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1.
橄榄石的矿物化学成分可以很好的反映母岩浆成分、岩浆分异结晶及硫化物熔离作用等信息.坡北镁铁-超镁铁杂岩体中橄榄石电子探针成分分析表明:橄榄石均为贵橄榄石,其化学成分与寄主岩石类型密切相关,其中橄榄辉长岩中橄榄石的Fo值在74～81之间,橄长岩或橄榄单斜辉石岩中橄榄石Fo=75～82.7,异剥橄榄岩或橄榄岩中橄榄石Fo值为83.6～86.3,暗示橄榄岩结晶早于橄榄辉长岩.橄榄石Ni含量变化范围为(174～2281)×10-6.利用最高Fo含量的橄榄石成分计算得到坡北岩体母岩浆MgO=14.38％,为高镁玄武岩浆.橄榄石分离结晶和硫化物熔离模拟显示:坡北岩体主要发生了～25％的橄榄石分离结晶,在橄榄石结晶程度为2％～4％的过程中,发生过硫化物熔离作用,但熔离程度较低(～0.2％).总体来看,该区成矿远景不佳. 相似文献
2.
云南鸡街碱性超基性岩杂岩体的主体岩石为岩浆结晶分异作用的产物，形成顺序为霞霓钠辉岩→霓霞岩→磷霞岩。在杂岩体的霓霞岩中发现了1粒具分带现象的橄榄石，从中心到边缘，SiO2、MgO和NiO逐渐降低，而FeO和MnO逐渐升高。MgO与SiO2和NiO之间呈正相关关系，与FeO和MnO之间呈负相关关系，中心的Fo值(最高为86．91)略高于霞霓钠辉岩中斑晶橄榄石(Fo值：85．66～86．02)，而边缘的Fo值(最低为73．82)与霓霞岩中无分带现象橄榄石(Fo值：72．18～74．72)相近。各种证据表明，发现的具分带现象橄榄石可能不是霓霞岩熔体结晶分异作用的产物，而可能是霓霞岩熔体捕获的Fo值相对较高(高于霓霞岩橄榄石的Fo值)的橄榄石晶体内部MgO和FeO等成分扩散作用的结果。 相似文献
3.
甘肃北山红柳沟基性-超基性岩体位于塔里木板块北缘北山裂谷带, 岩体侵位于敦煌岩群,主要岩石类型有辉长岩、橄榄辉长岩、橄榄苏长辉长岩、橄榄角闪苏长岩、橄榄辉长苏长岩、二辉橄榄岩、橄榄辉石岩和辉石岩等。橄榄石Fo介于66.97%~82.92%之间,属贵橄榄石,斜方辉石En成分范围为68.49~77.65,属古铜辉石;单斜辉石En成分范围为45.85~48.81,主要为斜顽辉石和透辉石;斜长石An为58.70~72.69,以拉长石为主;角闪石以普通角闪石为主。岩体母岩浆Mg#值为0.59~0.62,属于高镁拉斑玄武质岩浆,岩浆演化过程中主要发生了橄榄石、斜方辉石、单斜辉石和斜长石的分离结晶作用,主要分离结晶矿物受单斜辉石和斜方辉石的控制,岩浆上升侵位过程中遭受到下地壳物质混染。从构造环境、母岩浆、岩体类型、岩浆分异程度、同化混染等方面综合分析认为红柳沟岩体具有形成铜镍硫化物矿床的较大潜力。 相似文献
4.
