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绿松石玉是主要由含水的铜铝磷酸盐矿物-绿松石组成的一种珍贵玉石,在珠宝市场上深受消费者青睐。本文通过偏光显微镜、电子探针、激光拉曼光谱测试技术对产自蒙古国某地的绿松石玉样品的矿物组成、成因及拉曼光谱进行分析研究,推断了该地绿松石玉样品的矿床成因类型,以期为今后优质绿松石玉的找矿勘查提供相关参考资料。结果显示:蒙古国绿松石玉由主要矿物绿松石和次要矿物石英、白云母、黄铁矿、黄铜矿、铜蓝及辉铜矿等组成,推测该绿松石玉样品产自硫化物矿床的次生富集带,其矿床类型属于原生多金属硫化物矿床经由风化淋滤形成的次生富集带型。该地绿松石与其他产地绿松石的拉曼光谱存在差异,推测可能由于绿松石中水的存在方式和含量、阴离子的种类和数量、元素的类质同象置换及产地的气候条件等影响所致。 相似文献
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安徽省殿庵山地区绿松石属于新近发现的小规模开采的玉石资源。采用电子探针、扫描电子显微镜、傅里叶变换红外光谱仪、紫外一可见光谱仪等测试方法,重点就该地区绿松石的化学成分、矿物组成、微结构、红外吸收光谱、紫外一可见吸收光谱等特征进行综合对比研究。结果表明,该地区绿松石的化学成分以贫Si、相对富Fe为特征,随着FeOT／CuO比值的递增,绿松石色调由蓝逐渐变绿。该类绿松石以结核状、细脉状产出,主要为微晶和鳞片状结构,部分为放射纤维状结构、团粒状结构及皮壳状结构。该类绿松石孔洞内微晶普遍发育,主要以毛发状、微针状、短柱状及板片状相互交织结晶生长,殿庵山绿松石整体显示风化淋滤型矿床所特有的特征。笔者对绿松石的颜色成因及矿床成因进行初步探讨。 相似文献
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对竹山县绿松石矿床分布、矿床构造、地球化学特征等的分析表明,竹山县绿松石矿的形成受到地层、岩性及构造断裂双重控制;富含成矿元素铜、磷,岩性为黑色碳泥质板岩及碳硅质板岩(黑色岩系)的下寒武统水沟口组既为绿松石矿的赋矿层又为矿源层;线状分布的断裂构造控制了绿松石矿床的分布规律和矿床规模;矿床形成于地表水的风化淋滤和再沉积(沉淀)作用,矿液温度介于17℃～35℃之间。 相似文献
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应用扫描电镜-X射线衍射-电子探针技术研究河南淅川绿松石矿物学特征 总被引：4，自引：3，他引：1
河南省淅川县位于我国重要绿松石产区——秦岭东部绿松石矿区东延部分,与淅川毗邻的许多早期考古遗址中出土了大量的绿松石制品,因此淅川绿松石的矿料流布受到许多考古学者的关注。研究淅川绿松石的矿物学特征有助于完善我国不同矿区绿松石矿物学研究,为追溯我国早期绿松石文物的矿料来源提供重要的数据支撑。本文利用偏光显微镜观察、扫描电镜、粉晶X射线衍射等技术对淅川绿松石进行结构研究,辅以电子探针、背散射电子图像观察等方法研究了淅川绿松石的矿物组合。结果表明:淅川绿松石主要由细小的鳞片状、短柱状、板片状微晶集合体组成,可见环带状、结核状、碎斑碎粒状结构;通过对比不同样品的微晶结构,可知其微晶的大小、晶型和分布状态会影响淅川绿松石集合体的致密程度和颜色;淅川绿松石集合体中常见石英、玉髓和铁氧化物,部分样品含有硫磷铝锶矿。通过对比其他矿区绿松石矿物组合,发现淅川绿松石与湖北地区的绿松石矿物组成相近,主要杂质为石英、褐铁矿,明显区别于安徽地区以高岭石为主要杂质矿物的绿松石。 相似文献
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近期在市场上出现一种绿松石仿制品,外观与天然绿松石极为相似,极具迷惑性.采用常规宝石学测试方法、红外吸收光谱、显微红外吸收光谱、紫外可见吸收光谱、X荧光能谱对其宝石学性质、光谱特征进行了系统研究分析.结果 表明:这种绿松石仿制品具有粒状结构,可见角砾状颗粒,颜色分布均匀,具有典型的再造宝石特征.该绿松石仿制品折射率为1.56,与绿松石一致,相对密度为2.34,略低于绿松石.无损显微红外吸收光谱显示该绿松石仿制品主要由顽火辉石与石英组成,并含有胶结物质.顽火辉石的红外吸收峰为1083 cm-1,1009 cm-1,938 cm-1,855 cm-1,721 cm-1,647 cm-1,505 cm-1,478 cm-1,424 cm-1.石英的红外光谱吸收峰为1182 c m-1,1112 cm-1,800 cm-1,692 cm-1.有机胶结物的红外吸收峰为2978 cm-1,2937 cm-1,2878 cm-1,3055 cm-1,3035 cm-1,1612 cm-1,1512 cm-1,1385 cm-1,1458 cm-1.X荧光光谱分析显示主要含有Ba,Ti,Sr,Fe,Ni,Zn元素,与绿松石的成分不相符.紫外可见光谱分析显示在680 nm、630 nm处具有吸收带,应是样品呈现蓝绿色的原因.本次研究旨在利用无损检验方法确定样品为仿绿松石,并确定有环氧树脂胶结物的存在. 相似文献
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绿松石呈色机理初探 总被引：7，自引：1，他引：6
矿物的成分、结构和键型是复杂的,所以引起矿物颜色变化的因素也是复杂的：一种矿物的颜色往往是多种呈色机制的总效应。绿松石是一种白色玉石,即它的颜色是由自身的成分和结构决定的。电子探针分析了不同颜色的绿松石的化学成分,从实验结果看出,绿松石的颜色主要由Cu^2 、Fe^3 离子决定,Cu^2 离子对绿松石的基色——天蓝色起有益作用,而Fe^3 起相反作用,二者含量多少决定了色调的变化特点。这与用晶体场理论和光谱实验观测解释的呈色机制是一致的。差热分析和热分析结果认为,吸附水和结晶水的存在对绿松石的颜色有一定影响：吸附水含量较高的样品,其颜色较深;当样品经300℃灼烧后(绿松石失去部分或全部结晶水),其颜色发生明显变化,由蓝变为黄绿。 相似文献
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安徽马鞍山地区假象绿松石的研究 总被引：8，自引：1，他引：8
笔者在马鞍山地区发现了假象绿松石。在矿物和矿床的很多特征上，假象绿松石与结核状和细脉状绿松石是相似的，但是，假象绿松石保留了磷灰石的晶体形态，其成矿母岩是磷灰石－磁铁矿－阳起石脉岩，假象绿松石的生成需要特定的岩石，地质构造，围岩（母岩）蚀变和地表氧化等条件，因此，它在世界上是罕见的。 相似文献
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S. Viswanathan K. Surya Prakash Rao B. Mahabaleswar 《Journal of the Geological Society of India》2013,82(6):621-627
