共查询到17条相似文献，搜索用时 140 毫秒
1.
大青山高级变质岩不仅记录华北克拉通早期大陆形成演化历史,也保留了中下部地壳岩石流变信息,它们经历了下部地壳构造层次高角闪岩相-麻粒岩相条件变质变形、深熔作用改造,形成了复杂构造样式和构造要素组合.韧性剪切带是高级变质岩中主要构造形迹,控制着早前寒武纪高级变质岩主体构造格架.依据野外地质产状、变形特征与构造要素叠加改造关系,韧性剪切带划分为早期近水平顺层伸展型和晚期陡倾韧性剪切带.近水平顺层伸展韧性剪切带呈残留状保留在后期变形改造较弱部位上,主要沿着不同地质单元或者岩性层界面上发育,是在伸展变形体制下形成的.晚期陡倾韧性剪切带呈近东西方向展布,规模较大,叠加和改造早期构造形迹,形成于晚期造山挤压构造环境中,以左行滑移为主.这两种韧性剪切带都形成于地壳中深部构造层次高角闪岩相-麻粒岩相条件下,变形机制主要为熔体增强颗粒边界扩散和颗粒流动,使岩石发生大规模的塑性流动.在宏观上形成了不对称流动组构、条纹条带构造、熔融线理、层内流动褶皱等构造形迹,在微观上矿物晶体没有发生明显塑性变形,均匀消光,晶体为三边平衡结构,与静态变质结构相似,形成了地壳深部构造层次上变质构造岩-构造片麻岩. 相似文献
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构造片麻岩含义及其成因机制 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
构造片麻岩是地壳深部构造层次上韧性变形带主要的构造岩类型之一,其内保留了大量岩石流变特征的重要信息,在前寒武纪高级变质岩区广泛发育。构造片麻岩是由强烈塑性变形作用、变质作用和部分熔融作用共同作用形成的动力变质构造岩,是一种宏观上具有明显的强塑性流变特征而没有明显粒径减小的构造岩;在露头和手标本上以密集条带状构造和片麻状构造为特征,在微观上为典型三边平衡结构和复晶石英条带构造。熔体存在是控制影响构造片麻岩形成的主要因素之一,主要变形机制为扩散蠕变和颗粒流动,使岩石整体产生巨大应变,而单个矿物晶体不产生变形。构造片麻岩带可以分为3种不同类型：同变质期的层状构造片麻岩带、退变质期的线性构造片麻岩带和网状构造片麻岩带。 相似文献
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内蒙古大青山地区是典型的早前寒武纪造山带根部岩石出露区,大量下地壳高级变质-深熔岩石中保留了丰富的流变构造样式,是开展部分熔融岩石流变行为研究的天然实验室。本文对内蒙古大青山地区雪海沟和大庙-忽鸡沟构造带内变形岩石开展了宏观、微观构造解析、EBSD组构以及锆石U-Pb年代学研究,并结合前人研究成果,考查了不同构造层次、不同熔融程度岩石的流变特征及其与造山过程的耦合关系。研究结果表明,雪海沟至大庙-忽鸡沟地区体现了造山带地壳结构层次由深至浅的特点。深部构造层次（雪海沟）高级深熔条件下,宏观上以各种形式的浅色脉体参与岩石流变,深熔熔体夹矿物颗粒流形成网状的断续条带状构造。微观上斜长石受扩散蠕变、颗粒边界滑移和颗粒流动影响,一般没有明显的晶内变形组构,CPO（晶格优选方位）发育不明显。在中深部构造层次（大庙-忽鸡沟）深熔作用相对较弱,宏观上形成平行片麻理的较规则条纹/条带构造。微观上斜长石发生位错蠕变,CPO发育明显。此外,角闪石在不同构造层次下均表现出位错蠕变特征,结晶优选方向受深熔作用影响不大。上述变形样式和机制,体现了造山带根部高级变质-深熔岩石在固-液两相介质中,发生水平层状粘-塑性流动变形特点。随后深熔岩石的塑性流动变形伴随加厚地壳的伸展减薄-隆升过程而逐渐硬化并遭受剥露。 相似文献
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变质构造岩类型及其特征 总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8
变质构造岩是由变质变形作用形成的一种特殊类型岩石,形成于地壳不同构造层次上的韧性变形带中,具有明确的构造成因的含义。依据变形机制、组构、同构造新生矿物组合,以及形成环境,将韧性剪切带中变质构造岩分为构造片麻岩系列、构造片岩系列和糜棱岩系列。构造片麻岩系列形成于地壳深部构造层次上,以颗粒流动和扩散蠕变变形机制为主,宏观上表现为条纹和条带状构造,微观上为三边平衡结构。构造片岩系列形成于地壳中浅部构造层次上,以位错蠕变和新矿物化作用为主,由同构造新生片状矿物和基质组成。糜棱岩系列主要以位错蠕变变形机制为主,动力重结晶现象普遍,由残斑和基质两个部分组成,粒度变细,S-L组构发育,形成于地壳中-中浅部层次。 相似文献
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高级变质岩中深熔作用的相平衡研究 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
深熔作用在高级变质岩中非常普遍并受到广泛关注。自20世纪90年代以来,随着变质相平衡研究的突破性发展,利用THERMOCALC程序和视剖面图方法可以定量研究固相线以上的熔体形成、熔体分馏和退变质反应。变质沉积岩中的熔融作用主要有三种机制饱和水固相线上的熔融、白云母脱水熔融和黑云母脱水熔融。在模拟泥质岩石的KFMASH体系和NCKFMASH体系中的相平衡计算表明,NCKFMASH体系中铁镁矿物的相平衡关系受KFMASH亚体系中矿物相平衡关系的控制,但KFMASH亚体系中固相线位置要比实际的高50~60℃。因此,模拟泥质岩石的固相线以上的相平衡关系最好在NCKFMASH或组分更多的体系中进行。相平衡研究表明麻粒岩相岩石的保存与熔体丢失有关;混合岩的形成过程包括部分熔融作用、不同程度熔体分凝与汲取和不同程度的逆反应和退变反应。 相似文献