塔里木板块东北缘坡北杂岩体矿物成分和铂族元素特征:对硫化物熔离和构造环境的约束 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
坡北杂岩体位于塔里木板块东北缘北山裂谷带,主要由橄榄岩相、单辉辉石岩相、二辉岩相、辉长岩相、苏长岩相和辉长苏长岩相组成。坡一岩体中硫化物矿体赋存于超镁铁质岩中,而坡东岩体中硫化物矿体赋存于辉长苏长岩相中。坡一和坡东岩体不同岩相中单斜辉石的MgO和CaO含量、斜长石的An值和SiO_2含量连续变化且呈负相关,说明二者可能是同一原始岩浆分离结晶的产物。根据前人计算的原始岩浆成分,我们利用MELTS软件模拟了坡北杂岩体的分离结晶过程。结果表明矿物结晶顺序为:橄榄石→橄榄石+单斜辉石→橄榄石+单斜辉石+斜长石→单斜辉石+斜长石+斜方辉石,与岩相观察一致。坡北杂岩体原始岩浆经过20%分离结晶达到S饱和而发生早期硫化物熔离,形成坡一岩体中矿体。因此,在利用具有最高Fo值(90.9mol%)的橄榄石成分进行的模拟中,坡一岩体早期结晶的纯橄榄岩中橄榄石成分与分离结晶趋势线一致,而斜长橄榄岩中橄榄石成分低于趋势线,可能形成于早期硫化物熔离之后。随后岩浆中S再一次不饱和,但坡一岩体橄榄单辉辉石岩和辉长岩中橄榄石Fo和Ni含量在分离结晶趋势线之下,同时坡东岩体不含矿岩石中铂族元素总量主要在8.9×10~(-9)～29.0×10~(-9)之间,且相对于Ni和Cu明显亏损,说明在岩浆分离结晶晚期再次发生硫化物熔离,而且可能是地壳混染引起的,并形成了坡东岩体中的硫化物矿体。坡东岩体橄榄二辉岩和橄榄辉长苏长岩中橄榄石Fo值(74.5mol%～81.0mol%)较低,但变化范围较大,且Fo和Ni呈负相关关系,这可能是由于橄榄石和硫化物熔体在不平衡状态下发生成分交换造成的。坡北杂岩体超镁铁质岩石中单斜辉石Ti O2含量为0.21%～0.83%,阳离子中呈四次配位的Al(AlZ)为0.8mol%～7.8mol%,与裂谷环境堆晶岩中单斜辉石成分相似。因此,坡北杂岩体可能形成于和塔里木二叠纪地幔柱活动相关的裂谷环境。然而,超镁铁质岩石全岩Nd同位素指示其来源于亏损地幔,并不是地幔柱物质熔融的直接产物。纯橄榄岩和异剥橄榄岩La/Sm,Sm/Yb和La/Yb比值指示其源区为尖晶石二辉橄榄岩地幔。因此,坡北杂岩体源区应为浅部以尖晶石二辉橄榄岩为主的亏损岩石圈地幔,地幔柱在源区部分熔融过程中提供了大量的热。 相似文献
5.
新疆东天山黄山东岩体橄榄石成因意义探讨 总被引：12，自引：6，他引：6
黄山东岩体位于新疆东天山造山带中段,由四次岩浆侵入形成:第一次侵入形成了岩体上部的橄榄辉长岩、角闪辉长岩和闪长岩,构成岩体的主体;第二次侵入形成辉长苏长岩,呈岩墙状分布于岩体西端和西北部;第三次侵入岩石为斜长二辉橄榄岩,位于岩体下部,为主要的赋矿岩石;第四次侵入岩石为底部角闪辉长岩。橄榄石为第三次侵入的斜长二辉橄榄岩和第一次侵入的橄榄辉长岩主要造岩矿物之一,橄榄石的镁橄榄石牌号(Fo)值介于68.5～82.5之间。其中含硫化物斜长二辉橄榄岩中的橄榄石具有较高的Fo值(79.7～82.5);斜长二辉橄榄岩中橄榄石的Fo值为78.3～79.9;而基性程度较低的橄榄辉长岩中橄榄石具有较低的Fo值(68.5～72.2)。利用橄榄石矿物成分计算得出黄山东岩体母岩浆Mg#(Mg2+/(Mg2++Fe2+))为0.59,为原生玄武质岩浆经历结晶分异作用形成。模拟计算结果显示黄山东岩体不含矿岩石中橄榄石是母岩浆经过2%的橄榄石结晶分异且硫达到饱和后,在硫化物熔离的同时岩浆发生橄榄石结晶而形成,并且橄榄石︰硫化物≈50︰1,部分橄榄石成分投点在橄榄石结晶和硫化物熔离的模拟曲线右下侧,指示它们可能受到晶间硅酸盐熔浆作用的影响。含硫化物斜长二辉橄榄岩中Fo值与Ni含量呈负相关关系,说明橄榄石与硫化物熔体之间发生了Fe-Ni交换反应。 相似文献
6.
