetic and high-wave velocity exists inside the crust in the Panxi region. This is likely related to late Paleozoic mantle plume activity that led to a large number of mafic and ultra-mafic intrusions into the crust. In the crustal doming process, the massive intrusion of mantle-derived material enhanced the mechanical strength of the crustal medium. The P-wave velocity structure also revealed that the upper mantle contains a low-velocity layer at a depth of 80–120 km in the Panxi region. The existence of deep faults in the Panxi region, which provide conditions for transporting mantle thermal material into the crust, is the deep tectonic background forthe area's strong earthquake activity. 相似文献
14.
长江中下游成矿带及邻区地壳速度结构：来自利辛-宜兴宽角地震资料的约束 总被引：13，自引：4，他引：9
为了理解长江中下游地区在中生代成矿的深部动力学过程,Sinoprobe-03-02项目于2011年9月至10月,在跨宁芜矿集区和郯庐断裂带实施了从安徽利辛至江苏宜兴450km长的宽角反射/折射地震剖面。速度剖面结果显示,Moho面深度和地壳速度结构在郯庐断裂两侧东西方向存在明显的差异:(1)在东部扬子块体内部,地壳覆盖层厚3~5km,西部的合肥盆地下方,则达到4~7km。(2)剖面平均Moho面深度为30~32km左右,在郯庐断裂下方,Moho面深度在35km左右;在宁芜矿集区下方,Moho面整体深度偏浅,达30~31km左右,但局部范围内,Moho面深度至34km左右。(3)剖面的下地壳平均速度在6.5~6.6km/s左右,在宁芜矿集区下方,下地壳速度偏低,为6.4~6.5km/s左右。剖面上地幔顶部的速度结构平均在8.0~8.2km/s。在宁芜矿集区下方,速度偏低,为7.9~8.1km/s左右。(4)郯庐断裂带的下方,从地表开始,还存在20多千米长的低速异常带,一直延伸到Moho面附近。剖面的宁芜矿集区下方Moho面上隆、下地壳及上地幔的低速异常等壳幔结构特征,预示下地壳不以榴辉岩残体为主,支持燕山期地幔岩浆的上涌和侵入并成矿,是热上涌物质的源地。 相似文献
15.
新疆北部晚古生代地质构造演化复杂,岩浆作用形式多样,造就了大规模的成矿作用。本研究紧紧围绕岩浆铜镍矿床、斑岩型铜(钼)矿床及火山岩型磁铁矿矿床,从含矿岩体的岩浆起源、岩浆演化及成矿特点,系统研究深部相应岩浆活动的地质过程。通过典型矿床的深入剖析,建立相应矿床类型的成矿模式,破解制约找矿突破的控制因素,系统阐述了板块构造与地幔柱体制叠加并存的地质特征与成矿表现。鉴于塔里木地幔柱的活动特点和成矿表现,将其与新疆北部三类主要矿床类型建立关联,对比岩石学、年代学及地球化学特点,发现其成矿类型与塔里木地幔柱及板块构造存有密切关系,可能是两种构造体制叠加并存的结果。塔里木克拉通深部熔融的地幔物质,围绕刚性塔里木克拉通边缘不断上涌,并与表壳物质发生交换,随着俯冲板块的持续和减弱,深部上涌的地幔物质不断加强,先后形成因深部地幔物质多寡而金属聚集的不同矿床类型。 相似文献
16.
