共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 21 毫秒
1.
Martin Coulson 《GeoJournal》1995,36(4):371-382
Greater access to information after the Post-Cold War period gives researchers new opportunities to study the environmental, economic and social impacts of military defence. Changing political and economic circumstances are influencing the distribution of military facilities and defence industries in developed countries. The paper illustrates these developments and looks at the contribution to change made by pressure groups end at examples from the UK defence sector. Defence forces are reacting to criticism about negative impacts through a variety of measures including environmental training, site remediation and the use of simulation technology. A framework for further research is presented and many references cited. 相似文献
2.
Groundwater extraction can have varied and diffuse effects. Negative external effects may include costs imposed on other groundwater users and on surrounding ecosystems. Environmental damages are commonly not reflected in market transactions. Groundwater transfers have the potential to cause spatial redistribution, concentration, and qualitative transformation of the impacts from pumping. An economically and environmentally sound groundwater transfer scheme would ensure that marginal costs from trades do not exceed marginal benefits, accounting for all third-party impacts, including those of a non-monetary nature as well as delayed effects. This paper proposes a menu of possible management strategies that would help preclude unacceptable impacts by restricting transfers with certain attributes, ideally ensuring that permitted transfers are at least welfare-neutral. Management tools would require that transfers limit or reduce environmental impacts, and provide for the compensation of financial impacts. Three management tools are described. While these tools can limit impacts from a given level of extraction, they cannot substitute for sustainable overall withdrawal limits. Careful implementation of transfer limits and exchange rates, and the strategic use of management area boundaries, may enable a transfer system to restrict negative externalities mainly to monetary costs. Provision for compensation of these costs could be built into the system. 相似文献
3.
Sea erosion is a serious threat to life and property in coastal towns. The coastline of Ada Foah has been facing sea erosion and occasional flooding for several decades. This research investigated the socio-economic and environmental impacts of these geomorphic processes using social survey methods of data collection and shoreline change analysis. The main research tools used include questionnaire survey, interviews and Digital Shoreline Analysis System (DSAS) 4.2 software using extracted shorelines of 1926 ground survey sheet and 2008 Landsat ETM+ image to determine shoreline change between the periods. The research identified some environmental and socio-economic impacts of the sea erosion on the coastal community, and these include the destruction of coastal ecosystems and infrastructure such as offices of institutions, school blocks and roads. The ramifications of these problems include homelessness, unemployment and poverty, which compel victims to migrate. Results of shoreline change analysis indicate that, the Ada Foah shoreline has been receding since 1926 to date with a mean change in shoreline of 280.49?m and an average annual rate of 3.46?m/year. To protect the coastline from the battering sea, a sea defence project, comprising sand nourishment and the construction of groynes, is being undertaken. 相似文献
4.
首先从累积影响的概念和分类两方面对累积影响的内涵进行了总结,回顾了累积影响概念产生、发展的过程,提出了定义累积影响必须包括的核心内容;对国内外累积影响的研究现状进行了概括:国外对累积影响的研究开展得较早,但仍然存在累积影响定义不一致、方法定量性差、结论没有公信力等问题。国内于20世纪90年代开始对累积影响进行研究,主要集中于方法研究,对定义和实例探讨较少;对一些具有代表性的累积影响分析方法进行归类,并指出了各种方法的适用条件;特别对累积影响在水利学科中应用的情况进行了介绍,并指出了流域梯级开发背景下累积影响分析的特点;最后提出了累积影响研究的几点趋向。 相似文献
5.
Mining activities have left huge uncovered slopes, large areas of gangue ground and extensive railings dams. In this paper, we studied some impacts of mining activities upon environment in Panzhihua region, southwestern China. The environmental impacts include ecological destruction, geological disasters, environmental pollution, land damage, solid waste and occupational health effect in study area. The author suggested that local government should take some measure to reduce environmental impact in Panzhihua City. First, the countermeasure of reducing environmental impact is to set up ecological rehabilitation and environmental management system, which ensure the sustainable development of resources, environment, economy and society in this region. Second, the area needs to be monitored regularly for trace metal and other pollutants to forewarn urban eco-environmental safety. 相似文献
6.
C.M. Law 《Geoforum》1983,14(2):169-184
The aim of the paper is to provide an outline of the influence of defence expenditure on British regional development during the last one hundred years. This topic has not received much attention since defence expenditure on the armed forces is usually considered non-basic, whilst expenditure on equipment is concealed amongst many industries. There are also important spin-off effects from this expenditure. The paper shows that defence expenditure favours southern and eastern regions of Britain and thus reinforces spatial trends from other sectors of the British economy. In addition to these regional effects there are significant impacts on local economies. 相似文献
7.
