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1.
鲁东诸城地区晚白垩世恐龙集群埋藏地沉积相与埋藏学初步研究 总被引：5，自引：1，他引：4
鲁东诸城盆地白垩系由下向上包括林家庄组、辛格庄组和红土崖组。下白垩统林家庄组为杂色粗碎屑岩系;上白垩统辛格庄组为杂色细碎屑岩系,红土崖组为砖红色砂岩、砾岩互层沉积夹玄武岩(73.5Ma),为恐龙化石埋藏层位,并与区域上莱阳青岛龙及恐龙蛋化石等产出层位可以对比。诸城地区晚白垩世时期主要为冲洪积沉积环境,辛格庄组上部为洪泛平原粉砂岩—细砂岩—灰质土加积序列,局部夹扇中辫状河砾岩、粗砂岩,红土崖组下部与下伏辛格庄组顶部过渡部位是冲积扇泥石流、辫状河和洪泛平原粉砂泥质砾岩、砂岩加积沉积序列。识别出与冲积扇沉积体系相关的3种埋藏相类型:冲积扇泥石流、洪泛平原和辫状河河道(砂砾岩),前二者是研究区主要的埋藏相类型。所含化石主要为鸭嘴龙的残体骨骼,个体大小参差不等,互相间可叠盖一起,同时也有孤立发育的骨骼化石。高密度、单一种类恐龙残体骨骼化石的沉积、埋藏特征代表了恐龙集群埋藏—沉积事件。 相似文献
2.
化石埋藏学的核心内容就是要研究不同规模生物化石埋藏的沉积相,恢复沉积环境,了解化石形成和被埋藏前、后的古地理背景。大规模化石记录埋藏学的研究代表着目前国际上发展趋势,重点探索集群灭绝的古地理、古环境与保存作用。中国具有丰富的恐龙化石资源,目前已经成为全球命名恐龙属种最多的国家,相继发现了从侏罗纪到白垩纪的若干恐龙化石遗迹或骨骼埋藏点。胶莱盆地发育着完整的白垩纪陆相(莱阳群-青山群-王氏群,130~65 Ma) 地层和沉积记录。早白垩世莱阳群以河流及湖泊相沉积物为主;青山群为中酸性火山岩、火山碎屑岩,间夹沉积岩。晚白垩世王氏群下部以冲积扇、泥石流和辫状河道相的沉积物和岩石组合为主;中部则为滨浅湖与河流粉砂岩细砂岩泥页岩灰质土（古土壤）韵律沉积;上部和顶部为冲积扇泥石流、辫状河和洪泛平原粉砂泥质砾岩砂岩砾岩的韵律序列,局部夹玄武岩,反映了晚白垩世末期古地理、古沉积环境已从早白垩世相对湿润和温热的冲积、湖泊环境转变为燥热、干旱的冲积环境。胶莱盆地早白垩世的生物群面貌（脊椎动物、昆虫和植物等）与华北北部热河生物群基本相同,除保存少量的小型恐龙（鹦鹉嘴龙）或翼龙骨骼化石外,还保存了大量的兽脚类、蜥脚类和鸟脚类足迹（群）化石（莱阳群）。诸城晚白垩世王氏群中上部发育集群埋藏的恐龙骨骼化石,已发现恐龙属种10余个,包括3种角龙、3种暴龙、2种鸭嘴龙以及甲龙和虚骨龙等,其中鸭嘴龙占绝大多数（95% 以上）。恐龙化石多为无关联的各类骨骼,少数半关联的小个体恐龙,分选差,混杂堆积。通过诸城恐龙化石埋藏地地层及其沉积相研究,识别出泥石流、洪泛平原和辫状河道3种恐龙化石埋藏沉积相、微相类型,其中泥石流相是最主要的埋藏沉积相,代表了晚白垩世中期恐龙集群埋藏沉积事件和动力机制。莱阳地区王氏群上部和顶部为紫色、砖红色砾岩砂岩粉砂岩灰质土韵律沉积,属于洪泛平原和辫状河道沉积微相组合,代表着晚白垩世末期燥热、干旱的冲积环境。恐龙化石大都埋藏在大型辫状河道微相之下的洪泛平原微相中。化石呈分散或孤立状,有不同程度的磨蚀或破损,关联或半关联者少见,表明经过一定距离的搬运或改造作用。文章最后简述了胶莱盆地以及白垩纪古地理环境、古生态、恐龙动物群的演化或耦合作用。 相似文献
3.
