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1.
塔北中新生代构造演化与砂岩型铀成矿作用关系——来自磷灰石裂变径迹的证据 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
塔里木盆地北部萨瓦甫齐及塔里克地区4个样品的磷灰石裂变径迹测年以及热史反演结果显示,两个地区的隆升时代不同,其中萨瓦甫齐地区裂变径迹年龄为3．5～3．9Ma,而塔里克地区的裂变径迹年龄为53～59Ma。热史分析揭示出岩体至少记录了自晚白垩世以来的3个显著冷却阶段。同时,结合前人对塔北中新生代隆升剥蚀研究结果,重点对塔北地区中新生代构造隆升阶段进行了详细研究与划分,结合新疆中新生代砂岩型铀成矿年龄,提出了对塔北地区中新生代构造演化与砂岩型铀成矿作用的新认识。 相似文献
2.
大巴山中-新生代隆升的裂变径迹证据 总被引：8，自引：2，他引：8
大巴山中-新生代隆升作用的研究不仅对全面认识秦岭造山带的演化具有重要的意义,而且对川东北地区的油气勘探也具有重要的指导意义.对采自大巴山地区的18个样品进行了磷灰石裂变径迹测年及热历史模拟分析.分析结果表明大巴山自白垩世120～110Ma开始隆升,表现为持续的隆升过程,经历了快速隆升→平稳→加速隆升3个阶段,并且随着大巴山由北东向南西构造的扩展变形,隆升年龄表现出阶段性递进年轻的特点.大巴山120～110Ma的快速隆升冷却事件是秦岭造山带白垩世区域性隆升剥露作用的体现.随后大巴山进入了一个构造相对稳定的阶段,样品滞留在部分退火带中.10～6Ma以来大巴山加速隆升,这一构造事件是青藏高原东部边界向东扩展的响应. 相似文献
3.
青藏高原具有复杂的构造演化特征,该地区自中、新生代以来的构造隆升和构造演化机制一直是地质研究的热点。为精细刻画青藏高原板块、华北板块和华南板块之间的拼合关系及差异性隆升特征,对位于青藏高原东北端的碧口地块进行了磷灰石和锆石裂变径迹测试,以及热史模拟和岩石冷却速率计算。结果锆石和磷灰石裂变径迹年龄分别在（118±5～265±29）Ma和（29.0±2.7～54.0±7.0）Ma之间;碧口地块东北缘及北缘冷却速率接近,在3.125～3.448 ℃/Ma之间,东缘冷却速率相对较低,为2.041～2.273 ℃/Ma。结果表明,中、新生代以来,碧口地块及其周缘总体上经历了持续隆升过程,但不同地区隆升特征具有差异性：碧口地块北侧在早、中侏罗世（151±7）Ma经历了构造挤压和隆升过程;东部相对较晚,在晚侏罗世（143±11）Ma经历了构造隆升阶段;东北端在早白垩世才与华北板块拼接并进入持续构造隆升阶段。进入古近纪（54.0±7.0）Ma隆升阶段,即始新世早期后,碧口地块东缘在始新世中后期（44 Ma）开始发生构造隆升,北缘自渐新世中晚期（29～32 Ma）开始发生显著的构造隆升。上述区域在10 Ma（中新世晚期）共同进入快速隆升阶段。 相似文献
4.
