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1.
胶西北寺庄金矿床热液蚀变作用 总被引：5，自引：3，他引：2
胶东是我国最重要的金矿集区,其中"焦家式"破碎带蚀变岩型金矿是区内最重要的金矿床类型。寺庄金矿床位于胶东金矿集区焦家金矿田南部,是典型的"焦家式"金矿,沿NE向焦家断裂发育大规模的热液蚀变带,金矿体均产于这些蚀变带内。热液蚀变空间分带明显,距离焦家断裂由近到远向下盘依次发育黄铁绢英岩化、绢英岩化、钾长石化蚀变带。时间上,钾长石化为成矿前蚀变,绢英岩化和黄铁绢英岩化叠加在钾长石化蚀变之上,为成矿期蚀变,伴随金矿化。质量平衡计算表明:钾长石化过程,主量元素SiO_2、Al_2O_3、Fe_2O_3、FeO、MgO、CaO、Na_2O、P_2O_5,成矿元素Au、Ag,亲铜元素As、Hg、Sb、Bi和稀土元素均从玲珑黑云母花岗岩中迁出;而K_2O、MnO和Cu从流体中迁入玲珑黑云母花岗岩。绢英岩化和黄铁绢英岩化过程元素迁移行为高度相似,主量元素SiO_2、Fe_2O_3、FeO、MgO、CaO、K_2O、MnO,成矿元素Au、Ag,亲铜元素As、Hg、Cu、Sb、Bi和轻稀土元素均从流体中迁入钾长石化花岗岩,而主量元素Al_2O_3、Na_2O和重稀土元素均从钾长石化花岗岩中迁出。二长石温度计估算钾长石化蚀变形成的温度约为392～449℃。玲珑黑云母花岗岩(δEu=1.45)和钾长石化花岗岩(δEu=1.38)具有明显的Eu正异常,绢英岩(δEu=0.97)和黄铁绢英岩(δEu=0.93)具有轻微的Eu负异常,指示钾长石化发生于相对氧化环境下,而绢英岩化和黄铁绢英岩化发生于相对还原环境下。综合分析表明,成矿前高温、氧化、碱性流体作用于玲珑黑云母花岗岩形成大范围面状钾长石化蚀变;成矿期中低温、还原、弱酸性的流体与钾长石化花岗岩发生水岩反应,形成绢英岩化和黄铁绢英岩化,在此过程中硫化作用引起金硫络合物分解,导致金沉淀富集成矿。 相似文献
2.
闽北浦城羊角尾萤石矿产于侏罗系梨山组火山碎屑岩中的断裂破碎带内, 对其地质矿产特征和矿石、围岩及矿区内黑云母正长花岗岩的岩石地球化学特征进行了研究。羊角尾萤石矿矿石∑REE为65.17×10–6～125.87×10–6, 重稀土相对富集, δEu和δCe无明显异常; Ni、Cd、Pb和As等中低温微量元素相对地壳富集。围岩梨山组火山碎屑岩轻重稀土分馏不明显, Eu负异常明显, Sm/Nd值与萤石接近, 微量元素相对地壳的含量曲线趋势与萤石基本一致。黑云母正长花岗岩则显示轻稀土富集、重稀土亏损, Eu正异常和Ce负异常的特征, Sm/Nd值远小于萤石矿。结合稀土微量元素特征及矿床成因判别图解, 认为羊角尾萤石矿的主要成矿物质来源为梨山组火山碎屑岩。成矿流体在形成后经历了长期的演化, 在此过程中与围岩发生了充分的水岩反映, 使Ca、F、REE等重新活化, 最终在构造破碎带就位沉淀形成矿体, 矿床成因类型为中-低温热液充填型。羊角尾萤石矿的矿床成因研究表明晚侏罗世火山-沉积岩系是区域萤石矿成矿的重要物源基础, 在区域找矿工作中应重点关注。 相似文献
3.