Komatiites are mantle-derived ultramafic volcanic rocks. Komatiites have been discovered in several States of India, notably in Karnataka. Studies on the distribution of trace-elements in the komatiites of India are very few. This paper proposes a simple, accurate, precise, rapid, and non-destructive wavelength-dispersive x-ray fluorescence (WDXRF) spectrometric technique for determining Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th in komatiites, and discusses the accuracy, precision, limits of detection, x-ray spectral-line interferences, inter-element effects, speed, advantages, and limitations of the technique. The accuracy of the technique is excellent (within 3%) for Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th and very good (within 4%) for Y. The precision is also excellent (within 3%) for Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th. The limits of detection are: 1 ppm for Sc and V; 2 ppm for Cr, Co, and Ni; 3 ppm for Cu, Zn, Rb, and Sr; 4 ppm for Y and Zr; 6 ppm for Nb; 10 ppm for Ba; 13 ppm for Pb; and 14 ppm for Th. The time taken for determining Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th in a batch of 24 samples of komatiites, for a replication of four analyses per sample, by one operator, using a manual WDXRF spectrometer, is only 60 hours. 相似文献
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E. M. Prasolov S. A. Sergeev B. V. Belyatsky E. S. Bogomolov K. A. Gruzdov I. N. Kapitonov R. Sh. Krymsky V. O. Khalenev 《Geochemistry International》2018,56(1):46-64
This paper reports the first results of a study of 11 isotope systems (3He/4He, 40Ar/36Ar, 34S/32S, 65Cu/63Cu, 62Ni/60Ni, 87Sr/86Sr, 143Nd/144Nd, 206–208Pb/204Pb, Hf–Nd, U–Pb, and Re–Os) in the rocks and ores of the Cu–Ni–PGE deposits of the Norilsk ore district. Almost all the results were obtained at the Center of Isotopic Research of the Karpinskii All-Russia Research Institute of Geology. The use of a number of independent genetic isotopic signatures and comprehensive isotopic knowledge provided a methodic basis for the interpretation of approximately 5000 isotopic analyses of various elements. The presence of materials from two sources, crust and mantle, was detected in the composition of the rocks and ores. The contribution of the crustal source is especially significant in the paleofluids (gas–liquid microinclusions) of the ore-forming medium. Crustal solutions were probably a transport medium during ore formation. Air argon is dominant in the ores, which indicates a connection between the paleofluids and the atmosphere. This suggests intense groundwater circulation during the crystallization of ore minerals. The age of the rocks and ores of the Norilsk deposits was determined. The stage of orebody formation is restricted to a narrow age interval of 250 ± 10 Ma. An isotopic criterion was proposed for the ore-bearing potential of mafic intrusions in the Norilsk–Taimyr region. It includes several interrelated isotopic ratios of various elements: He, Ar, S, and others. 相似文献
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奥地利安东帕有限公司 《岩矿测试》2009,28(3):306-306
最新的流行病学研究表明,空气中较高浓度的悬浮细颗粒可能对人类的健康有不利的影响。根据该项研究显示,由于心脏病、慢性呼吸问题和肺功能指标恶化而导致死亡率的升高与细尘粒子有关。这些研究结果已经促使欧盟于1999年4月出台了限制空气中二氧化硫、二氧化氮、氧化氮、铅和颗粒物含量的法案(1999/30/EC),对各项指标包括对可吸入PM10颗粒的浓度提出了新的限制性指标。PM10颗粒是指可以通过预分级器分离采集的气体动力学直径小于10μm的细颗粒。目前研究的兴趣重点逐步偏向PM2.5这些更细微颗粒物,PM2.5这种颗粒物对健康有明显的不利影响。在欧盟指令2008/50/EC中,对PM10和PM2.5都提 相似文献