运用埋藏学与沉积地质学的研究方法与手段,对中国东部晚白垩世具有恐龙化石集群埋藏盆地中恐龙骨骼化石的埋藏地层层序与年代、埋藏骨骼化石特征、骨骼化石埋藏类型及其埋藏成因等进行了分析与总结,并将其产出时代、埋藏相、埋藏特征与国外进行了对比研究。研究认为:中国东部与国外相比,虽然化石产出的具体时期有所差异,但从恐龙种群、埋藏相及沉积地层学等方面均具有相似性,反映了晚白垩世全球古环境、古生态及古气候的相似性。(1)中国晚白垩世恐龙骨骼化石埋藏事件可分为早期与晚期2个阶段:早期的Cenomanian期与晚期的Santonian-Maastrichtian期。而国外晚白垩世恐龙骨骼化石埋藏事件只发生在晚期,在美洲及蒙古国发生在Campanian晚期,在欧洲则为Campanian-Maastrichtian期的过渡时期及Maastrichtian期。(2)中国埋藏骨骼化石种属以鸟脚类鸭嘴龙科与兽脚类恐龙为主,它们埋藏于紫红色地层中,埋藏环境主要为冲积扇与河流环境;美洲以鸭嘴龙科为主,欧洲与蒙古国的种群各地不相同,都埋藏于紫红色岩石地层中,埋藏环境主要为河流—泛滥平原。骨骼在不同沉积相组合地层中埋藏学特征各异,与古地理、古生态及古环境密切相关。(3)结合盆地中的化石埋藏学特征与盆地演化特征,总结了恐龙化石埋藏类型主要有原地埋藏与异地埋藏,盆地古地理格局变动、火山活动、古温度升高及古地震等事件的综合作用是可能的埋藏成因,并提出了恐龙化石的埋藏模式。此研究为揭示中国东部乃至全球晚白垩世的古地理、古气候及古生态环境及恐龙灭绝原因的探讨提供了新的材料与证据。 相似文献
4.
山东诸城晚白垩世王氏群恐龙化石层碎屑锆石定年和物源示踪 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
山东东部诸城晚白垩世王氏群大面积、高密度集群埋藏的恐龙化石是近年研究的热点,但其沉积物源与精确沉积时限目前尚不明确。本文通过对山东诸城王氏群恐龙化石层中6个砂岩样品的碎屑锆石U-Pb定年表明,样品090414-24-D中最年轻的单颗粒锆石年龄(YSG)为77.3 Ma,应代表王氏群恐龙化石层的最大沉积时限(下限),结合前人对王氏群红土崖组的年代学研究表明,其沉积时限应老于73.5 Ma(上限),也说明赋存恐龙化石层的王氏群上部红土崖组为Campanian期沉积;碎屑锆石定年揭示物源的锆石年龄组成分布在100～130 Ma之间,6个样品的年龄主峰值多在110 Ma或120 Ma左右,与下伏的早白垩世青山群火山岩年龄主峰较为吻合。王氏群恐龙化石层砾岩的砾石成分和古水流研究显示,其中3组砾石统计表明砾岩层砾石成分主要由火山岩或火山碎屑岩组成,3组古水流数据表明,诸城地区王氏群红土崖组砾岩层的古流向以南和南东方向为主,尚有1组显示古流向为向北,表明王氏群物源主要来自盆地北侧莱阳和北西侧沂沭断裂带的青山群火山岩,其次为盆地南缘。本研究为诸城王氏群化石层沉积时限的限定和沉积物源的判断,以及胶莱盆地王氏群时期古地理格局的恢复等提供了重要的依据。 相似文献
5.