东天山黄山岩带因发育众多镁铁质-超镁铁质岩体和岩浆铜镍硫化物矿床而备受地质学者关注。四顶黑山岩体位于该岩带最东端,具有层状岩体特征;岩石类型有单辉橄榄岩、橄榄辉石岩、橄榄苏长辉长岩、橄榄辉长岩、辉石角闪岩、辉长岩、角闪辉长岩、闪长岩,主要造岩矿物为贵橄榄石、古铜辉石、透辉石、普通角闪石和斜长石,岩体分异较好,蚀变较发育。通过矿物显微结构特征观察以及计算得出:四顶黑山岩体中橄榄石最先结晶,其开始结晶温度大约在1419℃左右;古铜辉石和透辉石在橄榄石之后开始结晶,结晶温度分别在1100℃左右和900～1100℃之间,两矿物相在岩石中可以共存。岩体中橄榄岩相、苏长岩相发育,以及贵橄榄石+古铜辉石的矿物组合特征,表明岩体具有形成铜镍(铂)矿床的有利条件。 相似文献
7.
中天山白石泉镁铁-超镁铁质岩体岩石学与矿物学研究 总被引：16，自引：0，他引：16
白石泉地区镁铁一超镁铁质岩体处于塔里木板块前缘活动带与中天山地块接合部位，是中天山地块华力西中期岩浆活动的产物。主要岩石类型有辉石橄榄岩（斜方辉石橄榄岩、斜长二辉橄榄岩）、橄榄辉石岩、橄长岩、辉长岩及角闪辉长岩等，主要造岩矿物为橄榄石、斜方辉石、单斜辉石、角闪石、斜长石及黑云母。橄榄石均为贵橄榄石，其Fo值（78-85）位于含铜镍硫化物矿橄榄石的Fo值范围之内；辉石主要有顽火辉石、古铜辉石、紫苏辉石、透辉石等；斜长石的环带构造较为发育；角闪石的FeO含量随着岩浆的演化逐渐增加。它们与造山带环境中的东疆型镁铁一超镁铁杂岩中的造岩矿物具有相同的特征。这些特征表明了白石泉地区的镁铁一超镁铁质岩体的原始岩浆为高镁的拉斑玄武质岩浆。 相似文献
8.
香山中镁铁-超镁铁岩体产出于新疆东天山地区的黄山—镜儿泉镁铁-超镁铁岩带。主要的岩石类型为二辉橄榄岩、(含长)单辉橄榄岩、橄榄辉石岩及角闪辉长岩。矿物学特征显示,岩体造岩矿物的结晶顺序为铬尖晶石→橄榄石→斜方辉石→单斜辉石→斜长石→角闪石。电子探针分析显示,同一侵入期次中各岩相具有良好的过渡渐变关系,钻孔剖面上橄榄石含量与颗粒大小、单斜辉石的成分有随深度连续变化的特征,铬尖晶石则具有良好的Cr→Fe3+、Ti的演化趋势,由此反映岩体的形成主要受结晶分异作用的控制;含长单辉橄榄岩中橄榄石和单斜辉石成分的突然变化显示岩浆结晶过程中受到了地壳物质阶段性的混染;模拟计算表明,橄榄石分离结晶伴随着硫化物的熔离;钻孔ZK3693深度为295~325 m,含长单辉橄榄岩中橄榄石、斜长石、单颗粒单斜辉石成分突然性的变化指示在区间内有新鲜的基性程度更高的岩浆注入,而此区间内矿石的Cu、Ni品位明显高于区间外同一岩相岩体,说明新鲜岩浆的注入是香山中岩体硫化物富集的重要原因。 相似文献
9.