通过对四川盆地东南缘8件不同层位的磷灰石样品裂变径迹的分析,获得了该区中新生代构造隆升的时限,并分析了其构造和油气地质意义。磷灰石裂变径迹分布形态总体具有单峰特征,部分具有双峰特征,平均径迹长度在10～13μm,标准偏差在1.5～2.5μm,反映了磷灰石在地质历史时期经历过较缓慢的冷却退火过程。样品的热史模拟结果显示,所有样品在进入部分退火带(PAZ)以后没有再经历明显的沉降埋藏,均表现为持续的隆升,但不同地区进入隆升期的先后次序不同。盆地东南缘的隆升起始时间在95～60Ma左右,即晚白垩世—古近纪,向北到达盆地边缘的时间为40～35Ma,为古近纪晚期。几乎所有的样品都具有晚期快速抬升的特点,抬升时限均在10Ma以内,多数小于5Ma,部分小于2Ma。从油气地质的角度看,川东南地区喜山期的强烈隆升一方面可能造成已有的气藏破坏,另一方面也可能有利于形成新的具裂缝性储层的岩性气藏或者水溶气气藏。 相似文献
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对青海东昆仑东山根矿区所采集的7个磷灰石样品进行分析,所获得的磷灰石裂变径迹年龄分布在136~67 Ma,具体分为136~112 Ma、101~95 Ma和74~67 Ma 3个年龄组,这较好地体现了该地区所经历的构造隆升事件。东山根矿区热历史可分为4个阶段：第1阶段(160~80 Ma),是羌塘地块与拉萨地块发生向欧亚板块挤压拼贴作用的响应阶段;第2阶段(120~80 Ma),经历了阿尔金断裂走滑,青藏高原北部隆升,以及燕山晚期冈底斯地体向北俯冲运动,直到早白垩世晚期发生快速冷却抬升;第3阶段(80~23 Ma),构造事件相对平稳,整体呈轻微抬升,样品随地质体隆升缓慢降温;第4阶段(23 Ma至今),快速冷却抬升,对应印度板块对欧亚板块的碰撞作用。 相似文献
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西天山山脉多期次隆升-剥露的裂变径迹证据 总被引：14，自引：1，他引：14
磷灰石的裂变径迹法已经广泛地应用于限定山脉的隆升剥露历史研究。天山山脉的隆升历史一直存在争议,西天山山脉的构造隆升研究则相对更为缺乏。野外系统采集三个横穿西天山察汗乌苏山剖面的花岗岩、火山岩等样品,挑选磷灰石开展了裂变径迹测试分析工作。测试结果表明,西天山可能存在多期次的构造隆升事件;进一步利用实测的磷灰石裂变径迹年龄数据和径迹长度,开展了磷灰石的温度时间反演模拟研究。模拟结果结合区域性的地质资料分析推断,西天山山脉自中生代以来存在4个阶段构造隆升剥露事件,分别为:三叠纪末—早侏罗纪(220～180Ma)、侏罗纪中期(170～140Ma)、白垩纪中期(110～80Ma)和晚新生代(24Ma以来)。 相似文献
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为定量分析青藏高原东北部中新生代以来构造隆升时序及特征,笔者开展了磷灰石和锆石裂变径迹年龄测试。结果表明：研究区磷灰石裂变径迹年龄为(66±9)～(4.3±1) Ma,锆石裂变径迹年龄为(187±11)～(69±4) Ma,东北部及东部裂变径迹年龄值较大;研究区西北缘构造隆升较早(200～160 Ma),东南部隆升相对较晚(140～30 Ma),西(南)部构造隆升最晚(90～10 Ma),新近纪之后则整体进入构造隆升;岩石冷却速率和剥蚀速率广元—江油一带西侧较高,红原—文县一带南侧更高,理县附近最大,分别为23.26℃/Ma和0.78 mm/a,这种分区差异性主要受多条区域性大型断裂带制约。 相似文献
8.