吉林四平三家子钨矿床地质与地球化学特征及成因 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
三家子矿床是近年来东北地区新发现的一个白钨矿矿床。为揭示该矿床成因,在系统研究矿床地质特征的基础上,对成矿相关岩体、大理岩围岩、矽卡岩矿石进行了稀土元素、微量元素测试分析。结果表明:与成矿时空及成因密切相关的似斑状黑云母二长花岗岩和细粒黑云母二长花岗岩具有铝过饱和、碱含量变化大、K2ONa2O和低Rb/Sr值等同熔型花岗岩特征;稀土元素组成表现为稀土总量较低、明显的Eu负异常和不明显的Ce异常以及右倾斜的稀土元素配分曲线,进一步显示含钨花岗岩具有深源特征。综合矿床地质特征、岩(矿)石中微量元素含量特征以及矿石的硫同位素组成,认为孟家岭岩体是三家子钨矿床成矿物质的主要来源,该矿床属矽卡岩型钨矿床,成岩成矿作用与太平洋板块沿北西向俯冲有关。 相似文献
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北山南带沙枣园复式岩体由中细粒黑云母花岗闪长岩、细粒黑云母石英闪长岩、中粒黑云母二长花岗岩和中粗粒黑云母正长花岗岩4个岩相单元组成。LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb定年结果表明,中细粒黑云母花岗闪长岩、细粒黑云母石英闪长岩和中粒黑云母二长花岗岩侵位于晚二叠世(252.1±1.9Ma、252.2±2.1Ma和248.8±3.5Ma),为海西晚期的产物;而中粗粒黑云母正长花岗岩侵位于早三叠世(246.4±2.0Ma),为印支早期的产物。该花岗质岩石均具有稀土元素的球粒陨石标准化配分曲线呈右倾型,轻重稀土分馏大,轻稀土富集且分异明显,而重稀土亏损且分异不显著特征。中细粒黑云母花岗闪长岩和细粒黑云母石英闪长岩具有较高的SiO_2、Al_2O_3和Na_2O含量,以及较低的MgO含量,强烈富集Sr而亏损Yb和Y,具轻微的铕异常(δEu=0.75～1.16),表现出典型的埃达克岩特征;中粒黑云母二长花岗岩和中粗粒黑云母正长花岗岩总体富硅(SiO_2)、富钾(K_2O)、富碱(K_2O+Na_2O),Al_2O_3含量中等,铕分别呈现负异常(δEu=0.45～0.73)和强负异常(δEu=0.02～0.08)。年代学及地球化学特征研究表明:①中细粒黑云母花岗闪长岩和细粒黑云母石英闪长岩属准铝质-弱过铝质的钙碱性Ⅰ型花岗岩,并具有典型的埃达克岩特征,中粒黑云母二长花岗岩属弱过铝质的高钾钙碱性Ⅰ型花岗岩,中粗粒黑云母正长花岗岩属弱过铝质的高钾钙碱性A2型花岗岩;②中细粒黑云母花岗闪长岩、细粒黑云母石英闪长岩和中粒黑云母二长花岗岩的岩浆来源于下地壳玄武质岩石部分熔融源区,并在上升过程中混染了下地壳物质,而中粗粒黑云母正长花岗岩的岩浆来源于年轻地壳中富含黑云母的变质泥岩部分熔融源区;③中细粒黑云母花岗闪长岩、细粒黑云母石英闪长岩和中粒黑云母二长花岗岩是俯冲-碰撞构造背景条件下的岩浆产物,而中粗粒黑云母正长花岗岩是同碰撞-碰撞后构造背景条件下的岩浆产物。 相似文献
5.
石青硐矿区处于北祁连褶皱带东段,与著名的白银大型矿田组成白银-石青硐铜多金属成矿亚带。文章对石青硐矿床不同类型的含矿围岩及矿石进行了稀土元素特征的对比研究,分析认为:(1)区内含矿围岩的稀土配分模式与白银厂相似,基性岩由板块俯冲环境下地幔楔部分熔融产生,并有地壳混染,酸性岩则为基性岩浆分异并混染了地壳物质的产物,成矿与成岩物质具有一定的继承性和同源性;(2)δEu和δCe特征表明,石英脉型多金属矿石的成矿流体和物质主要来源于高温还原性质的岩浆热液,而浸染型矿石的形成可能与海底热液对流循环成矿作用相关;(3)无矿石英脉与基性岩关系密切,其可能来源于氧化条件下基性岩中的硅质淋滤和再沉淀;(4)无矿石英脉与多金属矿化石英脉的Eu异常明显不同,前者为负Eu异常而后者为正Eu异常,即Eu异常可以作为石英脉含矿性评价的地球化学标志。 相似文献
6.