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Mining induced subsidence can significantly affect mining costs where major surface facilities and natural environment need to be protected. Overburden grout injection is a technology used to control coal mine subsidence by injecting the mine waste material extracted from the coal back into the inter-burden rock during longwall mining. The flowing slurry is here categorised as a nonlinear viscous cohesive (Bingham plastic) fluid. During longwall mining the grout slurry is pumped into the separated beds of the rock mass through a central vertical borehole, which is drilled deep into the inter-burden rock strata above the coal seam. However, a blockage can occur in the injection system when the slurry velocity falls below a certain critical threshold velocity, indicating a material phase change from cohesive-viscous to cohesive-frictional. In situ field injection tests through boreholes have been simulated at a smaller scale at the CSIRO laboratory in Brisbane by pumping the slurry through a radial disk (gap = 4 mm) from its centre. Laboratory experiments indicate a general, nonlinear, cohesive, viscous, frictional model for shear behaviour of the slurry, in which the material shear parameters are functions of the disk radial distance. Complete dimensional and dimensionless analytical solutions have been developed based on an approach related to Bingham–Herschel–Bulkley fluid mechanics. The derived formulae include relations for minimum pump pressure, local pressure and pressure gradient, wall shear stress, volume rate, velocity and velocity gradient. The theoretical results match the experimental measurements. The experiments covered slurries with maximum particle sizes of 0.5 to 2 mm with about 50% being larger than 100 µm. The viscosities at the various solids concentrations were measured with a standard torsion viscometer. This study differs from the previous research in several distinct aspects, namely, consideration of the variable shear parameters rather than fixed values, inclusion of total nonlinear behaviour, and implementation of a friction function to mimic behaviour of the deposited and consolidating stiff slurry, which can cause a significant pressure rise as a result of the increased shear resistance. 相似文献
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Alexander E. C. Broberg J. S. Kehren A. R. Graziani M. M. Turri W. L. 《Environmental Geology》1993,22(4):353-361
Bellechester, Minnesota, is a small community of approximately 155 residents located on the county line between Goodhue and Wabasha counties in southeast Minnesota's karst region. Bellechester is served by a 21-year-old wastewater treatment facility (WWTF) consisting of three waste-stabilization ponds. On 28 April 1992 six sinkholes were discovered to have drained cell 2 of the WWTF resulting in the loss of approximately 8.7×106 1 of partially treated effluent and about 600 m3 of soil into previously undetected subsurface