There is an increasing concern that the current management practices for many coastal regions are unsustainable. Very few
countries have planned to deal with the exacerbation of environmental decline in the face of sea level rise. It is therefore
necessary to assess socioeconomic and environmental impacts of sea level rises to better understand the vulnerability of coastal
zones, as part of devising adaptive and integrated management principles. This paper presents a systematic approach by which
relevant stakeholders can be actively engaged in prioritising flood impact issues and deriving information for quantification
of impacts for adaptation measures and demonstrates the approach through implementation in the Gippsland coastal region. As
outcomes of the project, we have identified key issues of concern for this region for flood impacts and constructed synthetic
response functions for quantification of impacts of floods on some of the key issues in the region. The analysis also showed
that stakeholders consider that some of the issues are not likely to be significantly affected by floods and thus may not
require adaptation measures. The analysis did not provide high agreement on some issues. Different approaches are required
to assess the importance of these issues and to establish impact response functions for them. 相似文献
8.
黑色页岩的资源功能和环境效应 总被引：15，自引：2，他引：13
利用ICP—MS等分析技术对典型黑色页岩的微量元素及P、S等组分进行了分析,探讨了黑色页岩的化学特征、风化机制和微量元素富集特征,阐明了黑色页岩的资源功能和环境效应。结果表明,黑色页岩不但富含多种矿产资源,产有大型、超大型多金属矿床,而且可用作复合化肥以改良土壤。同时,黑色页岩因风化分解释放CO2、产生酸性矿排水、释出重金属元素等而可能对环境产生严重影响,引起环境问题。开发利用黑色页岩不但要充分认识其资源功能特征,拓宽其应用途径,而且要特别注意其可能引发的环境问题。 相似文献
9.
旅游业的环境影响综合评价与对策 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
旅游业对自然环境有正反两方面的影响。反面影响包括对水体和大气环境的影响,对动植物的影响,对土壤和沙丘的侵蚀,以及影响审美。正面影响包括建立自然保护区,保护海洋、植被、湿地,促进连际土地开发和教育民众。促进旅游业永续发展的对策有：对旅游业进行选择;对旅游区进行环境规划;对旅游业的环境影响进行实验追踪,建立综合性模式研究旅游业的累积环境影响。 相似文献
10.
多年冻土地区金刚石矿的环境问题--以Yakutia 西北部Anabar矿为例 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
V.N. Makarov 《冰川冻土》2004,26(Z1):257-262
Placer diamond mining in the Anabar area involves various operations that cause long-term (nearly a quarter of a century) environmental impacts. The long history of mining activities, the technology used to mine the placers, as well as the poor assimilative capacity of the natural systems can result in serious environmental impacts in the area. The primary geochemical processes in the diamond-bearing area are affected by the occurrence of permafrost and relict ice, the lengthy duration of ice cover in water bodies, and the widespread development of cryogenic processes. This promotes physical migration of contaminants, cryogenic metamorphization of waters, and long-term accumulation of organic contaminants in low-temperature, reduction and sedimentation barriers. In this paper, some environmental and geochemical effects of diamond mining in the Arctic area are discussed. 相似文献
11.
S. Perveen T. Yigitcanlar Md. Kamruzzaman J. Hayes 《International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology》2017,14(3):663-678
Urban growth is an important phenomenon, which is taking place on an unprecedented scale, and its impacts on society and the environment are evident. In theory, an evaluation of such urban growth through scenario-based planning helps planners to better assess the future impacts of growth and develop better policies and plans. Within this context, the assessment of transport impacts is particularly important as transport plays an important role in shaping urban growth. Additionally, transport sector alone is responsible for about one-third of the greenhouse gas emissions of cities, which has detrimental effects on the environment, economy, community health, and quality of life. In practice, however, scarce evidence exists outlining the challenges of scenario-based evaluation and how to best address these while modelling the transport impacts of various urban growth scenarios. This research addresses these gaps in the literature and assesses the effectiveness of scenario-based planning methods that are used for modelling the transport impacts of alternative urban growth scenarios. The methodological approach of the study consists of a critical review of the key literature and relevant methods that are commonly used to assess transport impacts. The results of this analysis highlight limitations of existing methods for effectively evaluating transport externalities of urban growth scenarios. The findings suggest that among many reviewed models, the ILUTE, URBANSIM and TRANUS simulation models are identified as significant ones. However, due to various limitations of the former two, TRANUS is noted as the most suitable one for evaluating the transport impacts of urban growth scenarios. 相似文献
12.
13.
The focus of this research was to determine if abandoned mines constitute a major environmental hazard in the Black Hills. Many abandoned gold mines in the Black Hills contribute acid and heavy metals to streams. In some areas of sulfide mineralization local impacts are severe, but in most areas the impacts are small because most ore deposits consist of small quartz veins with few sulfides. Pegmatite mines appear to have negligible effects on water due to the insoluble nature of pegmatite minerals. Uranium mines in the southern Black Hills contribute some radioactivity to surface water, but the impact is limited because of the dry climate and lack of runoff in that area. 相似文献
14.