黑龙江南蛤拉河子地区花岗岩分布广泛,岩性主要为石英闪长岩、黑云母花岗闪长岩、黑云母二长花岗岩。通过对花岗岩进行了锆石年龄分析测试和岩石地球化学的分析研究,结果表明石英闪长岩、黑云母花岗闪长岩、黑云母二长花岗岩形成于早侏罗世,随着SiO_2含量的增加,Fe_2O_3、FeO、MgO、Al_2O_3、MnO、CaO、TiO_2含量逐渐减少,K_2O含量逐渐增加,且向富钾方向演化;Rb、U、Th、K等逐渐富集,Nb、Ti、P逐渐亏损;轻稀土和重稀土总量逐渐逐渐增加,Eu从无异常或弱的负异常到强烈负异常。早侏罗世花岗岩为"I"型花岗岩,其与太平洋板框向欧亚板块俯冲有关。 相似文献
7.
徐家村金矿床位于佳木斯地块西南部，矿体赋存于晚二叠世二长花岗岩中.通过对含金石英脉石英中的流体包裹体进行Rb-Sr同位素年龄及H、O同位素测定，获取成矿年龄，探讨成矿流体来源及其与赋矿花岗岩的成因联系.结果显示：石英流体包裹体Rb-Sr等时线年龄为229±8.6 Ma，比含矿岩体形成时代（254.2±0.95 Ma、230.44±0.54 Ma）稍晚或接近.石英中H、O同位素特征显示成矿流体应为晚二叠世花岗岩浆分异出的热液，后期有少量的大气降水的加入，暗示了含矿石英脉与赋矿花岗岩体具有密切的成因联系.综合认为，成岩成矿可能发生在同一地质事件中，即与古亚洲洋板块向佳蒙地块俯冲作用有关. 相似文献
8.
钼矿是中国比较特殊的一个矿种,是近年来找矿突破最大的矿种之一。辉钼矿作为最具工业意义的含钼矿物,广泛分布于各种内生钼矿床中。本文尝试性地对内生独立钼矿或共伴生钼矿矿床中的辉钼矿进行了ICP-MS稀土元素分析。结果表明,各矿床辉钼矿中稀土总量在10.99~3374μg/g,集中在10.99~600μg/g。时间上,中侏罗世—早白垩世辉钼矿稀土元素含量最高;空间上,北方矿床中辉钼矿的稀土总量较南方高;矿种组合上,独立钼矿、以钼为主的多金属矿中稀土总量要大于其他伴生钼矿矿床。辉钼矿稀土元素配分曲线具有多样性,不同矿集区内矿床成矿时代、矿床类型与矿种组合对稀土元素配分模式影响不明显。辉钼矿中明显富集轻稀土,具有强烈的Eu负异常(δEu=0.01~0.80)、Ce负异常(δCe=0.24~1.06,多数δCe值<1)和Sm正异常(δSm=1.29~79.42)。依据辉钼矿轻稀土富集程度、Sm和Eu等稀土元素异常特征,将辉钼矿稀土元素配分模式分为6类,反映了不同辉钼矿成因或成矿流体性质的差异性;依据LREE、HREE、δEu和δCe等特征,以及熔体/流体实验结果,推测成钼流体总体上是以富CO2、Cl-(个别还富含F-)和还原性气体成分的成矿流体。内生金属矿床中辉钼矿主要形成于还原性环境,但石英脉型矿床较斑岩型矿床形成条件明显氧化性增强。 相似文献
9.