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地壳深熔条件下的转熔矿物研究进展 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
夏琼霞 《矿物岩石地球化学通报》2019,(3):508-521,439
地壳深熔作用有两种形式,即流体相缺乏的脱水熔融和流体相存在的加水熔融。由于地壳岩石中水含量的差异(岩石中含水矿物的丰度和外来水的加入量),岩石发生不同形式的部分熔融所需要的温度和压力条件有很大差异。转熔矿物是岩石发生不一致熔融的产物,在形成过程中携带了地壳深熔源区物质和熔体的大量信息,是追溯高温变质岩石经历深熔作用的最可靠依据。它们与高级变质岩中残留的变质矿物和岩浆或熔体中结晶的岩浆矿物具有明显不同的来源,分别代表了岩石曾经历的不同演化历史。通过对不同成因的矿物进行矿物结构、包裹体、主量元素、微量元素和同位素以及共生矿物组合等多方面的综合考察,可以有效识别出高级变质岩中的转熔矿物、变质残余矿物和岩浆矿物。准确识别高温-超高温变质岩以及花岗岩中不同成因的矿物相,是研究高温变质作用的前提条件,对研究混合岩和S型花岗岩的成因都起着非常重要的作用。 相似文献
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超高压变质岩——造山带深部过程的见证 总被引：9，自引：3，他引：6
超高压变质岩是大陆碰撞过程中俯冲于地幔较深部位的地壳物质（包括早先从地幔就位于地壳的超基性岩）,记录了地球系统内部物质再循环的过程。了解折返至地壳的超高压岩石的峰变质深度,是讨论造山带深部变质作用、岩浆形成和流体活动的关键,也是讨论折返机制的基础。详细的岩相学和变质反应热力学分析通常还不足以对岩石峰变质物理条件作出判断。高压下矿物固溶体的稳定性、相转变及出溶机制是最终解决问题的前提知识。柯石英假象具有特征的结构。并非只有相变才能引起矿物包裹体周围的放射状裂开。柯石英在寄主矿物中的保存情况对岩石的ｐ Ｔ路径有指示意义。以构造过压为主导的超高压变质作用观点与现有地质观察和高压下岩石的力学状态分析不相一致。定量估计构造过压在岩石俯冲过程中的作用尚需更深入的理论分析和观察资料。准确的ｐ Ｔ路径对于理解俯冲、折返机制至关重要。流体和熔体是岩石俯冲至较深部位时与地幔围岩发生物质交换的主要介质。进变质过程中岩石多放出流体,但也有一些发生在超高压下的水化或碳化反应。退变质过程晚期围岩流体渗入折返的超高压变质岩,但在退变质过程早期,由于温度增高,一些超高压含水矿物可能发生脱水。典型的地壳岩石在俯冲带深部很容易发生部分熔融。高? 相似文献
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公益明—高家村韧性变形带发育太古代花岗绿岩带与高级区接触带附近,在空间上呈近东西方向展布,是由北向南逆冲型韧性变形带。该韧性变形带遭受两期韧性变形作用改造,早期发生在地壳深部构造层次上角闪岩相条件下,以韧性变形机制为主。晚期变形作用发生地壳中浅部构造层次上,以韧脆性变形作用为主。韧性变形带内主要构造岩为构造片岩,是以新生的片状、纤状矿物为主的构造岩。宏观与微观不对称流动组构表明,韧性变形带运动方向为由北向南逆冲。韧性挤压逆冲变形作用发生太古代晚期,是由北部花岗绿岩带与南部高级区相互拼贴碰撞有关。 相似文献
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地壳不同构造层次岩石变形机制及其构造岩类型 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
构造岩记录地壳构造变形演化重要信息,其成因、分类与命名一直没有统一认识。本文对构造岩变形机制、控制因素和构造岩分类进行系统总结。认为构造岩形成受物质成分、变形机制、应变速率、流体、温度、压力等因素控制,是物质成分与物理化学条件、变形机制等众多变量的函数。变形机制包括破裂作用、碎裂流动、晶质塑性、物质扩散、重结晶作用和超塑性流动,不同变形机制出现在不同地壳构造层次中,形成不同的显微组构。依据成因机制、物质组成和组构等标志对构造岩分类与命名进行重新修订,将构造岩划分为碎裂岩系列和变质构造岩系列,前者发育在地壳浅构造层次上,以破裂作用和碎裂流动变形机制为主;后者发育在中深部构造层次上,以晶质塑性、重结晶作用、物质扩散作用和超塑性流动作用为主。碎裂岩系列划分碎裂岩、角砾岩、微角砾岩、超碎裂岩、断层泥和假玄武玻璃;变质构造岩系列划分为构造片岩、糜棱岩和构造片麻岩。依据岩石流变性质、变形机制和构造岩分布,地壳构造层次划分为:脆性域,变形机制以碎裂作用和碎裂流动为主,发育碎裂岩系列;脆-韧性转换域,以晶质塑性、物质扩散和重结晶作用为主,并伴随有碎裂作用,形成糜棱岩、千糜岩和构造片岩;低温韧性域,以晶质塑性、物质扩散和重结晶作为主,发育糜棱岩与构造片岩;高温韧性域,以超塑性蠕变和重结晶作用为主,形成构造片麻岩。 相似文献
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Two types of Precambrian high-grade metamorphism, Inner Mongolia, China 总被引：20，自引：0，他引：20