黄山东镁铁-超镁铁杂岩体中的橄榄石为主要造岩矿物,其化学成分与寄主岩(?)有关,具有一定的变化范围:角闪辉长岩相中为透铁橄榄石(Fo:64—73);超镁铁岩相中为贵橄榄石(Fo:81—85);在化学成分中,TiO_2,Al_2O_3和CaO;FcO,MnO和CoO;MgO和NiO各自呈正相关,而组与组之间却表现为负相关或相关性不明显。由此得出:杂岩体的侵入序次为角闪辉长岩相在先,超镁铁岩相在后;杂岩体的原始岩浆为玄武岩浆,在其侵位过程中曾发生过金属硫化物的深部熔离作用并由富MgO到富FeO演化;岩浆开始结晶的温度为1783℃,该温度同时也代表了母岩浆温度的下限。 相似文献
10.
黄智龙 《大地构造与成矿学》1997,21(1):24-31
在已有云南鸡街碱性超基性杂岩体地质、地球化学资料基础上，本文利用岩石学混合计算等方法对杂岩体源区成分、结晶分异过程进行模拟。结果表明，鸡街杂岩体来源于亏损地幔；岩体中相对早期碱性超基性岩（主体岩石：霞霓纳辉岩、霓霞岩和磷霞岩）为很少或没有受到上部地壳物质污染的幔源岩浆结晶分异作用产物；晚期碱性中性岩（脉岩：钠霞正长岩和霓辉钠长斑岩）为幔源岩浆（与碱性超基性岩同源）演化过程中发生岩浆液态不混淆作用产物。 相似文献
11.
S. Viswanathan K. Surya Prakash Rao B. Mahabaleswar 《Journal of the Geological Society of India》2013,82(6):621-627
Komatiites are mantle-derived ultramafic volcanic rocks. Komatiites have been discovered in several States of India, notably in Karnataka. Studies on the distribution of trace-elements in the komatiites of India are very few. This paper proposes a simple, accurate, precise, rapid, and non-destructive wavelength-dispersive x-ray fluorescence (WDXRF) spectrometric technique for determining Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th in komatiites, and discusses the accuracy, precision, limits of detection, x-ray spectral-line interferences, inter-element effects, speed, advantages, and limitations of the technique. The accuracy of the technique is excellent (within 3%) for Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th and very good (within 4%) for Y. The precision is also excellent (within 3%) for Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th. The limits of detection are: 1 ppm for Sc and V; 2 ppm for Cr, Co, and Ni; 3 ppm for Cu, Zn, Rb, and Sr; 4 ppm for Y and Zr; 6 ppm for Nb; 10 ppm for Ba; 13 ppm for Pb; and 14 ppm for Th. The time taken for determining Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th in a batch of 24 samples of komatiites, for a replication of four analyses per sample, by one operator, using a manual WDXRF spectrometer, is only 60 hours. 相似文献
12.
奥地利安东帕有限公司 《岩矿测试》2009,28(3):306-306
最新的流行病学研究表明,空气中较高浓度的悬浮细颗粒可能对人类的健康有不利的影响。根据该项研究显示,由于心脏病、慢性呼吸问题和肺功能指标恶化而导致死亡率的升高与细尘粒子有关。这些研究结果已经促使欧盟于1999年4月出台了限制空气中二氧化硫、二氧化氮、氧化氮、铅和颗粒物含量的法案(1999/30/EC),对各项指标包括对可吸入PM10颗粒的浓度提出了新的限制性指标。PM10颗粒是指可以通过预分级器分离采集的气体动力学直径小于10μm的细颗粒。目前研究的兴趣重点逐步偏向PM2.5这些更细微颗粒物,PM2.5这种颗粒物对健康有明显的不利影响。在欧盟指令2008/50/EC中,对PM10和PM2.5都提 相似文献
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14.
