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1.
曲流串沟型江心洲是现代河流水利学研究关注的重要河流要素,不同于曲流河点坝和辫状河心滩,但在油气储层沉积学研究中鲜有关注。选取现代松花江典型河段,开展基于水动力学的沉积数值模拟,恢复曲流串沟型江心洲的演化过程,建立了曲流串沟型江心洲演化模式。研究结果表明:1）洪水期曲流河发生漫滩冲刷,串沟发育扩张,截弯取直,形成分汊河道及江心洲地貌;2）分汊偏移角、相对梯度优势可用于预测短期汊道存在的稳定性;3）串沟型江心洲形成于曲流点坝残余沉积之上,发育洲头侵蚀、洲尾加积、翼部双侧积,但垂向加积主要发育在顶部,不构成沉积主体结构。通过上述研究建立了曲流江心洲沉积模式,揭示了曲流河江心洲内部结构及分汊河道水动力特征,对现代河流治理和地下河流沉积储层刻画有指导意义。 相似文献
2.
掌握沉积特征并建立准确的沉积模式对解译古代岩石的沉积环境和构建地下油气储层构成模型起到至关重要的作用.在梳理内陆湖盆干旱河流体系沉积模式形成和发展的基础上,综述玻利维亚乌尤尼盐湖边缘现代Colorado曲流河末端体系的研究成果.明确干旱曲流河末端沉积体系通常发育在低缓的湖岸线附近,仅有一条活跃河道且为曲流河,并具有向下游沿程的河道横截面积减小的特征,其余河道均废弃并已充填或者部分充填.指出干旱曲流河末端沉积体系河道演化的主控因素,低频、高强度的雷暴引发的洪水导致漫溢和改道,漫溢促使大量决口扇沿河道两侧形成与演化,决口扇砂体叠加形成席状砂;而河流改道促使河道砂体相互叠加切割,形成假分枝状的形态.细粒曲流河末端沉积体系主要包括河道沉积、漫溢沉积和洪泛平原沉积,其中大量发育的决口扇沉积为该体系最显著的特征之一,提出了干旱湖盆曲流河末端细粒沉积体系的沉积模式.最后,讨论了该体系与浅水三角洲的形成条件,如气候和地貌(坡度)方面存在的显著差异.干旱曲流河末端体沉积模式不仅丰富当前内陆湖盆边缘河流沉积理论,同时有助于精细刻画类似油气储层构型,也为油气的勘探开发提供思路. 相似文献
3.
高弯度曲流河砂体规模定量表征研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
曲流河砂体储层是重要的陆相碎屑岩储层类型,采用“将今论古”的思路,以一系列现代高弯度曲流河的基础数据分级构建定量知识库,实现对地下砂体规模的定量表征。从曲流河成因和形态方面对定量表征开展可行性分析,在相对平坦的地形条件下,当河流通过增加河道弯度和加长流路来减小河道坡降比以趋于输沙平衡且做功最少,同时堤岸主要由细粒物质组成时,河型向曲流河转化,河道平面几何形态呈正弦派生曲线,在演化过程中河道形态和砂体规模保持良好的规律性;结合储层构型理论的分级表征思路,基于砂体规模的不确定性,通过现代沉积数据选取恰当的置信水平,分级构建多组经验公式,形成高弯度曲流河定量知识库;压实减孔量是沉积物埋藏后体积减小的主要因素,通过去压实校正,建立现代沉积与地下砂体的定量联系,对地下曲流河砂体规模进行原始沉积状态下的定量表征。经实际资料验证,结果客观准确。 相似文献
4.