Abstract Archaean and Proterozoic granulite facies complexes of Inner Mongolia differ in lithological association, tectonic style, mineral assemblage and metamorphic P–T path. A nearly isobaric cooling path for Archaean high-grade metamorphic rocks is suggested by reaction textures and geothermobarometry. Early Proterozoic metamorphic rocks show nearly isothermal decompression. Archaean metamorphism may have been caused by magmatic accretion, whereas early Proterozoic metamorphism suggests a major continental thickening event followed by exhumation. 相似文献
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超高温变质作用是在变质地质学领域,继超高压变质作用研究高峰之后的又一重要前缘课题,对于认识地壳构造-热演化具有重要意义。本文总结了华北克拉通西部孔兹岩带和南非Kaapvaal克拉通西南部Namaqua活动带与Bushveld变质杂岩体的高温-超高温麻粒岩的化学成分、矿物组合、变质演化特征,及其相应的变质事件与构造属性。我国的超高温变质作用带,包括华北克拉通西部的孔兹岩带——从内蒙西段的大青山到东段的集宁-凉城地区的超高温变质岩,皆为Al-Mg质和Al饱和体系的超高温变质岩石,常见假蓝宝石+石英、尖晶石+石英的典型超高温变质组合,以及含假蓝宝石±尖晶石、但缺少石英的非典型超高温变质组合。南非Namaqua活动带与Bushveld变质杂岩体分别发现有独特的Fe-Al饱和的铁尖晶石+石英+大隅石、刚玉+高温石英等超高温矿物组合,罕见的高温硼硅酸盐和硅硼铝镁石等超高温矿物组合;以及Ca-Mg质饱和的钙镁橄榄石+镁硅钙石镁黄长石+镁橄榄石等超高温矿物组合的麻粒岩。研究的核心问题是矿物和岩石在高温-超高温条件下的特殊行为方式,不同构造环境和岩石化学成分下的变质反应及其热动力学过程。由此提出超高温变质作用成因研究中的科学问题:包括不同类型和地质属性的高温-超高温麻粒岩的成因特征;麻粒岩的形成条件演化过程和构造背景;高温-超高温变质过程中部分熔融和重新水化过程中流体的作用以及岩体形变过程中的部分熔融;变质反应以及变质作用P-T-t轨迹、元素地球化学和熔体作用行为;岩石保留的可能的变质事件和年代学记录,定量评价高温-超高温过程中变质演化的时间跨度和演化速率。 相似文献
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《Physics and Chemistry of the Earth, Part A: Solid Earth and Geodesy》1999,24(3):269-279
Partial melting changes rocks from single phase (solid) to two phase (solid+melt) systems. The bulk viscosity decreases as the melt fraction increases and this effect raises the rate of deformation and heat transfer, as well as causing crustal differentiation. Therefore, it is important to be able to recognise which rocks have partially melted.Macroscopic textures provide the simplest criteria for recognising partial melting. Melting and deformation are generally synchronous, and when the melt fraction retained is low (<20%) metatexite migmatites are formed. Typically, these are morphologically complex because the melt fraction is squeezed out of the deforming matrix and collects in whatever dilatant sites are present. The presence of melanosome layers and patches provides the best evidence of where the melt formed, and the leucosomes