胶东诸城晚白垩世恐龙骨骼化石地球化学及埋藏学研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
胶东诸城发育了世界罕见的晚白垩世中晚期恐龙化石集群埋藏点,主要分布在诸城市东南的库沟、恐龙涧、西见屯和臧家庄。本文通过薄片鉴定、电子探针、常量、微量和稀土元素分析等方法技术,系统研究了诸城恐龙骨骼化石微观特征与地球化学特征,分析了恐龙骨骼埋藏成岩过程,厘定4个化石集群埋藏层的相对层位关系和骨骼沉积物来源方向,探讨了恐龙死亡的可能原因。研究表明,研究区恐龙骨骼化石主要矿物成分为磷灰石和方解石,也零星含有Fe、Mn、BaSO4及SiO2等矿物成分;骨骼化石和围岩主量、微量与稀土元素分析显示,CaO、P2O5、F、REE、Y、Sr和Ba、U高值且远高于围岩,其中CaO、P2O5、F、Sr和Ba的高值是由于原始骨骼组成中这些元素背景含量高,而REE、Y及U的异常高值是成岩过程中吸附作用所致;骨骼中Rb、Th、Nb、SiO2、Al2O3、TiO2、Zr、Hf含量低于围岩是由于它们属于亲沉积碎屑元素,都来自母岩的风化产物;骨骼化石中稀土元素表现为轻稀土富集型,稀土配分模式与上地壳相似,并具有Eu轻微正异常和Ce负异常特点;研究认为,骨骼与围岩较高的Sr、Ba含量及稀土元素异常系源于干旱气候与氧化环境的浅埋藏成岩作用;依据不同化石点骨骼中磷灰石矿物与方解石矿物组成的对比、骨骼与围岩主量元素分子风化率指数及REE、HREE、LREE与(La/Yb)N、(Ce/Yb)N和(La/Sm)N、δEu、δCe等参数的对比,研究区4个集群埋藏的恐龙化石层相对层位关系由下至上分别厘定为库沟、西见屯、恐龙涧与臧家庄;骨骼围岩沉积物源主要来自下伏青山群火山岩与莱阳群沉积岩的剥蚀产物;研究区上白垩统红土崖组下部不到100m厚的地层中恐龙化石异地集群埋藏层的多次出现表明,集群埋藏不是一个简单孤立事件,恐龙的死亡也可能受制于干旱气候的影响,特别是环境背景的Sr和Ba等元素有可能是环境毒素;干旱缺水、缺少食物、有毒元素散布可以导致恐龙集群死亡;骨骼在季节性洪水或阵发性泥石流的作用下由诸城西北向东南搬运和堆积。 相似文献
6.
自从20世纪60年代初在山东诸城发现第一具恐龙骨架“巨型山东龙”以来,一系列具有代表性的恐龙骨骼化石在诸城白垩纪地层中被发现,特别是埋藏于诸城晚白垩世地层中恐龙骨骼化石群,最为引人注目。目前研究发现了包括鸭嘴龙类、角龙类、暴龙类等在内的多种恐龙类型,为丰富我国东部白垩纪恐龙动物群的研究提供了新的宝贵材料。该文系统总结和归纳了近些年来在诸城晚白垩世地层中发现的恐龙骨骼化石及其所代表的恐龙动物群类型的研究成果,同时又提出了目前依然存在的一些亟待解决的关键问题和研究意义,有助于下一步更好的深入研究诸城晚白垩世恐龙动物群。 相似文献
7.
江西赣州盆地晚白垩世茅店组和河口组发现大量恐龙动物化石,且化石分布集中,大多保存完整,尤其蛋化石成窝性较好,排列较规整,属原地埋藏。文章论述了该盆地内恐龙化石赋存的地层、岩性、化石保存形式及埋藏特征等,认为该盆地内恐龙动物群聚集或恐龙化石集中分布在晚白垩世早期茅店组和晚白垩世晚期河口组;茅店组—河口组,恐龙动物化石保存形式具有"单类型→多类型组合共存"和"不同类型恐龙蛋共生→蛋与骨共生"的规律,甚至出现含胚胎恐龙蛋、恐龙骨骼和龟鳖类化石集群埋藏,为进一步探讨盆地演化和恐龙生存环境提供实际材料。 相似文献
8.