西藏冈底斯带南木林地区构造活动的磷灰石裂变径迹分析 总被引：4，自引：4，他引：4
南木林地区属于冈底斯地块的南带,研究样品取自不同时代的火山岩地层,本文报道应用磷灰石裂变径迹热年代学研究构造活动的新成果。总计获得5个样品的磷灰石裂变径迹分析结果,其中3个样品属于同组年龄,分剐为5.9±0.7Ma,5.2±0.6 Ma和8.7±1.0Ma,平均径迹长度为13.0→13.2±2.2μm,并呈单峰分布,表明它们是最近一次构造热事件的体现。另2个样品属于混合年龄,系由7.1Ma、30Ma、9.6Ma、51Ma和100Ma等5组年龄组成。所有这些年龄值,先后与区内碰撞前、同碰撞、碰撞后和陆内快速隆升作用有关。自印度-亚洲大陆强烈碰撞以来,总体上具有2阶段热演化历史,其中6～0Ma期间冷却速率为11.3℃～16.7℃/Ma,隆升速率为0.85～0.99mm/a,总计隆升幅度达5100～5940m,是本区冷却隆升的主要时期。 相似文献
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前人已经对西天山及邻区以及阿尔金断裂带进行了大量中—新生代隆升-剥露的研究工作,但对东天山地区的研究工作很少。天山造山带中—新生代期间的隆升-剥露过程是否具有均一性,目前仍没有确切的认识。为了获得东天山地区中生代以来的隆升-剥露信息,对吐哈盆地东南缘雅满苏地区磷灰石裂变径迹进行了研究。研究表明,在不同构造位置采集的花岗岩、砂岩、火山岩样品年龄集中分布在81~53Ma,样品年龄记录了东天山地区晚白垩世—古新世发生的冷却事件。磷灰石裂变径迹平均长度为13.60~14.36μm,接近于磷灰石初始径迹长度约14.5μm,表明径迹形成后没有发生过明显的退火作用。根据地温梯度计算得到东天山晚白垩世以来的平均隆升速率约为4.31×10-2 mm/a。进一步的热史模拟表明,晚白垩世—古新世(80~50Ma)期间东天山地区经历了一次隆升-剥露事件;始新世以后(50 Ma),东天山地区地壳处于稳定状态,东天山隆起带现在的构造面貌基本继承了中生代的特征。 相似文献
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磷灰石裂变径迹研究新疆阿尔泰山南缘剥露历史及古地形再造 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
本文应用裂变径迹技术对阿尔泰地区13个磷灰石裂变径迹样品进行分析研究,揭示了该地区的隆升剥露历史,并进行了古地形再造.热历史演化模式具有3个阶段的特征:①约120～80 Ma至70 Ma,温度较高,处于磷灰石裂变径迹退火带底部温度,主体高于100℃,晚白垩世末期和早第三纪初期,阿尔泰地区构造运动不明显,仅有微弱的升降运动,均夷作用显著;②从80～70 Ma至30～20 Ma,快速冷却,温度由85～75℃降至35～30℃,晚第三纪,自中新世起,特别是中新世中晚期,由于喜马拉雅运动的影响,块断升降运动较为加强,山区上升,盆地相对下降;③从约30～20 Ma至现今,缓慢冷却,温度由35～30℃降为现在的地表温度(平均20℃).三阶段隆升速率分别为0.025 mm/a,0.027 mm/a和0.02 mm/a;隆升幅度分别为1.14 km,1.34 km和0.43 km.地表隆升幅度变化于634～2394m之间.区内平均剥蚀量为2168m,平均隆升量3318m,二者之差1150 m便是现在的平均高程. 相似文献
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S. Viswanathan K. Surya Prakash Rao B. Mahabaleswar 《Journal of the Geological Society of India》2013,82(6):621-627
Komatiites are mantle-derived ultramafic volcanic rocks. Komatiites have been discovered in several States of India, notably in Karnataka. Studies on the distribution of trace-elements in the komatiites of India are very few. This paper proposes a simple, accurate, precise, rapid, and non-destructive wavelength-dispersive x-ray fluorescence (WDXRF) spectrometric technique for determining Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th in komatiites, and discusses the accuracy, precision, limits of detection, x-ray spectral-line interferences, inter-element effects, speed, advantages, and limitations of the technique. The accuracy of the technique is excellent (within 3%) for Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th and very good (within 4%) for Y. The precision is also excellent (within 3%) for Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th. The limits of detection are: 1 ppm for Sc and V; 2 ppm for Cr, Co, and Ni; 3 ppm for Cu, Zn, Rb, and Sr; 4 ppm for Y and Zr; 6 ppm for Nb; 10 ppm for Ba; 13 ppm for Pb; and 14 ppm for Th. The time taken for determining Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th in a batch of 24 samples of komatiites, for a replication of four analyses per sample, by one operator, using a manual WDXRF spectrometer, is only 60 hours. 相似文献
12.