河流沉积是陆相沉积环境和地层记录的重要组成部分,也是陆相盆地重要的油气储层。侏罗系延安组是鄂尔多斯盆地重要的含煤和储油层系。延安组早期河流沉积发育,延安一带出露典型沉积剖面,是剖析河流构型特征的难得窗口。采用沉积学理论和构型要素分析方法,在野外露头精细解剖的基础上,分析了延安组下部辫状河、曲流河的沉积构型特征,探讨了古河道规模和河流类型转化的控制因素。研究表明,延安组延10沉积期辫状河发育,主要由河道、顺流加积体和沙质坝等单元组成,多期河道沉积叠置,呈厚层板状分布,泥质隔夹层不发育;延9早期演变为曲流河,发育河道、侧向加积体、废弃河道、泛滥平原及决口扇等构型单元,泥质隔夹层较发育,砂体连续性变差。采用经验公式估算,延10辫状河河道宽度为19.34~373.22 m,延9曲流河河道宽度16.81~99.21 m。延安组早期继承了富县组沉积期的古构造—古地理格局,随着填平补齐的发展和盆地沉积范围的扩大,古地形变缓,物源供给减弱,导致河流类型由辫状河演变为曲流河。研究结果对于深入理解同物源体系供给条件下河流沉积构型特征及类型转换,油气储层预测等具有理论和现实意义。 相似文献
5.
针对阜东5井区大井距下曲流型河道储层叠置样式认识不清的问题,应用岩心、地震、测井、试油试采等资料,采用井震联合、层次结构和地震正演等研究方法,确立了沉积微相类型,分层次开展了河道储层叠置样式和地震正演河道砂体叠置地震响应特征研究,提出了曲流型河道储层叠置分布样式.研究表明:（1）目的层自下而上呈曲流河三角洲→曲流型分流河道体系→曲流河.头一段时期发育曲流河三角洲沉积,多个朵叶状砂体连片叠置.头二段演变为曲流型分流河道体系,砂体呈条带状叠置;头三段为曲流河,砂体呈宽条带交错叠置状.（2）在合理地震正演参数设置后,对曲流型河道分4类开展正演模拟.不同期次的单河道相互叠置使得复合河道的地震反射表现出单斜状、阶梯状、下凹状的特征,同时伴随振幅的横向强弱变化,结合单井测井标定可判断单河道的发育期次和叠置关系.（3）曲流型河道储层叠置样式主要分为单河道型、多河道叠置型和稳定迁移型3种样式.单河道型地震反射振幅短轴强振幅特征,呈窄连续条带状分布（约250 m）;多河道叠置型地震反射振幅强弱变化大,呈连续性较差宽条带状分布（约500 m）;稳定迁移型地震响应波形振幅强度变化弱且连续,呈大范围连片状分布（约1 500 m）.研究不仅对曲流型河道油气储层提高采收率具有重要的指导意义,也对井震结合大井距河道砂体储层构型表征方法的拓展意义重大. 相似文献
6.
东濮凹陷古近系沙河街组三段河口湾沉积亚相之沉积学与痕迹学识别与油气储层 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
沉积学结合痕迹学研究,识别出东濮凹陷古近系沙河街组三段,存在五类河口湾沉积亚相。这五类亚相都含有斜向异源碎屑层理及海相或咸水痕迹化石。现代和古代河口湾研究证明,斜向异源碎屑层理（Inclined Heterolithic Stratification）,是潮汐水流进入河流式河口湾引发波动震荡机制形成的。表现为重复出现,厚在数厘米到数分米的泥/砂对偶层。东濮凹陷文留地区沙河街组三段岩芯研究显示,不同类型的泥/砂对偶层及其所含海相和咸水成因痕迹化石,记录下河口湾上游,受潮汐影响产生水下收缩裂隙和滨岸痕迹化石Diplocraterion的河流成因砂（亚相A）;河口湾中部,因与最大紊流带相关,出现变形层理和痕迹化石Palaeophycos、Planolites和Chondrites的泥质沉积（亚相B、C）;河口湾下游,则显示Terebellina、Rhizocrallium、Ophiomorpha、Diplocraterion等高分异度痕迹化石的海相成因砂（亚相D、E）。文留地区古近纪油田与北美白垩纪油田的研究和勘探开发说明,河流式河口湾油气资源丰富,识别这类古环境,对寻找油气储层,意义重大。 相似文献
7.