where it collected. Diatexite migmatites can be easily recognised by the presence of a flow foliation, schlieren, enclaves and vein like leucosomes, and are evidence of a high melt fraction and pervasive partial melting. For the unusual case of melting without synchronous deformation, rounded neosome patches containing both the melt and solid fractions of the melt-producing reaction develop and, as the degree of melting increases these enlarge, to form diatexite migmatites. In both cases the characteristic feature is an increased grainsize and loss of pre-migmatization structures. Migmatite textures are robust, they survive later deformation well.Microscopic textures such as: (1) thin films of quartz, plagioclase and K-feldspar along brain boundaries that represent crystallized melt and, (2) melt-solid reaction textures, also provide good criteria for identifying partially melted rocks. However, these textures are fragile and easily destroyed by deformation. The identification of mineral assemblages from which melt-forming reactions can be inferred is another reliable critera for recognising partial melting, but post-migmatization rehydration in granulite terranes can destroy this evidence.Whole rock geochemistry can be used to model the partial melting process, but problems in identifying the palaeosome and an unmodified melt compositions can restrict its application. However, whole rock geochemistry coupled with good field based control, can be used to deduce what processes have occurred in a terrane where the rocks have partially melted.Variations in field appearance, texture and composition are, in large part a consequence of whether, or not, and when, the melt-fraction separated from the solid fraction. 相似文献
14.
大别-苏鲁超高压和高压变质带构造演化 总被引：12，自引：0，他引：12
大别—苏鲁是世界上超高压 (UHP) ( >2 .7GPa)和高压 (HP)变质岩石出露最为广泛的地区。通过区域研究 ,尤其是在选择的 30多个关键位置上不同尺度构造记录的深入观察 ,结合已有的可利用的变质、热事件及同位素年代学资料分析 ,揭示出它们曾遭受过一个复杂的从深俯冲到折返构造演化历程 ,识别出 5个主要的构造变质事件 :( 1)由块状榴辉岩中发育的微弱面理和线理所代表的第 1期变形变质事件 (D1) ;( 2 )面状榴辉岩中发育的含拉伸线理的透入性主面理、中小型鞘状褶皱及网络状韧性剪切带 ,代表第 2期构造变质事件 (D2 ) ;( 3)第 3期变形事件主体发生于麻粒岩 /角闪岩相后成合晶形成之后 ,主要构造记录是区域性陡倾斜面理及不均一置换的成分层、榴辉岩透镜体及布丁群、面理内褶皱、网状韧性剪切带系统以及减压部分熔融作用形成的混合岩和含榴花岗质岩石组构 ;( 4)区域性的碰撞期后地壳韧性薄化及剪张作用 (D4)形成缓倾斜角闪岩相主面理及线理、穹状及弧形构造和多层韧性拆离带 ,它们主导了现今观察到的大别—苏鲁超高压和高压变质带的区域构造几何图像 ;( 5 )第 5期构造热事件 (D5)表现为不均一断块抬升、红色沉积盆地发育及大规模的岩体和岩脉就位 ,代表造山晚期的构造揭顶及坍陷作用 ,该期构造控制着造山带 相似文献
15.