首次在山西新荣地区晚白垩世助马堡组发现了巨型蜥脚类恐龙股骨化石。通过详细观测该股骨化石的保存状态、保存长度和股骨近端最大长度,估算该股骨化石实际长度约1.9 m,该蜥脚类恐龙体长可能超过30.0 m。在对化石层沉积相和古流向分析的基础上,分析了该股骨化石的埋藏环境。助马堡组为一套规模大、弯曲度高、水动力强的曲流河沉积,该蜥脚类恐龙死后在曲流河中经短—中距离搬运后被埋藏。新荣地区巨型蜥脚类恐龙股骨化石的发现,不仅扩大了晚白垩世巨型蜥脚类恐龙在中国北方地区的分布范围,同时对左云—新荣地区白垩纪古气候和古环境的研究具有重要意义。 相似文献
9.
《地层学杂志》2016,(3)
为厘定浙江省天台县天台盆地含恐龙骨骼及蛋化石地层的时代,在赋存恐龙骨骼及蛋化石的赖家组和赤城山组陆相红层中选取了晶屑凝灰岩夹层,分别进行了精确的锆石SHRIMP和LA-ICP-MS U-Pb定年。结果显示,赖家组中上部和赤城山组中部晶屑凝灰岩(夹层)的成岩时代分别为100±1 Ma和92±1 Ma,表明赖家组沉积于早白垩世晚期—晚白垩世早期,而赤城山组形成于晚白垩世,二者连续沉积构成了天台盆地含恐龙骨骼和蛋化石的地层;据此推断,与赖家组呈整合接触的下伏塘上组地层的形成时代早于早白垩世晚期(100 Ma),而天台盆地恐龙的灭绝时代晚于晚白垩世早期(92 Ma)。上述研究结果亦可为开展天台盆地与浙东其他盆地之间进行地层划分对比可靠的年代学依据。 相似文献
10.
辽西四合屯脊椎动物集群死亡事件：火山爆发的灾变记录 总被引：6，自引：1，他引：5
辽西北票以ConfuciusornisSinosauropteryxZhangheotherium为代表的四合屯脊椎动物组合发现于义县组下部湖相沉积中,时代为早白垩世Barremian中期(J—K界线144 Ma)或Valanginian晚期(J—K界线136 Ma)。化石包括鱼类、两栖类、爬行类、鸟类和哺乳类及无脊椎动物和被子植物,孔子鸟类群和具“羽毛”的小型兽脚类恐龙共生。野外发掘表明,化石完整地保存骨骼硬体及羽毛、食物、胃石、卵等软体及生理组织,确认多次非正常生物集群死亡事件。在四合屯发掘剖面上,含化石正常沉积的湖相页岩与火山喷发事件形成的沉凝灰岩互层,中酸性火山爆发形成的环境突变效应是导致脊椎动物集群死亡的主要原因。 相似文献
11.
S. Viswanathan K. Surya Prakash Rao B. Mahabaleswar 《Journal of the Geological Society of India》2013,82(6):621-627
Komatiites are mantle-derived ultramafic volcanic rocks. Komatiites have been discovered in several States of India, notably in Karnataka. Studies on the distribution of trace-elements in the komatiites of India are very few. This paper proposes a simple, accurate, precise, rapid, and non-destructive wavelength-dispersive x-ray fluorescence (WDXRF) spectrometric technique for determining Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th in komatiites, and discusses the accuracy, precision, limits of detection, x-ray spectral-line interferences, inter-element effects, speed, advantages, and limitations of the technique. The accuracy of the technique is excellent (within 3%) for Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th and very good (within 4%) for Y. The precision is also excellent (within 3%) for Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th. The limits of detection are: 1 ppm for Sc and V; 2 ppm for Cr, Co, and Ni; 3 ppm for Cu, Zn, Rb, and Sr; 4 ppm for Y and Zr; 6 ppm for Nb; 10 ppm for Ba; 13 ppm for Pb; and 14 ppm for Th. The time taken for determining Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th in a batch of 24 samples of komatiites, for a replication of four analyses per sample, by one operator, using a manual WDXRF spectrometer, is only 60 hours. 相似文献
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E. M. Prasolov S. A. Sergeev B. V. Belyatsky E. S. Bogomolov K. A. Gruzdov I. N. Kapitonov R. Sh. Krymsky V. O. Khalenev 《Geochemistry International》2018,56(1):46-64
This paper reports the first results of a study of 11 isotope systems (3He/4He, 40Ar/36Ar, 34S/32S, 65Cu/63Cu, 62Ni/60Ni, 87Sr/86Sr, 143Nd/144Nd, 206–208Pb/204Pb, Hf–Nd, U–Pb, and Re–Os) in the rocks and ores of the Cu–Ni–PGE deposits of the Norilsk ore district. Almost all the results were obtained at the Center of Isotopic Research of the Karpinskii All-Russia Research Institute of Geology. The use of a number of independent genetic isotopic signatures and comprehensive isotopic knowledge provided a methodic basis for the interpretation of approximately 5000 isotopic analyses of various elements. The presence of materials from two sources, crust and mantle, was detected in the composition of the rocks and ores. The contribution