河流沉积学研究热点与进展--第11届国际河流沉积学大会综述 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
第11届国际河流沉积学大会于2017年7月17日-21日在加拿大卡尔加里大学举行,每四年举行一次的国际河流沉积学学术会议,吸引了当今北美、欧洲、澳洲及亚洲从事河流沉积学及相关学科研究的众多知名学者参会,研究成果充分体现了当前国际河流沉积学研究取得的重要进展和发展方向。重要进展有:1）河流动力学及其变化过程研究。其中包括将今论古法论现代河流沉积过程与古老地层对比,河道-洪泛平原体系的越岸复合沉积动力学,河流动力学与变化过程研究展望,恢复河道迁移过程:新一代平面图演化模式的讨论,冲积河流和基岩河流的湍流、颗粒间作用和沉积作用;2）陆缘河流。包括河流入海处的地貌动力学与沉积学,河流补给边缘的沉积物搬运、地貌和地层特征,干旱地区河流、冲积扇体系与风的相互作用,植被生长前、无植物生长、或是植被发育区河流的沉积过程研究;3）河流沉积地层及其地下资源。包括源-汇系统,"河流相模式"是否有用的讨论,辫状河、网状河、曲流河概念的厘定等;4）河流地貌变化。包括气候改变、泥泞植被洪泛平原等对河流沉积物通量、河流模式等产生影响,河道中冲积岛屿的演化和稳定河流的蛇曲化,河流环境中沉积物生物作用等。基于上述资料分析,认为河流演化过程从定性向定量化研究,物理模拟与数值模拟技术是河流沉积学研究不可或缺的手段,应用定量建模、数学计算等方法进行精准研究,碎屑锆石U-Pb定年技术是新一代从源到汇研究的重要工具等诸多方面,是我国学者应该重视并开展研究的方向。 相似文献
8.
准噶尔盆地呼图壁河侏罗系齐古组点坝砂体叠迁样式及演化特征 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
点坝砂体是我国重要的油气储集层之一。随着河道的迁移,点坝砂体内部构型具有复杂性和多变性,使得现代沉积和古代露头都难以完全完整定量表征。因此,常常需要结合现代沉积和古代露头,运用先进的辅助工具(如航拍、遥感影像等)和数学方法,对点坝砂体的分布和迁移过程进行表征。本文通过分析良好的野外露头并结合卫片,识别了准噶尔盆地南缘发育的侏罗系齐古组古代露头剖面上的点坝砂体,精细解剖了点坝的平面与剖面叠迁样式,并分别对扩张型、迁移型、扩张旋转型及迁移旋转型四种点坝砂体类型的平面结构表征参数(弯度、曲率及扩张系数)、剖面叠迁样式进行了分析,建立了点坝砂体叠迁模式。该研究对于油气开发具有现实的指导意义,为古河道重建和储层构型建模提供依据。 相似文献
9.
克拉玛依油田一中区克拉玛依组S_4~1小层组发育的低弯度曲流河储层为该区块的主要油层之一,目前由于缺乏相对应的精细地质模型,已严重影响了该区块的剩余油分布研究工作。为了解决上述问题,通过对山西省柳林地区二叠系石盒子组低弯度曲流河地质露头实地测量,应用层次分析法和构型要素分析法建立低弯度曲流河露头地质模型。使用该模型并充分利用岩心和测录井资料,对S_4~1小层组沉积时期所发育的低弯度曲流河储层内部构型表征进行了预测,取得了较好的效果。研究表明,露头地质模型不仅对低弯度曲流河沉积模式的建立、单河道的划分,以及井间砂体的对比研究具有重要指导意义,而且能够准确的厘定井下区域单河道砂体及增生体规模、隔层密度、倾角和排列方式等,可为剩余油分布富集规律预测提供理论依据。 相似文献
10.
西湖凹陷某气田钻井资料少,传统陆上利用多井点资料描述河流相储层展布的方法不适用该气田。前人关于该区为浅水三角洲平原分流河道沉积、储层横向上连片分布的认识过于宏观,不能指导气田的开发生产。研究从已钻井资料出发,充分利用海上高分辨率三维地震资料对河流相储层横向识别精度高、单一河道边界刻画清晰的特点,开展地震沉积学研究和单河道精细解释,识别出4期目的层单河道砂体,形成横向上逐渐向东迁移摆动、纵向上相互叠置的沉积演化模式。这一认识指导了地质模型优化,解决了生产井动静储量差异矛盾,能够有效指导气田开发生产。在海上少井条件下,利用地震沉积学方法进行河流相砂体精细描述的方法有较强的适用性。 相似文献
11.