E. M. Prasolov S. A. Sergeev B. V. Belyatsky E. S. Bogomolov K. A. Gruzdov I. N. Kapitonov R. Sh. Krymsky V. O. Khalenev 《Geochemistry International》2018,56(1):46-64
This paper reports the first results of a study of 11 isotope systems (3He/4He, 40Ar/36Ar, 34S/32S, 65Cu/63Cu, 62Ni/60Ni, 87Sr/86Sr, 143Nd/144Nd, 206–208Pb/204Pb, Hf–Nd, U–Pb, and Re–Os) in the rocks and ores of the Cu–Ni–PGE deposits of the Norilsk ore district. Almost all the results were obtained at the Center of Isotopic Research of the Karpinskii All-Russia Research Institute of Geology. The use of a number of independent genetic isotopic signatures and comprehensive isotopic knowledge provided a methodic basis for the interpretation of approximately 5000 isotopic analyses of various elements. The presence of materials from two sources, crust and mantle, was detected in the composition of the rocks and ores. The contribution of the crustal source is especially significant in the paleofluids (gas–liquid microinclusions) of the ore-forming medium. Crustal solutions were probably a transport medium during ore formation. Air argon is dominant in the ores, which indicates a connection between the paleofluids and the atmosphere. This suggests intense groundwater circulation during the crystallization of ore minerals. The age of the rocks and ores of the Norilsk deposits was determined. The stage of orebody formation is restricted to a narrow age interval of 250 ± 10 Ma. An isotopic criterion was proposed for the ore-bearing potential of mafic intrusions in the Norilsk–Taimyr region. It includes several interrelated isotopic ratios of various elements: He, Ar, S, and others. 相似文献
15.
Mining induced subsidence can significantly affect mining costs where major surface facilities and natural environment need to be protected. Overburden grout injection is a technology used to control coal mine subsidence by injecting the mine waste material extracted from the coal back into the inter-burden rock during longwall mining. The flowing slurry is here categorised as a nonlinear viscous cohesive (Bingham plastic) fluid. During longwall mining the grout slurry is pumped into the separated beds of the rock mass through a central vertical borehole, which is drilled deep into the inter-burden rock strata above the coal seam. However, a blockage can occur in the injection system when the slurry velocity falls below a certain critical threshold velocity, indicating a material phase change from cohesive-viscous to cohesive-frictional. In situ field injection tests through boreholes have been simulated at a smaller scale at the CSIRO laboratory in Brisbane by pumping the slurry through a radial disk (gap = 4 mm) from its centre. Laboratory experiments indicate a general, nonlinear, cohesive, viscous, frictional model for shear behaviour of the slurry, in which the material shear parameters are functions of the disk radial distance. Complete dimensional and dimensionless analytical solutions have been developed based on an approach related to Bingham–Herschel–Bulkley fluid mechanics. The derived formulae include relations for minimum pump pressure, local pressure and pressure gradient, wall shear stress, volume rate, velocity and velocity gradient. The theoretical results match the experimental measurements. The experiments covered slurries with maximum particle sizes of 0.5 to 2 mm with about 50% being larger than 100 µm. The viscosities at the various solids concentrations were measured with a standard torsion viscometer. This study differs from the previous research in several distinct aspects, namely, consideration of the variable shear parameters rather than fixed values, inclusion of total nonlinear behaviour, and implementation of a friction function to mimic behaviour of the deposited and consolidating stiff slurry, which can cause a significant pressure rise as a result of the increased shear resistance. 相似文献
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17.
Alexander E. C. Broberg J. S. Kehren A. R. Graziani M. M. Turri W. L. 《Environmental Geology》1993,22(4):353-361
Bellechester, Minnesota, is a small community of approximately 155 residents located on the county line between Goodhue and Wabasha counties in southeast Minnesota's karst region. Bellechester is served by a 21-year-old wastewater treatment facility (WWTF) consisting of three waste-stabilization ponds. On 28 April 1992 six sinkholes were discovered to have drained cell 2 of the WWTF resulting in the loss of approximately 8.7×106 1 of partially treated effluent and about 600 m3 of soil into previously undetected subsurface voids of unknown dimensions. In the week following the collapse, approximately 200 water wells located within a 5-km radius of the WWTF were sampled in an after-the-fact, emergency sampling program. Twelve samples with elevated fecal coliform levels, 18 samples with nitrate-nitrogen greater than the 10 mg/1 standard, and no samples with elevated chlorides were found. However, the elevated levels could not be unambiguously attributed to the WWTF collapse. This is the third WWTF to fail by sinkhole collapse in southeast Minnesota since 1974. All three collapsed lagoons have been located in similar geomorphic and stratigraphic settings. However, at least two lagoons have collapsed in the adjacent area in northeast Iowa, and these lagoons are located at different stratigraphic positions. Twenty-two WWTFs constructed in southeast Minnesota's karst region in the last 25 years have been identified as subject to potential sinkhole collapse. An unknown but significant number of manure storage lagoons, flood control structures, etc., have also been constructed in the karst region and are at risk. Public agencies are beginning to develop plans to deal with the risk associated with existing and future waste lagoons in this environment. The critical hydrogeologic parameters that can be used to prioritize the risk of collapse at existing facilities include: (1) the lithology of the first bedrock beneath each lagoon, (2) the thickness of surficial materials between the lagoon and the bedrock surface, (3) the presence and construction of liners (seepage rate), and (4) the proximity to existing sinkholes. 相似文献
18.