of the crustal source is especially significant in the paleofluids (gas–liquid microinclusions) of the ore-forming medium. Crustal solutions were probably a transport medium during ore formation. Air argon is dominant in the ores, which indicates a connection between the paleofluids and the atmosphere. This suggests intense groundwater circulation during the crystallization of ore minerals. The age of the rocks and ores of the Norilsk deposits was determined. The stage of orebody formation is restricted to a narrow age interval of 250 ± 10 Ma. An isotopic criterion was proposed for the ore-bearing potential of mafic intrusions in the Norilsk–Taimyr region. It includes several interrelated isotopic ratios of various elements: He, Ar, S, and others. 相似文献
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奥地利安东帕有限公司 《岩矿测试》2009,28(3):306-306
最新的流行病学研究表明,空气中较高浓度的悬浮细颗粒可能对人类的健康有不利的影响。根据该项研究显示,由于心脏病、慢性呼吸问题和肺功能指标恶化而导致死亡率的升高与细尘粒子有关。这些研究结果已经促使欧盟于1999年4月出台了限制空气中二氧化硫、二氧化氮、氧化氮、铅和颗粒物含量的法案(1999/30/EC),对各项指标包括对可吸入PM10颗粒的浓度提出了新的限制性指标。PM10颗粒是指可以通过预分级器分离采集的气体动力学直径小于10μm的细颗粒。目前研究的兴趣重点逐步偏向PM2.5这些更细微颗粒物,PM2.5这种颗粒物对健康有明显的不利影响。在欧盟指令2008/50/EC中,对PM10和PM2.5都提 相似文献
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Mining induced subsidence can significantly affect mining costs where major surface facilities and natural environment need to be protected. Overburden grout injection is a technology used to control coal mine subsidence by injecting the mine waste material extracted from the coal back into the inter-burden rock during longwall mining. The flowing slurry is here categorised as a nonlinear viscous cohesive (Bingham plastic) fluid. During longwall mining the grout slurry is pumped into the separated beds of the rock mass through a central vertical borehole, which is drilled deep into the inter-burden rock strata above the coal seam. However, a blockage can occur in the injection system when the slurry velocity falls below a certain critical threshold velocity, indicating a material phase change from cohesive-viscous to cohesive-frictional. In situ field injection tests through boreholes have been simulated at a smaller scale at the CSIRO laboratory in Brisbane by pumping the slurry through a radial disk (gap = 4 mm) from its centre. Laboratory experiments indicate a general, nonlinear, cohesive, viscous, frictional model for shear behaviour of the slurry, in which the material shear parameters are functions of the disk radial distance. Complete dimensional and dimensionless analytical solutions have been developed based on an approach related to Bingham–Herschel–Bulkley fluid mechanics. The derived formulae include relations for minimum pump pressure, local pressure and pressure gradient, wall shear stress, volume rate, velocity and velocity gradient. The theoretical results match the experimental measurements. The experiments covered slurries with maximum particle sizes of 0.5 to 2 mm with about 50% being larger than 100 µm. The viscosities at the various solids concentrations were measured with a standard torsion viscometer. This study differs from the previous research in several distinct aspects, namely, consideration of the variable shear parameters rather than fixed values, inclusion of total nonlinear behaviour, and implementation of a friction function to mimic behaviour of the deposited and consolidating stiff slurry, which can cause a significant pressure rise as a result of the increased shear resistance. 相似文献