低坡度基岩弯曲河流在地质构造控制区域广泛存在（床面坡度小于5‰）,洪水对基岩弯曲河流的河床淤积与侵蚀具有较大影响,但以往研究对基岩弯曲河流的洪水动力结构认识不足。通过几何概化基岩弯曲河段,考虑Froude相似与边壁粗糙,建立基岩弯曲河道概化模型,分析洪水下的弯道水面线分布、时均流场与湍流结构特性。结果表明:在洪水流量下,弯顶上游出现最小水面横比降、凸岸水流分离、凹岸双环流发育、流速下潜且二次环流强度达到最大,在弯顶下游水面横比降达到最大并出现环流分裂;床面切应力分布于凸岸水流分离以及弯顶上游中心区域,横向动量输移集中于弯顶上游。试验结果为基岩弯曲河道中的床面侵蚀与沿程淤积提供了水动力方面的解释。 相似文献
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基于能量守恒原理,通过实体模型试验的方法,对河流发生弯曲的机理进行了探讨。研究认为,河流具有弯曲的自然属性,其弯曲程度主要取决于水流能量的大小,与流量、比降有很大关系;河流发生弯曲是水流为补偿能量损失得以保持运动而形成的一种自然造床过程,河流在运动过程中,通过弯曲形成上游壅水,增加势能,使下游比降相对增大,动能得以增加,从而保持河段内的水沙输移达到相对平衡,此即"动能自补偿"的弯曲机理;河流弯曲程度与需要补偿的动能多少有关,河段上下断面的动能差越大,河段弯曲系数就越大。"动能自补偿"的机理得到了实验室观测结果的验证和野外原型定位观测资料的佐证。 相似文献
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The evolution, migration and deposits of a gravelly braid bar in the Sagavanirktok River, northern Alaska, are described in unprecedented detail using annual aerial photographs, ground‐penetrating radar (GPR) profiles, trenches and cores. Compound braid bars in the Sagavanirktok River form by chute cut‐off of point bars and by growth of mid‐channel unit bars. Subsequent growth is primarily by accretion of unit bars onto their lateral and downstream margins. The upstream ends of braid bars may be sites of erosion or unit bar deposition. Compound braid bar deposits vary in thickness laterally and are thickest in medial sections and near cut banks. Compound bar deposits are typically composed of three to seven sets of simple large‐scale inclined strata, each simple set formed by a unit bar. The simple large‐scale strata contain medium‐scale cross‐strata (from dune migration) and planar strata (from migration of bedload sheets). The upstream and medial parts of compound braid bar deposits show very little vertical variation in grain size, but downstream and lateral margins tend to fine upwards. The deposits are mostly poorly sorted sands and gravels, although sands tend to be deposited at the top of the braid bar, and open‐framework gravels preferentially occur near the top and base of the braid bar. The patterns of braid bar growth and migration, and the nature of the deposits, described from the Sagavanirktok River are generally similar to other sandy and gravelly braided rivers, and consistent with the theoretical braid bar model of Bridge (1993). 相似文献
14.