大陆再造与钦杭带北东段多期铜金成矿作用 总被引：6，自引：3，他引：3
大陆再造与铜金成矿系统的研究是当前国际矿床学前沿领域。钦杭成矿带是我国21个重点成矿区带之一,也是扬子与华夏地块的拼贴带。近年,对钦杭带北东段一系列铜金矿床的系统研究表明,成矿作用与富铜金大陆地壳形成和随后的多期再造过程密切相关。晚中元古代-早新元古代,在被动大陆边缘的伸展环境,软流圈地幔部分熔融形成铁砂街岩群细碧岩和VMS型铁砂街铜矿。之后新元古代的洋壳俯冲,岛弧环境的俯冲板片部分熔融形成双溪坞岩群岛弧火山岩和VMS型平水矿铜矿体,其成矿流体主要来自于深循环海水,成矿物质主要来自于平水组幔源火山岩。随后发生的扬子与华夏地块的陆陆碰撞造山作用,新元古代双桥山群基底地层发生强烈再造,形成了受韧性剪切带控制的金山造山型金矿,富CO2变质流体的不混溶作用是金富集沉淀的最重要机制。早古生代,华南陆内造山作用导致新元古代双溪坞岩群和陈蔡岩群发生再造,形成了早古生代韧性剪切带及相应的造山型金矿(璜山、平水金矿等),金的富集沉淀与富CO2变质流体的演化密切相关。韧性剪切带及特征的富CO2变质流体,可以作为加里东期造山型金矿的找矿标志。晚中生代,古太平洋板块开始向华南大陆东南缘俯冲,位于华南内陆的德兴地区受到俯冲作用远程效应,导致德兴地区新元古代富铜金新生地壳部分熔融,形成低镁埃达克质岩及与其相关的银山和建德铜金多金属矿床,当部分熔融过程受到岩石圈地幔影响,则形成高镁埃达克质花岗闪长斑岩及超大型德兴斑岩铜矿。因此,钦杭成矿带北东段先后发生晚中元古-新元古代、早古生代和晚中生代多期铜金成矿。新元古代江南造山事件和稍早的板内岩浆作用形成了富铜金的新生地壳,为钦杭带北东段多期铜金成矿作用以及燕山期金属巨量堆积奠定了丰厚的物质基础,是该成矿带产出的关键控制要素。新元古代富铜金大陆再造是大型、超大型铜金矿床形成的一种重要机制。 相似文献
17.
中国东南地区地质演化复杂,中—新生代构造变形强烈,岩石圈深部热力学状态及其对构造活动的影响有待深入。文章结合最新的大地热流数据与地壳结构Crust 1.0模型,利用稳态热传导方程,以岩石捕虏体温压数据和地震学观测为约束,构建了华南地区扬子克拉通、华夏地块以及南海北缘等不同单元的岩石圈热结构。结果表明该区岩石圈热结构存在强烈的不均一性：除了上扬子地区（四川盆地）为“温壳温幔”的热结构,华南其他大部分地区都表现为“热壳热幔”的特征;同一深度下,华夏地块与南海北缘的深部温度显著高于扬子克拉通;热岩石圈厚度从克拉通内部向沿海地区（NWSE）逐渐降低,也即由四川盆地的~200 km减少到华夏地块的~110 km,再到南海的~70 km。此外,我们还发现陆内地震的分布与岩石圈温度密切相关,地震活动集中分布于600℃等温线以内。总体而言,扬子克拉通中西部岩石圈热结构具有冷而厚的特征,而华夏地块和南海北缘受古太平洋平板俯冲和新生代大陆边缘构造—岩浆作用的改造,表现为热且薄的特征,岩石圈的热弱化进而加速了华南大陆边缘的裂解及随后的南海扩张过程。 相似文献
18.
Continental China is a mosaic of numerous tectonic blocks, which amalgamated from Neoarchean to Cenozoic broadly coeval with the cycles of global supercontinents such as Kenorland, Columbia, Rodinia, Gondwana, and Pangaea. By reviewing the long-lasting geological evolution in the different tectonic blocks, it reveals that more than two episodes of tectonic events, including accretionary and collisional orogeny, and dismantling, as well as mantle plume, occurred successively or simultaneously within a single tectonic belt. This is called superimposed orogeny in this study. Examples of the dominant types of superimposed orogeny in China include: (1) Cenozoic continental collision superimposed on Paleo- to Mesozoic accretionary orogeny in the Tibet and Sanjiang orogenic belts; (2) Reactivation of Paleozoic accretionary orogen in later Mesozoic oceanic subduction in the eastern part of Qinling–Qilian–Kunlun and Central Asian orogenic belts; (3) Mesozoic oceanic subduction under the paleo-suture in the South China Block; (4) Mesozoic demantling along the Paleo- and Neoproterozoic, and Paleozoic sutures in the eastern part of North China Craton; and (5) mantle plume rising through metasomatized lithospheric mantle or stagnant oceanic slab in the Emeishan large igneous province. A comprehensive review of the spatial-temporal distribution of ore deposits and their salient features shows that the superimposed orogeny has exerted significant control on metallogeny in China. The giant porphyry and skarnore deposits, as well as orogenic gold deposits were preferentially formed along previous tectonic suture, craton margin, and arc during later orogenesis due to the remobilization of previously enriched metals. Superimposed orogeny has reworked the lithospheric structure with concomitant granitoid-associated metallogeny. The mixing of magmas from juvenile lower crust, ancient lower crust, and middle crust, which tends to induce the different mineralization of Cu–Au, Mo, and Pb–Zn–W–Sn deposits respectively, was considered to generate a wide variety of combinations of metal species. The superimposed orogeny caused the overlapping of diverse genetic types of deposit formed in different tectonic periods in the same tectono-metallogenic belt. The stratiform ore deposit, including BIF, VMS, SEDEX, or sedimentary sulfide layers, formed from Neoarchean to Paleozoic, were modified by later mineralization, resulting in the enrichment of the various metal species and enhancement of ore resources. This study brings up the concept of composite metallogenic system to summarize the regional metallogeny driven by superimposed orogeny. The composite metallogenic system was dominantly characterized by the multi-episodic and diverse mineralization concomitant with one or more features, including mineralization evolved from the previous metal enrichment, later overlapping or modification on previous ore belt, and diversifying of metal species derived from reworked lithosphere. 相似文献
19.