The Tennessee–Tombigbee Waterway (Tenn–Tom) was one of the first and largest water resources projects constructed after the
enactment of the National Environmental Policy Act of 1969. This highly controversial project was in litigation for 9 of the
13 years it was under construction. Substantial and innovative measures were incorporated into the project design to minimize
environmental damage and to promote environmental protection. Additionally, a wide variety of environmental mitigation measures,
including the acquisition and management of 35,614 ha of wildlife habitat to compensate for unavoidable impacts. This paper,
which updates a paper published by the American Society of Civil Engineers in 1996, presents an update of the environmental
and restorative measures incorporated into the design, construction, operation, and management of the Tenn–Tom some 15 years
after it was opened for navigation. The paper examines the accuracy of selected predicted impacts, waterway utilization, and
the effectiveness of environmental measures.
Received: 13 March 2000 · Accepted: 12 June 2000 相似文献
15.
矿产开发过程中的辐射环境影响日益被管理部门和广大公众所重视。针对我国南方某铜矿开采项目,在详细工程分析和现状调查的基础上,对铜矿开采可能带来的辐射环境影响进行了细致分析,预测和评价项目建设对辐射环境的可能影响,并针对性地提出环境保护措施。相关结论和措施对于铜矿资源合理开发和保护环境具有指导意义。 相似文献
16.
矿产勘查活动往往会带来一定的生态环境影响,如何评估这些影响是当前矿产勘查所面临的迫切问题之一。本研究以广东省金矿资源最为集中的粤西金矿带为例,采用生态系统服务价值核算方法,利用单位面积生态环境价值,结合植被恢复时间和矿产资源潜力,量化评估粤西金矿带内的四个主要已知矿区勘查活动生态环境影响,进一步推测量化评估金矿带内其他具有类似成矿地质条件的预测单元勘查活动生态环境影响。评估结果表明：（1）粤西金矿带勘查活动生态环境影响成本较低,相对于其矿产资源潜力带来的社会经济效益而言,微乎其微;（2）广东省粤西金矿带下一步勘查工作方向仍应重点集中在金牛A类预测区、新洲A类预测区与高村A类预测区等资源潜力大、单位资源量生态环境成本低的区域;（3）本研究提出的勘查活动生态环境影响量化评估方法具有易操作、适用性广等特点,可用于其他地理环境下的勘查活动生态环境影响量化评估。 相似文献
17.
中国人口和富裕对环境的影响 总被引：32，自引：1，他引：31
辨明人类活动各因素对环境影响作用的大小,并依此找寻发展的对策是当前可持续发展研究的核心问题之一.分析了IPAT等式在分解环境影响中人文因素的作用;采用生态足迹作为环境影响的测量指标,利用STIRPAT模型,以1999年中国各省市的截面数据为例,分析了人口数量、富裕程度、现代化及经济区位和自然区位对环境影响的具体作用,并在此基础上探讨了中国各省(市)的技术生态效益.结果表明:人口数量是当前环境影响的一个主要驱动因子,环境影响与人口数量近同比例变化,富裕程度或现代化程度增加也将加剧人类对环境的影响.在观测数据范围内,分析结果不支持存在环境Kuznets曲线的观点.最后分析讨论了不支持存在环境Kuznets曲线的原因及STIRPAT模型的优缺点,并指出社会适应性能力可作为下一步深入研究的方向. 相似文献
18.
通过分析西石门铁矿环境水文地质特征,依据水环境污染综合评价指数方法对矿区地下水环境质量的现状进行了评价.简要阐述了矿区生产和老窿水的存在对地下水资源造成的影响,矿区井巷工程在地下水位以下施工后地下水环境的一些变化趋势及初步预防措施,为将来矿区深部生产过程中提供了参考资料. 相似文献
19.
Environmental planning is an arena of policy making in which formal public deliberation is among the most extensive. At the same time, environmental disputes can also be among the most resistant to resolution, often becoming entangled in issues that some describe as “intangible”. The discourse is largely structured by regulatory frameworks, such as environmental impact assessment laws and procedures, which focus primarily on operational rights (what one can or cannot do where and when) and tangible impacts on the physical or natural environment. A comparative case study of mariculture in Hawai‘i reveals that a large measure of public concerns focused on collective choice rights (who has a right to make which decisions on behalf of whom) and the more intangible impacts to the social or cultural environment. These concerns are often nested in a historic context that has implications for the social processes that they create. The findings from this study imply a need for more structured or systematic ways to deliberate issues of collective choice rights alongside operational rights within the larger process of environmental planning. 相似文献
20.
The paper presents the main conclusions from an in-depth study of the local economic, social and environmental impacts of Lancaster University in 1991/92. The likely impacts of further expansion at the University through to the year 2001 are explored. Lancaster University is revealed as having major environmental and social impacts as well as the more widely researched employment and income multiplier effects. Lessons are drawn from the Lancaster University experience which are likely to be of a general nature and can assist other universities seeking to maximise their local benefits and minimise their local cost impacts. The local impacts of universities are likely to need much more careful management than has occurred in the past if detrimental effects are to be avoided. 相似文献