包古图金矿由石英脉型和蚀变岩型矿体组成,该矿的热液成矿期可以划分为4个阶段:粗粒石英脉阶段(Ⅰ)、含金细粒硫化物-石英脉阶段(Ⅱ)、含金粗粒自然砷-辉锑矿-石英脉阶段(Ⅲ)以及方解石脉阶段(Ⅳ),其中阶段Ⅱ和Ⅲ是主要的金矿化阶段,形成自然金赋存于毒砂、含砷黄铁矿中,银金矿被自然砷、辉锑矿包裹。阶段Ⅰ石英脉的稀土元素总量(0.83×10-6~3.67×10-6)明显低于阶段Ⅱ(11.01×10-6~30.18×10-6),轻重稀土元素分馏[(La/Yb)N=8.53~21.89]较阶段Ⅱ[(La/Yb)N=6.90~10.40]明显,但总体具有与区内中酸性侵入岩相似的稀土元素配分模式;阶段Ⅰ石英脉具有弱Eu正异常(δEu=1.09~1.80),阶段ⅡδEu主要集中于1.36~0.67之间;所有样品显示弱Ce负异常或无Ce异常(δCe=0.87~1.01)。矿化围岩和含矿石英脉中的黄铁矿均显示右倾型稀土元素配分模式,但石英脉中黄铁矿轻重稀土元素分馏更明显[(La/Yb)N=24.0~36.1],所有黄铁矿均具有明显Eu负异常(δEu=0.50~0.64)。不同阶段石英脉和黄铁矿中Ce、Eu异常表明成矿流体逐渐向较还原的状态演化。黄铁矿的Co/Ni比值(1.60~10.50)指示初始成矿流体为中温。包古图金矿含矿石英脉与区内广泛发育的中酸性斑岩体、岩脉在时间和空间上密切相关,具有相似的稀土元素配分模式,以上特征指示包古图金矿成矿作用与区内晚石炭世中酸性岩浆活动有关。 相似文献
10.
江西大湖塘超大型钨矿初始岩浆流体出溶——来自似伟晶岩壳的记录 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
江西大湖塘地区是江南造山带中段九岭矿集区内近年查明的世界级超大型钨矿产地,白钨矿体主要呈细脉浸染状缓倾于中粗粒黑云母花岗闪长岩中。位于区内一矿带的成矿母岩顶部发育完好的似伟晶岩壳,壳层的组构特征明显,由母岩向含矿围岩,依次为似斑状黑云母花岗岩→长英质细晶岩→石英长石似伟晶岩→长石石英似伟晶岩→含白钨矿黑云母花岗闪长岩。壳内石英的阴极发光岩相学研究显示,石英巨晶、斑晶、基质和石英脉大多经历了早阶段主晶石英,中阶段扩散交代石英和晚阶段渗滤充填石英3个生长阶段。微量元素研究表明,早阶段石英的生长是一个流体加速沉淀的过程,中阶段和晚阶段流体对主晶石英均有叠加改造,其微量元素呈降低趋势。各类石英均表现为富碱金属元素、中高温（≥483℃）、低Li/Al（0.01~0.50,大多小于0.24）的地球化学特征,反映了成矿流体为岩浆水来源,石英的生长具有岩浆—热液过渡性质。综合研究表明,大湖塘一矿带似伟晶岩壳是初始含矿岩浆流体出溶的产物,其形成过程中动态的物理化学条件促进了成矿元素W由母岩向围岩搬运富集。 相似文献
11.