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Alexander E. C. Broberg J. S. Kehren A. R. Graziani M. M. Turri W. L. 《Environmental Geology》1993,22(4):353-361
Bellechester, Minnesota, is a small community of approximately 155 residents located on the county line between Goodhue and Wabasha counties in southeast Minnesota's karst region. Bellechester is served by a 21-year-old wastewater treatment facility (WWTF) consisting of three waste-stabilization ponds. On 28 April 1992 six sinkholes were discovered to have drained cell 2 of the WWTF resulting in the loss of approximately 8.7×106 1 of partially treated effluent and about 600 m3 of soil into previously undetected subsurface voids of unknown dimensions. In the week following the collapse, approximately 200 water wells located within a 5-km radius of the WWTF were sampled in an after-the-fact, emergency sampling program. Twelve samples with elevated fecal coliform levels, 18 samples with nitrate-nitrogen greater than the 10 mg/1 standard, and no samples with elevated chlorides were found. However, the elevated levels could not be unambiguously attributed to the WWTF collapse. This is the third WWTF to fail by sinkhole collapse in southeast Minnesota since 1974. All three collapsed lagoons have been located in similar geomorphic and stratigraphic settings. However, at least two lagoons have collapsed in the adjacent area in northeast Iowa, and these lagoons are located at different stratigraphic positions. Twenty-two WWTFs constructed in southeast Minnesota's karst region in the last 25 years have been identified as subject to potential sinkhole collapse. An unknown but significant number of manure storage lagoons, flood control structures, etc., have also been constructed in the karst region and are at risk. Public agencies are beginning to develop plans to deal with the risk associated with existing and future waste lagoons in this environment. The critical hydrogeologic parameters that can be used to prioritize the risk of collapse at existing facilities include: (1) the lithology of the first bedrock beneath each lagoon, (2) the thickness of surficial materials between the lagoon and the bedrock surface, (3) the presence and construction of liners (seepage rate), and (4) the proximity to existing sinkholes. 相似文献
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岩石密度和超高压岩石折返速率 总被引：1，自引：3，他引：1
在常温常压条件下对中国大陆科学钻CCSD主孔100-3000米岩心样品进行了密度测量,建立了密度连续剖面,并界定了不同超高压岩石的密度值。通过对比高温高压物性实验资料,岩石密度随着退变程度增强而降低,榴辉岩密度变化序列为3.52g/cm3→3.49g/cm3→3.07g/cm3→2.93g/cm3。超高压长英质岩石密度变化序列为3.00g/cm→2.80g/cm3→2.65g/cm3。上述实验资料是讨论不同折返阶段岩石所受浮力的基础,为研究折返速率大小提供了基本参数。本文通过折返板块运动平衡时,上浮力与粘滞力平衡这一关系式,定量研究了大陆俯冲板块的折返速率,认为密度差产生上浮力从而引起折返,温度对板块折返速率的影响最为显著;密度差大小、折返角度、折返板块大小对折返速率也有直接的影响。定量模拟分析表明,在温度高于850℃时,板块的折返速率可以超过100mm/a;当温度降至700℃时,折返速率则低于1.5mm/a。作者认为在折返早期,温度较高,板块快速折返至60-70km榴辉岩相深度;随着传导散热,温度降低,板块以较慢的速率折返至中下地壳。折返速率的估算表明,浮力是板块折返第一阶段(从>100km深部折返至<40km的中下地壳)的主要驱动力。 相似文献
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滇东南锡、银、铅、锌多金属矿床主要分布在个旧、白牛厂、都龙3个矿区,而滇东南较大的3个花岗岩体又分别出露在3个矿区或附近.花岗岩体均形成于燕山晚期,岩石化学、矿物成分相似,富含锡、银、铅、锌、钨、铜等成矿元素.矿床主金属元素组合与岩体之间的距离由远而近出现由锡、钨、(铍、铌、钽)→锡、钨、(铁)、铜、铟→锡、铅、锌、银、铟、(锑)有规律的变化.花岗岩浆是成矿物质来源和成矿热源.岩浆侵入初期使上覆地层隆起产生背斜(凹陷部位成向斜);同时使地层产生一系列裂隙、压性断层或层间断裂;岩浆侵入晚期,这些断层再次活动,表现为张性,岩浆产生的含矿热液沿由其活动所造成的断裂迁移、充填、交代、沉淀而形成矿床. 相似文献