The alluvial architecture of a suspended sediment dominated meandering river: the Río Bermejo,Argentina 
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下载免费PDF全文 Gregory H. Sambrook Smith James L. Best Jessica Z. Leroy Oscar Orfeo 《Sedimentology》2016,63(5):1187-1208
The alluvial architecture of fine‐grained (silt‐bed) meandering rivers remains poorly understood in comparison to the extensive study given to sand‐bed and gravel‐bed channels. This paucity of knowledge stems, in part, from the difficulty of studying such modern rivers and deriving analogue information from which to inform facies models for ancient sediments. This paper employs a new technique, the parametric echosounder, to quantify the subsurface structure of the Río Bermejo, Argentina, which is a predominantly silt‐bed river with a large suspended sediment load. These results show that the parametric echosounder can provide high‐resolution (decimetre) subsurface imaging from fine‐grained rivers that is equivalent to the more commonly used ground‐penetrating radar that has been shown to work well in coarser‐grained rivers. Analysis of the data reveals that the alluvial architecture of the Río Bermejo is characterized by large‐scale inclined heterolithic stratification generated by point‐bar evolution, and associated large‐scale scour surfaces that result from channel migration. The small‐scale and medium‐scale structure of the sedimentary architecture is generated by vertical accretion deposits, bed sets associated with small bars, dunes and climbing ripples and the cut and fill from small cross‐bar channels. This style of alluvial architecture is very different from other modern fine‐grained rivers reported in the literature that emphasize the presence of oblique accretion. The Río Bermejo differs from these other rivers because it is much more active, with very high rates of bank erosion and channel migration. Modern examples of this type of highly active fine‐grained river have been reported rarely in the literature, although ancient examples are more prevalent and show similarities with the alluvial architecture of the Río Bermejo, which thus represents a useful analogue for their identification and interpretation. Although the full spectrum of the sedimentology of fine‐grained rivers has yet to be revealed, meandering rivers dominated by lateral or oblique accretion probably represent end members of such channels, with the specific style of sedimentation being controlled by grain size and sediment load characteristics. 相似文献
15.
Sedimentology and morphology of a low-sinuosity river: Calamus River, Nebraska Sand Hills 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
A study reach of the Calamus River, Nebraska Sand Hills, has a low sinuosity (less than 1.3) and braiding parameter (less than 1). Depending on sinuosity, the channel is occupied by alternate bars and point bars, the emergent parts of which form nuclei for midstream bars (islands). Channel migration occurs by bend expansion and translation, downstream and lateral growth of islands, and by chute cutoff. Channel-bed sediment is mainly medium-grained sand, but gravel and coarser sand sizes occur in thalweg areas adjacent to cutbanks and upstream parts of bars and islands, and finer sands occur on the downstream parts of bars and filling channels. Curved-crested dunes cover most of the channel bed at most flow stages, with ripples restricted to shallow areas near banks. Bed material is mostly large-scale cross-stratified, with small-scale cross-strata interbedded with plant debris occurring in topographically high areas near banks. Vibracores through channel bars show a basal erosion surface overlain by large-scale cross-stratified sands, in turn overlain by small-scale cross-stratified sand interbedded with plant debris. The overall sequence generally fines upwards, but the large-scale cross-stratified portion either fines upwards, coarsens upwards, or shows little grain size variation. Lithofacies distributions vary spatially within and between bars depending on position in the bar and local channel curvature/width, in a similar way to unbraided rivers elsewhere. Lithofacies of bar deposits are similar to those in the active channel, and the elevations of the basal erosion surface and adjacent channel thalweg correspond closely. Channels abandoned by chute cutoff are filled progressively from the upstream end, and comprise deposits similar to the downstream parts of bars (i.e. fining upwards). The downstream extremities of channel fills may contain large proportions of peat relative to sand, but little mud due to the paucity of such fine suspended load in the Calamus. 相似文献
16.
选用珠江流域主要河流的58个泥沙站1956～2000年连续观测的泥沙资料,按河流水系分不同的区域对主要河流含沙量和河流输沙量的时空分布规律进行分析研究。结果表明:大多数河流的含沙量较小,由于径流量大,输沙量较大;含沙量在区域上的分布呈西部大于东部、西南部大于西北部,东南部与东北部差别不大的特征;主要河流西江、北江、东江含沙量沿程变化呈现从上游往下游递减的规律;产沙量最大的区域是南盘江和北盘江,西江上游区域是流域泥沙的主要来源;汛期输沙量占全年的90%以上。虽然各区域不同时期输沙量有所增减,但全流域输沙总量较稳定;西江上游红水河和东江水利工程的兴建对河流泥沙的拦蓄明显,造成下游河段的含沙量明显减小。 相似文献
17.