E. M. Prasolov S. A. Sergeev B. V. Belyatsky E. S. Bogomolov K. A. Gruzdov I. N. Kapitonov R. Sh. Krymsky V. O. Khalenev 《Geochemistry International》2018,56(1):46-64
This paper reports the first results of a study of 11 isotope systems (3He/4He, 40Ar/36Ar, 34S/32S, 65Cu/63Cu, 62Ni/60Ni, 87Sr/86Sr, 143Nd/144Nd, 206–208Pb/204Pb, Hf–Nd, U–Pb, and Re–Os) in the rocks and ores of the Cu–Ni–PGE deposits of the Norilsk ore district. Almost all the results were obtained at the Center of Isotopic Research of the Karpinskii All-Russia Research Institute of Geology. The use of a number of independent genetic isotopic signatures and comprehensive isotopic knowledge provided a methodic basis for the interpretation of approximately 5000 isotopic analyses of various elements. The presence of materials from two sources, crust and mantle, was detected in the composition of the rocks and ores. The contribution of the crustal source is especially significant in the paleofluids (gas–liquid microinclusions) of the ore-forming medium. Crustal solutions were probably a transport medium during ore formation. Air argon is dominant in the ores, which indicates a connection between the paleofluids and the atmosphere. This suggests intense groundwater circulation during the crystallization of ore minerals. The age of the rocks and ores of the Norilsk deposits was determined. The stage of orebody formation is restricted to a narrow age interval of 250 ± 10 Ma. An isotopic criterion was proposed for the ore-bearing potential of mafic intrusions in the Norilsk–Taimyr region. It includes several interrelated isotopic ratios of various elements: He, Ar, S, and others. 相似文献
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14.
奥地利安东帕有限公司 《岩矿测试》2009,28(3):306-306
最新的流行病学研究表明,空气中较高浓度的悬浮细颗粒可能对人类的健康有不利的影响。根据该项研究显示,由于心脏病、慢性呼吸问题和肺功能指标恶化而导致死亡率的升高与细尘粒子有关。这些研究结果已经促使欧盟于1999年4月出台了限制空气中二氧化硫、二氧化氮、氧化氮、铅和颗粒物含量的法案(1999/30/EC),对各项指标包括对可吸入PM10颗粒的浓度提出了新的限制性指标。PM10颗粒是指可以通过预分级器分离采集的气体动力学直径小于10μm的细颗粒。目前研究的兴趣重点逐步偏向PM2.5这些更细微颗粒物,PM2.5这种颗粒物对健康有明显的不利影响。在欧盟指令2008/50/EC中,对PM10和PM2.5都提 相似文献
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Mining induced subsidence can significantly affect mining costs where major surface facilities and natural environment need to be protected. Overburden grout injection is a technology used to control coal mine subsidence by injecting the mine waste material extracted from the coal back into the inter-burden rock during longwall mining. The flowing slurry is here categorised as a nonlinear viscous cohesive (Bingham plastic) fluid. During longwall mining the grout slurry is pumped into the separated beds of the rock mass through a central vertical borehole, which is drilled deep into the inter-burden rock strata above the coal seam. However, a blockage can occur in the injection system when the slurry velocity falls below a certain critical threshold velocity, indicating a material phase change from cohesive-viscous to cohesive-frictional. In situ field injection tests through boreholes have been simulated at a smaller scale at the CSIRO laboratory in Brisbane by pumping the slurry through a radial disk (gap = 4 mm) from its centre. Laboratory experiments indicate a general, nonlinear, cohesive, viscous, frictional model for shear behaviour of the slurry, in which the material shear parameters are functions of the disk radial distance. Complete dimensional and dimensionless analytical solutions have been developed based on an approach related to Bingham–Herschel–Bulkley fluid mechanics. The derived formulae include relations for minimum pump pressure, local pressure and pressure gradient, wall shear stress, volume rate, velocity and velocity gradient. The theoretical results match the experimental measurements. The experiments covered slurries with maximum particle sizes of 0.5 to 2 mm with about 50% being larger than 100 µm. The viscosities at the various solids concentrations were measured with a standard torsion viscometer. This study differs from the previous research in several distinct aspects, namely, consideration of the variable shear parameters rather than fixed values, inclusion of total nonlinear behaviour, and implementation of a friction function to mimic behaviour of the deposited and consolidating stiff slurry, which can cause a significant pressure rise as a result of the increased shear resistance. 相似文献