Most sulfide-rich magmatic Ni-Cu-(PGE) deposits form in dynamic magmatic systems by partial melting S-bearing wall rocks with variable degrees of assimilation of miscible silicate and volatile components, and generation of barren to weakly-mineralized immiscible Fe sulfide xenomelts into which Ni-Cu-Co-PGE partition from the magma. Some exceptionally-thick magmatic Cr deposits may form by partial melting oxide-bearing wall rocks with variable degrees of assimilation of the miscible silicate and volatile components, and generation of barren Fe ± Ti oxide xenocrysts into which Cr-Mg-V ± Ti partition from the magma. The products of these processes are variably preserved as skarns, residues, xenoliths, xenocrysts, xenomelts, and xenovolatiles, which play important to critical roles in ore genesis, transport, localization, and/or modification. Incorporation of barren xenoliths/autoliths may induce small amounts of sulfide/chromite to segregate, but incorporation of sulfide xenomelts or oxide xenocrysts with dynamic upgrading of metal tenors (PGE > Cu > Ni > Co and Cr > V > Ti, respectively) is required to make significant ore deposits. Silicate xenomelts are only rarely preserved, but will be variably depleted in chalcophile and ferrous metals. Less dense felsic xenoliths may aid upward sulfide transport by increasing the effective viscosity and decreasing the bulk density of the magma. Denser mafic or metamorphosed xenoliths may also increase the effective viscosity of the magma, but may aid downward sulfide transport by increasing the bulk density of the magma. Sulfide wets olivine, so olivine xenocrysts may act as filter beds to collect advected finely dispersed sulfide droplets, but other silicates and xenoliths may not be wetted by sulfides. Xenovolatiles may retard settling of – or in some cases float – dense sulfide droplets. Reactions of sulfide melts with felsic country rocks may generate Fe-rich skarns that may allow sulfide melts to fractionate to more extreme Cu-Ni-rich compositions. Xenoliths, xenocrysts, xenomelts, and xenovolatiles are more likely to be preserved in cooler basaltic magmas than in hotter komatiitic magmas, and are more likely to be preserved in less dynamic (less turbulent) systems/domain/phases than in more dynamic (more turbulent) systems/domains/phases. Massive to semi-massive Ni-Cu-PGE and Cr mineralization and xenoliths are often localized within footwall embayments, dilations/jogs in dikes, throats of magma conduits, and the horizontal segments of dike-chonolith and dike-sill complexes, which represent fluid dynamic traps for both ascending and descending sulfides/oxides. If skarns, residues, xenoliths, xenocrysts, xenomelts, and/or xenovolatiles are present, they provide important constraints on ore genesis and they are valuable exploration indicators, but they must be included in elemental and isotopic mass balance calculations. 相似文献
12.
Between 1985 and 1991, two new mountain protected areas (MTNPA) covering more than 35,000 km2 and based on participatory management models — the Makalu-Barun National Park and Conservation Area, Nepal, and Qomolangma Nature Preserve, Tibet Autonomous Region — were successfully established through the collaborative efforts of Woodlands Mountain Institute and conservationists in China and Nepal. Characteristics common to both projects include the importance of establishing (1) effective rationales, (2) local support constituencies, (3) a senior advisory group, (4) a task force, (5) linkages between conservation and development, and (6) fund raising mechanisms. The lessons derived from the experiences of Woodlands Mountain Institute are of significant value to others in preserving MTNPA. Increased collaboration and communication between all interested in conservation, however, will remain a critical component for expanding mountain protected area coverage to throughout the world. 相似文献
13.
《Geoforum》2017
This article advances critical geographies of youth through examining the spatiality implicit in the imagined futures of young women in rural India. Geographers and other scholars of youth have begun to pay more attention to the interplay between young people’s past, present, and imagined futures. Within this emerging body of scholarship the role of the family and peer group in influencing young people’s orientations toward the future remain underexamined. Drawing on eleven months of ethnographic fieldwork, my research focuses on a first generation of college-going young women from socioeconomically marginalized backgrounds in India’s westernmost state of Gujarat. I draw on the “possible selves” theoretical construct in order to deploy a flexible conceptual framework that links imagined post-educational trajectories with motivation to act in the present. In tracing the physical movement of these young women as they navigate and complete college, my analysis highlights the ways in which particular kinds of spaces and spatial arrangements facilitate and limit intra- and inter-generational contact, and the extent to which this affects young women’s conceptions of the future. I conclude by considering the wider implications of my research for ongoing debates surrounding youth transitions, relational geographies of age, and education in the Global South. 相似文献
14.
15.