A correlation between the style of partial melting and synmeta-morphic fluid flow exists in metapelites from the Mount Lofty Ranges, Reynolds Range, and Omeo Zone (Australia). Mount Lofty Ranges migmatites comprise granitic leucosomes in rocks that are still biotite rich, with no indications of other mafic minerals being formed along with the melts. By contrast, in the Reynolds and Omeo migmatites, garnet, cordierite, and/or spinel formed along with the melts. Oxygen isotope data are most consistent with the Mount Lofty Ranges undergoing significant fluid–rock interaction during regional metamorphism, which may have fluxed fluid-present partial melting. By contrast regional metamorphic fluid flow in the Reynolds Range and Omeo Zone was limited, leading to partial melting via fluid-absent reactions. The style of melting reactions may help to constrain the timing of isotopic resetting and fluid flow in metamorphic terrains, which is currently a contentious issue. 相似文献
16.
Interpreting tectonic histories from metamorphic tectonites requires an understanding of the linkages and feedbacks between deformation and metamorphism. Relationships between deformation and metamorphism can be divided into two broad groups: active and passive. Active relationships involve direct interactions whereby deformation directly influences metamorphic reactions or metamorphism directly affects the rate or style of deformation. One of the most important ‘active’ relationships is the role that deformation plays in helping to remove unstable reactant phases and to promote the growth of stable product phases. Passive relationships are correlations or linkages that allow the deformation history to be integrated with the metamorphic history. Compositional mapping of major and accessory phases and especially maps of larger thin section domains are particularly valuable for evaluating strain partitioning, scales of equilibrium, relationships between metamorphic textures and deformational fabrics, and in particular, for interpreting geochronological data. Petrological pseudosections are an increasingly utilized tool for interpreting microtextures and for linking deformation, metamorphism, and large‐scale tectonics. In situ geochronology and petrological analysis of chronometer phases (i.e. monazite, xenotime, titanite, allanite, etc.) are a critical part of tectonic analysis of metamorphic rocks. The electron microprobe plays an essential role in characterizing chronometer phases and placing them into the context of silicate fabrics and textures. 相似文献
17.
Banded iron-formations are main resources of global iron ore in which high-grade ore is mainly composed of martite–goethite and hematite. They are also the major resource of iron ore in China, mainly distributing in Liaoning and Hebei Province. In China, the iron ore with Fe greater than 50% is classified as high-grade iron ore. The high-grade iron ore mainly consists of magnetite and displays its unique characteristics. Gongchangling iron deposit is one typical BIF-iron deposit which contains 150 Mt of high-grade iron ore in China. The high-grade magnetite ore bodies mainly occur around magnetite quartzite, faults and the cores of folds and show positive relation to the development of the “altered rocks” in this deposit. This research shows that high-grade magnetite comes from magnetite quartzite and they are both formed, with little or no addition of aluminum-containing detrital material, by marine chemical deposition in reduced environment and they are closely related to seafloor hydrothermal activity.Muddy–silty rocks are original rocks of “altered rocks”, of which the primitive mantle normalized REE pattern, except Eu, is consistent with that of iron ore, reflecting that their formation is related to the formation of high-grade magnetite ore. Therefore, the formation mechanism of high-grade iron ore is proposed as following: the regional metamorphism provides storage space for the formation of high-grade magnetite ore and required temperature and pressure conditions for the mineral transformation; the regional metamorphic hydrothermal fluid leaches FeO out of magnetite quartzite when it passes by; and the FeO that leached out moves near faults or cores of folds together with the metamorphic hydrothermal fluid and aluminum-containing rocks, of which the original rocks are muddy–silty; in the formation of high-grade iron ore, aluminum-containing rock appears in the intervals of sedimentation of iron-containing rock series and consumes the silicon leached out of magnetite quartzite and forms garnet, chlorite, and biotite. 相似文献