长江中下游地区成矿深部动力学机制：远震层析成像证据 总被引：11，自引：5，他引：6
长江中下游成矿带是我国东部重要的矿产资源基地。前人研究认为该地区的成矿作用与中生代大规模岩浆活动密切相关,但关于成矿的深部动力学机制仍存在着分歧。本研究利用远震层析成像方法获得了研究区下方整个上地幔内的三维速度结构,采取以下措施:(1)46个固定台站和67个流动台站记录的678个远震事件的17000余条P波波形;(2)利用改进的多道互相关技术直接从波形数据中提取相对走时残差信息,提高了数据处理的精度和效率;(3)地壳校正消除地壳不均匀性的影响;(4)检测板测试最佳网格间隔,水平方向为0.5°×0.5°,垂向为50~100km,从而可以保证结果的可靠性。最终的层析成像结果表明成矿带地区下方的上地幔内存在"两高一低"的速度异常体,浅部的高速体可解释为现存的岩石圈,深部的高速体则为拆沉的岩石圈,而夹在中间的低速体为上涌的软流圈热物质发源地。我们的成像结果为成矿的拆沉模式提供了有力支持。该模式认为岩石圈的拆沉导致软流圈物质减压熔融,底侵在壳幔边界,最终爆发大规模岩浆活动和成矿作用。结果清楚地显示出拆沉的岩石圈已经下沉至上地幔底部,而且在其上方存在着明显的软流圈热物质。此外,成像结果还显示出深部的高、低速体的走向与成矿带走向基本一致,并且由南至北逐渐变浅。这些特征与成矿带的成矿阶段密切相关。但遗憾的是,成像结果无法提供软流圈物质起源的信息,有待今后进一步研究。 相似文献
20.
以深部地球物理资料为基础,结合大地构造环境、岩浆岩同位素示踪及矿产资源分布规律,加以综合分析.通过热力学计算可知,中国东部近2亿年来的上地幔岩石圈/软流圈构造可以存留至今,且能区分出中、新生代.软流圈上涌与矿集区:(1)中生代金属矿:(a)克拉通区,软流圈沿柱身上涌,其柱头上方形成幔壳混熔花岗质岩及相应Au、Cu、Mo、Pb-Zn等矿集区,并于柱身与岩石圈块体陡接触带,形成中基性杂岩及相应富Fe矿集区;(b)褶皱带区,在软流圈上涌柱上方形成近幔源型花岗质岩,相应为Cu、Au、Pb-Zn、Mo、Ag矿集区;(c)南岭带,软流圈层在适当深度、热量充足、较大范围内"平卧",因热传导而致使地壳内物质部分重熔,形成壳源型花岗质岩及相应的W、Sn、稀有元素矿集区;(2)新生代油气田:(a)与太平洋板块俯冲有关的软流圈上涌,其上方出露玄武岩,形成较大型油田;(b)与裂陷盆地有关的软流圈上涌,其上方形成大型油田,也有中小型油田.软流圈上涌与大地构造:中生代J-K时期,通过构造力特征等的综合分析,阐明燕山运动的根源及其影响;新生代侧重剖析大陆裂谷相关特征.总之,软流圈上涌是岩石圈减薄,以及中、新生代构造-岩浆-矿集区形成的根源. 相似文献