黄河下游具有辫状河流、弯曲河流和微弯顺直河流3种河型，从横断面上可见，辫状河段的河道变化最频繁且最不稳定，微弯顺直河段最稳定；而弯曲河段明显向上游延伸，随着输沙量在各河段的阶段性变化，冲淤 状况在各河段也表现出阶段性，但加积升高是各河段发展的总趋势，从河相关系可见，弯曲河段和微弯顺直河段基本相似，但和辫状河段有着本质的区别。辫状河段的演变主要受到中上游来水来沙等自然因素的综合影响，但其更大范围的摆动仍然受到人为作用的影响；弯曲河段是河流自动调整的必然结果，两岸河堤对它的形成及向上游的延伸具有促进作用，但对它侧向迁移的特性具有较大的限制作用；而微弯顺直河段是人力强迫下河流局部调整的产物。 相似文献
18.
中国现代网状河流沉积特征和沉积模式 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
中国境内的许多河流发育有网状河段,从长江、黑龙江、珠江等这样的大型河流到嫩江、赣江等中小型河流都有。依据这些网状河的地理和构造背景的不同,可以把它们划分为:平原网状河流、山谷网状河流、入湖三角洲平原网状河流和入海三角洲平原网状河流四大类型。作者通过实地挖掘探槽、密集采样,对嫩江齐齐哈尔平原网状河段、赣江入湖三角洲平原网状河段、珠江入海三角洲平原网状河段沉积特征进行了详细描述和研究,并建立了网状河的沉积模式,探讨了网状河的成因。认为网状河流体系的发育不受气候和地理位置的限制,低坡降是形成网状河的必要条件,相对稳定的网状河道不同于曲流河和辫状河,湿地环境是网状河流体系中最发育的地貌单元,堤岸植被繁茂、粘结性高是河道稳定的重要因素,与曲流河和辫状河相比,网状河出现的几率较低。 相似文献
19.
E. H. Imam S. A. El Baradei 《International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology》2009,6(2):315-324
This research studies the impact of water level control structures on self-assimilative capacity of rivers and on fish habitat. Constructing a water level control structure in a river reach will alter its hydraulics as well as its water quality, thermal regime and fish habitat. A mathematical model is developed to simulate river hydraulics, water quality, temperature and fish habitat. Diurnal dissolved oxygen concentrations are investigated to show their impact on fish. A case of a Nile River reach was studied to investigate the impact of the existence of the Esna barrage on the water quality and fish in its upstream reach. The barrage has negative impacts on the upstream self-assimilative capacity of the rivers. The waste load that the river could absorb was only 54 % (at low flow) and 78 % (at high flow) of the entire load if no barrage was present. Including in the simulation of the effects of photosynthesis and respiration, the above mentioned percentages were raised to 54 % and 91 %, respectively. Although water level control structures have negative impacts on the upstream self-assimilative capacity of the rivers, they have positive effect on downstream dissolved oxygen concentrations due to reaeration that happens across them. Downstream dissolved oxygen concentration increased by 6 % from its upstream concentration value. The barrage has a positive effect on fish habitat in the upstream section. The weighted usable area of Tilapia fish is doubled in case of barrage existence. The barrage causes a slight decrease in water temperature that reaches an average of 0.13 degree in the month of June. 相似文献
20.
Accurately identifying and quantitatively describing abandoned channels in meandering rivers are of great significance for improving hydrocarbon recovery. By using modern deposition analogy, field outcrop analysis, a dense well spacing, core observations and a review of the literature, this paper studied the formation process and space–time amalgamation of abandoned channels in meandering river. The results reveal that formation mechanisms of abandoned channels include chute cutoff patterns(shoal-cutting, ditch-scouring and embayment-eroding patterns) and neck cutoff patterns. The chute cutoff pattern forms a gradually abandoned channel, while the neck cutoff pattern forms a suddenly abandoned channel. From upstream to downstream, the sedimentary pattern of the abandoned channel transforms from a chute cutoff pattern to a neck cutoff pattern, where the main controlling factors transition from the grain size and gradient to the flow and vegetation. An abandoned channel formed by a chute cutoff pattern consists mainly of siltstone, fine sandstone and thin gravel layers, which form a lithological-physical barrier. The abandoned channel formed by a neck cutoff pattern consists mainly of mudstone and argillaceous siltstone, forming a lithological barrier. Based on the amalgamation and structure of the reservoir architectural elements, the abandoned channel can be divided into three planar sedimentary patterns(crescent, semilune and horseshoe) for a single channel and five vertical sedimentary patterns for composite channels. 相似文献