《Chemical Geology》2007,236(1-2):13-26
We examined the coprecipitation behavior of Ti, Mo, Sn and Sb in Ca–Al–Mg fluorides under two different fluoride forming conditions: at < 70 °C in an ultrasonic bath (denoted as the ultrasonic method) and at 245 °C using a Teflon bomb (denoted as the bomb method). In the ultrasonic method, small amounts of Ti, Mo and Sn coprecipitation were observed with 100% Ca and 100% Mg fluorides. No coprecipitation of Ti, Mo, Sn and Sb in Ca–Al–Mg fluorides occurred when the sample was decomposed by the bomb method except for 100% Ca fluoride. Based on our coprecipitation observations, we have developed a simultaneous determination method for B, Ti, Zr, Nb, Mo, Sn, Sb, Hf and Ta by Q-pole type ICP-MS (ICP-QMS) and sector field type ICP-MS (ICP-SFMS). 9–50 mg of samples with Zr–Mo–Sn–Sb–Hf spikes were decomposed by HF using the bomb method and the ultrasonic method with B spike. The sample was then evaporated and re-dissolved into 0.5 mol l− 1 HF, followed by the removal of fluorides by centrifuging. B, Zr, Mo, Sn, Sb and Hf were measured by ID method. Nb and Ta were measured by the ID-internal standardization method, based on Nb/Mo and Ta/Mo ratios using ICP-QMS, for which pseudo-FI was developed and applied. When 100% recovery yields of Zr and Hf are expected, Nb/Zr and Ta/Hf ratios may also be used. Ti was determined by the ID-internal standardization method, based on the Ti/Nb ratio from ICP-SFMS. Only 0.053 ml sample solution was required for measurement of all 9 elements. Dilution factors of ≤ 340 were aspirated without matrix effects. To demonstrate the applicability of our method, 4 carbonaceous chondrites (Ivuna, Orgueil, Cold Bokkeveld and Allende) as well as GSJ and USGS silicate reference materials of basalts, andesites and peridotites were analyzed. Our analytical results are consistent with previous studies, and the mean reproducibility of each element is 1.0–4.6% for basalts and andesites, and 6.7–11% for peridotites except for TiO2. 相似文献
16.
Models have become so fashionable that many scientists and engineers cannot imagine working without them. The predominant use of computer codes to execute model calculations has blurred the distinction between code and model. The recent controversy regarding model validation has brought into question what we mean by a ‘model’ and by ‘validation.’ It has become apparent that the usual meaning of validation may be common in engineering practice and seems useful in legal practice but it is contrary to scientific practice and brings into question our understanding of science and how it can best be applied to such problems as hazardous waste characterization, remediation, and aqueous geochemistry in general. This review summarizes arguments against using the phrase model validation and examines efforts to validate models for high-level radioactive waste management and for permitting and monitoring open-pit mines. Part of the controversy comes from a misunderstanding of ‘prediction’ and the need to distinguish logical from temporal prediction. Another problem stems from the difference in the engineering approach contrasted with the scientific approach. The reductionist influence on the way we approach environmental investigations also limits our ability to model the interconnected nature of reality. Guidelines are proposed to improve our perceptions and proper utilization of models. Use of the word ‘validation’ is strongly discouraged when discussing model reliability. 相似文献
17.
I. Bejarano-Ramirez Jose M. Jurado R. Muñiz-Valencia Á. Alcázar Silvia G. Ceballos-Magaña A. Olivos-Ortiz O. Rangel 《International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology》2017,14(6):1333-1342
The contents of As, Cd, Cu, Cr, Mg, Mn, Ni, Pb and Zn have been determined in sediment and water samples from Valle de las Garzas estuary and Port Manzanillo (Colima, Mexico) using ICP-AES. The concentrations of these elements were used for a comparative study to determine the distribution of heavy metals and to evaluate which elements reflect natural or anthropogenic backgrounds. For this purpose, seven sampling points were selected: Four of them correspond to the lagoon, and three were situated in the port. Statistical analysis of the mineral content was assessed. Initially, data comparison was assessed by statistical tests for each variable. Principal component analysis was then applied considering the influence of all variables at the same time by obtaining the distribution of samples according to their scores in the principal component space. In this way, four studies were carried out: (1) study of sediments collected during the dry season; (2) study of sediments collected during the rainy season; (3) comparative study between sediments from rainy and dry season; and (4) study of water composition collected during rainy season. From the results of the performed analyses, it can be concluded that metals distribution pattern reflected natural and anthropogenic backgrounds (e.g., sediments from the lagoon, situated at the beginning of the rain channel, presented high contents of Zn and Cu, perhaps related to anthropogenic activities or the influence of igneous sediments). 相似文献
18.