Mercury,arsenic, antimony,and selenium contents of sediment from the Kuskokwim River,Bethel, Alaska,USA 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
The Kuskokwim River at Bethel, Alaska, drains a major mercury-antimony metallogenic province in its upper reaches and tributaries. Bethel (population 4000) is situated on the Kuskokwim floodplain and also draws its water supply from wells located in river-deposited sediment. A boring through overbank and floodplain sediment has provided material to establish a baseline datum for sediment-hosted heavy metals. Mercury (total), arsenic, antimony, and selenium contents were determined; aluminum was also determined and used as normalizing factor. The contents of the heavy metals were relatively constant with depth and do not reflect any potential enrichment from upstream contaminant sources. 相似文献
19.
滇东南锡、银、铅、锌多金属矿床主要分布在个旧、白牛厂、都龙3个矿区,而滇东南较大的3个花岗岩体又分别出露在3个矿区或附近.花岗岩体均形成于燕山晚期,岩石化学、矿物成分相似,富含锡、银、铅、锌、钨、铜等成矿元素.矿床主金属元素组合与岩体之间的距离由远而近出现由锡、钨、(铍、铌、钽)→锡、钨、(铁)、铜、铟→锡、铅、锌、银、铟、(锑)有规律的变化.花岗岩浆是成矿物质来源和成矿热源.岩浆侵入初期使上覆地层隆起产生背斜(凹陷部位成向斜);同时使地层产生一系列裂隙、压性断层或层间断裂;岩浆侵入晚期,这些断层再次活动,表现为张性,岩浆产生的含矿热液沿由其活动所造成的断裂迁移、充填、交代、沉淀而形成矿床. 相似文献
20.
岩石密度和超高压岩石折返速率 总被引：1，自引：3，他引：1
在常温常压条件下对中国大陆科学钻CCSD主孔100-3000米岩心样品进行了密度测量,建立了密度连续剖面,并界定了不同超高压岩石的密度值。通过对比高温高压物性实验资料,岩石密度随着退变程度增强而降低,榴辉岩密度变化序列为3.52g/cm3→3.49g/cm3→3.07g/cm3→2.93g/cm3。超高压长英质岩石密度变化序列为3.00g/cm→2.80g/cm3→2.65g/cm3。上述实验资料是讨论不同折返阶段岩石所受浮力的基础,为研究折返速率大小提供了基本参数。本文通过折返板块运动平衡时,上浮力与粘滞力平衡这一关系式,定量研究了大陆俯冲板块的折返速率,认为密度差产生上浮力从而引起折返,温度对板块折返速率的影响最为显著;密度差大小、折返角度、折返板块大小对折返速率也有直接的影响。定量模拟分析表明,在温度高于850℃时,板块的折返速率可以超过100mm/a;当温度降至700℃时,折返速率则低于1.5mm/a。作者认为在折返早期,温度较高,板块快速折返至60-70km榴辉岩相深度;随着传导散热,温度降低,板块以较慢的速率折返至中下地壳。折返速率的估算表明,浮力是板块折返第一阶段(从>100km深部折返至<40km的中下地壳)的主要驱动力。 相似文献