voids of unknown dimensions. In the week following the collapse, approximately 200 water wells located within a 5-km radius of the WWTF were sampled in an after-the-fact, emergency sampling program. Twelve samples with elevated fecal coliform levels, 18 samples with nitrate-nitrogen greater than the 10 mg/1 standard, and no samples with elevated chlorides were found. However, the elevated levels could not be unambiguously attributed to the WWTF collapse. This is the third WWTF to fail by sinkhole collapse in southeast Minnesota since 1974. All three collapsed lagoons have been located in similar geomorphic and stratigraphic settings. However, at least two lagoons have collapsed in the adjacent area in northeast Iowa, and these lagoons are located at different stratigraphic positions. Twenty-two WWTFs constructed in southeast Minnesota's karst region in the last 25 years have been identified as subject to potential sinkhole collapse. An unknown but significant number of manure storage lagoons, flood control structures, etc., have also been constructed in the karst region and are at risk. Public agencies are beginning to develop plans to deal with the risk associated with existing and future waste lagoons in this environment. The critical hydrogeologic parameters that can be used to prioritize the risk of collapse at existing facilities include: (1) the lithology of the first bedrock beneath each lagoon, (2) the thickness of surficial materials between the lagoon and the bedrock surface, (3) the presence and construction of liners (seepage rate), and (4) the proximity to existing sinkholes. 相似文献
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岩石密度和超高压岩石折返速率 总被引：1，自引：3，他引：1
在常温常压条件下对中国大陆科学钻CCSD主孔100-3000米岩心样品进行了密度测量,建立了密度连续剖面,并界定了不同超高压岩石的密度值。通过对比高温高压物性实验资料,岩石密度随着退变程度增强而降低,榴辉岩密度变化序列为3.52g/cm3→3.49g/cm3→3.07g/cm3→2.93g/cm3。超高压长英质岩石密度变化序列为3.00g/cm→2.80g/cm3→2.65g/cm3。上述实验资料是讨论不同折返阶段岩石所受浮力的基础,为研究折返速率大小提供了基本参数。本文通过折返板块运动平衡时,上浮力与粘滞力平衡这一关系式,定量研究了大陆俯冲板块的折返速率,认为密度差产生上浮力从而引起折返,温度对板块折返速率的影响最为显著;密度差大小、折返角度、折返板块大小对折返速率也有直接的影响。定量模拟分析表明,在温度高于850℃时,板块的折返速率可以超过100mm/a;当温度降至700℃时,折返速率则低于1.5mm/a。作者认为在折返早期,温度较高,板块快速折返至60-70km榴辉岩相深度;随着传导散热,温度降低,板块以较慢的速率折返至中下地壳。折返速率的估算表明,浮力是板块折返第一阶段(从>100km深部折返至<40km的中下地壳)的主要驱动力。 相似文献
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Mercury,arsenic, antimony,and selenium contents of sediment from the Kuskokwim River,Bethel, Alaska,USA 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
The Kuskokwim River at Bethel, Alaska, drains a major mercury-antimony metallogenic province in its upper reaches and tributaries. Bethel (population 4000) is situated on the Kuskokwim floodplain and also draws its water supply from wells located in river-deposited sediment. A boring through overbank and floodplain sediment has provided material to establish a baseline datum for sediment-hosted heavy metals. Mercury (total), arsenic, antimony, and selenium contents were determined; aluminum was also determined and used as normalizing factor. The contents of the heavy metals were relatively constant with depth and do not reflect any potential enrichment from upstream contaminant sources. 相似文献