The shape of sedimentary particles may carry important information on their history. Current approaches to shape classification
(e.g. the Zingg or the Sneed and Folk system) rely on shape indices derived from the measurement of the three principal axes
of the approximating tri-axial ellipsoid. While these systems have undoubtedly proved to be useful tools, their application
inevitably requires tedious and ambiguous measurements, also classification involves the introduction of arbitrarily chosen
constants. Here we propose an alternative classification system based on the (integer) number of static equilibria. The latter
are points of the surface where the pebble is at rest on a horizontal, frictionless support. As opposed to the Zingg system,
our method relies on counting rather than measuring. We show that equilibria typically exist on two well-separated (micro
and macro) scales. Equilibria can be readily counted by simple hand experiments, i.e. the new classification scheme is practically
applicable. Based on statistical results from two different locations we demonstrate that pebbles are well mixed with respect
to the new classes, i.e. the new classification is reliable and stable in that sense. We also show that the Zingg statistics
can be extracted from the new statistics; however, substantial additional information is also available. From the practical
point of view, E-classification is substantially faster than the Zingg method. 相似文献
19.
Hirokazu Fujimaki 《Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology》1986,94(1):42-45
Concentration ratios of Hf, Zr, and REE between zircon, apatite, and liquid were determined for three igneous compositions: two andesites and a diorite. The concentration ratios of these elements between zircon and corresponding liquid can approximate the partition coefficient. Although the concentration ratios between apatite and andesite groundmass can be considered as partition coefficients, those for the apatite in the diorite may deviate from the partition coefficients. The HREE partition coefficients between zircon and liquid are very large (100 for Er to 500 for Lu), and the Hf partition coefficient is even larger. The REE partition coefficients between apatite and liquid are convex upward, and large (D=10–100), whereas the Hf and Zr partition coefficients are less than 1. The large differences between partition coefficients of Lu and Hf for zircon-liquid and for apatite-liquid are confirmed. These partition coefficients are useful for petrogenetic models involving zircon and apatite. 相似文献
20.
E. M. Prasolov S. A. Sergeev B. V. Belyatsky E. S. Bogomolov K. A. Gruzdov I. N. Kapitonov R. Sh. Krymsky V. O. Khalenev 《Geochemistry International》2018,56(1):46-64
This paper reports the first results of a study of 11 isotope systems (3He/4He, 40Ar/36Ar, 34S/32S, 65Cu/63Cu, 62Ni/60Ni, 87Sr/86Sr, 143Nd/144Nd, 206–208Pb/204Pb, Hf–Nd, U–Pb, and Re–Os) in the rocks and ores of the Cu–Ni–PGE deposits of the Norilsk ore district. Almost all the results were obtained at the Center of Isotopic Research of the Karpinskii All-Russia Research Institute of Geology. The use of a number of independent genetic isotopic signatures and comprehensive isotopic knowledge provided a methodic basis for the interpretation of approximately 5000 isotopic analyses of various elements. The presence of materials from two sources, crust and mantle, was detected in the composition of the rocks and ores. The contribution of the crustal source is especially significant in the paleofluids (gas–liquid microinclusions) of the ore-forming medium. Crustal solutions were probably a transport medium during ore formation. Air argon is dominant in the ores, which indicates a connection between the paleofluids and the atmosphere. This suggests intense groundwater circulation during the crystallization of ore minerals. The age of the rocks and ores of the Norilsk deposits was determined. The stage of orebody formation is restricted to a narrow age interval of 250 ± 10 Ma. An isotopic criterion was proposed for the ore-bearing potential of mafic intrusions in the Norilsk–Taimyr region. It includes several interrelated isotopic ratios of various elements: He, Ar, S, and others. 相似文献