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Alexander E. C. Broberg J. S. Kehren A. R. Graziani M. M. Turri W. L. 《Environmental Geology》1993,22(4):353-361
Bellechester, Minnesota, is a small community of approximately 155 residents located on the county line between Goodhue and Wabasha counties in southeast Minnesota's karst region. Bellechester is served by a 21-year-old wastewater treatment facility (WWTF) consisting of three waste-stabilization ponds. On 28 April 1992 six sinkholes were discovered to have drained cell 2 of the WWTF resulting in the loss of approximately 8.7×106 1 of partially treated effluent and about 600 m3 of soil into previously undetected subsurface voids of unknown dimensions. In the week following the collapse, approximately 200 water wells located within a 5-km radius of the WWTF were sampled in an after-the-fact, emergency sampling program. Twelve samples with elevated fecal coliform levels, 18 samples with nitrate-nitrogen greater than the 10 mg/1 standard, and no samples with elevated chlorides were found. However, the elevated levels could not be unambiguously attributed to the WWTF collapse. This is the third WWTF to fail by sinkhole collapse in southeast Minnesota since 1974. All three collapsed lagoons have been located in similar geomorphic and stratigraphic settings. However, at least two lagoons have collapsed in the adjacent area in northeast Iowa, and these lagoons are located at different stratigraphic positions. Twenty-two WWTFs constructed in southeast Minnesota's karst region in the last 25 years have been identified as subject to potential sinkhole collapse. An unknown but significant number of manure storage lagoons, flood control structures, etc., have also been constructed in the karst region and are at risk. Public agencies are beginning to develop plans to deal with the risk associated with existing and future waste lagoons in this environment. The critical hydrogeologic parameters that can be used to prioritize the risk of collapse at existing facilities include: (1) the lithology of the first bedrock beneath each lagoon, (2) the thickness of surficial materials between the lagoon and the bedrock surface, (3) the presence and construction of liners (seepage rate), and (4) the proximity to existing sinkholes. 相似文献
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岩石密度和超高压岩石折返速率 总被引：1，自引：3，他引：1
在常温常压条件下对中国大陆科学钻CCSD主孔100-3000米岩心样品进行了密度测量,建立了密度连续剖面,并界定了不同超高压岩石的密度值。通过对比高温高压物性实验资料,岩石密度随着退变程度增强而降低,榴辉岩密度变化序列为3.52g/cm3→3.49g/cm3→3.07g/cm3→2.93g/cm3。超高压长英质岩石密度变化序列为3.00g/cm→2.80g/cm3→2.65g/cm3。上述实验资料是讨论不同折返阶段岩石所受浮力的基础,为研究折返速率大小提供了基本参数。本文通过折返板块运动平衡时,上浮力与粘滞力平衡这一关系式,定量研究了大陆俯冲板块的折返速率,认为密度差产生上浮力从而引起折返,温度对板块折返速率的影响最为显著;密度差大小、折返角度、折返板块大小对折返速率也有直接的影响。定量模拟分析表明,在温度高于850℃时,板块的折返速率可以超过100mm/a;当温度降至700℃时,折返速率则低于1.5mm/a。作者认为在折返早期,温度较高,板块快速折返至60-70km榴辉岩相深度;随着传导散热,温度降低,板块以较慢的速率折返至中下地壳。折返速率的估算表明,浮力是板块折返第一阶段(从>100km深部折返至<40km的中下地壳)的主要驱动力。 相似文献
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Mercury,arsenic, antimony,and selenium contents of sediment from the Kuskokwim River,Bethel, Alaska,USA 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
The Kuskokwim River at Bethel, Alaska, drains a major mercury-antimony metallogenic province in its upper reaches and tributaries. Bethel (population 4000) is situated on the Kuskokwim floodplain and also draws its water supply from wells located in river-deposited sediment. A boring through overbank and floodplain sediment has provided material to establish a baseline datum for sediment-hosted heavy metals. Mercury (total), arsenic, antimony, and selenium contents were determined; aluminum was also determined and used as normalizing factor. The contents of the heavy metals were relatively constant with depth and do not reflect any potential enrichment from upstream contaminant sources. 相似文献