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1.
青藏铁路所经地区生态环境十分脆弱并呈退化趋势，在此地区建设铁路。由于工程建设大面积地扰动地表和植被，大量的土石方开挖，必将产生一系列的环境问题。通过对青藏线唐古拉至拉萨段铁路沿线水土流失现状及水土保持现状的综合分析，结合铁路工程特点和环境特征，提出了青藏铁路唐古拉至拉萨段水土流失防治对策及建议，达到遏制铁路沿线水土流失的进一步发展，改善当地生态环境，维护铁路工程正常运营的目的。 相似文献
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通过对青藏铁路唐古拉至拉萨段腐殖质软土情况的介绍, 就位于软土地基上的涵洞设计, 提出了清除换填、加深基础及打碎石桩3种处理方法. 相似文献
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通过对青藏铁路唐古拉至拉萨段腐殖质软土情况的介绍，就位于软土地基上的涵洞设计，提出了清除换填、加深基础及打碎石桩3种处理方法。 相似文献
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首届亚洲冻土大会于2006年8月5~16日在兰州、青藏线和拉萨顺利召开.大会讨论主要包括以下5个议题:1)冻土工程;2)山区和高原冻融灾害及冰缘环境;3)冰冻圈的气候与环境条件;4)冻土水文、寒区水资源及土地利用,和;5)冻土监测、制图及模拟.国内论文大多集中于青藏铁路各种科技创新和工程(示范)建设方面.中亚冻土分类、制图和监测研讨会明确了制定统一的中亚地区冻土图的计划和实施方案.会议期间,国内主要新闻媒体对全球15位著名冻土学家进行了联合采访.大约80位中外代表参加了青藏(公)铁路沿线考察,并于8月15日在拉萨举行青藏铁路工程和环境问题讨论会.专家一致认为,青藏铁路所采取的冻土工程措施基本上是恰当、有效的,能够保证青藏铁路路基的长期稳定性.但是,沿线寒区环境保护问题还任重道远,需要尽快进行综合管(治)理,以达到青藏地区社会经济和谐、持续发展的目标. 相似文献
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川藏铁路工程是国家重大基础设施建设项目,保障铁路的顺利建设和后期安全运营十分重要。铁路沿线发育广泛、危害严重的大型滑坡已成为全线的关键控制性问题,关乎工程建设的成败。以川藏铁路工程沿线大型滑坡作为主要研究对象,采用历史数据分析、实地调查、遥感解译的研究方法,基于ArcGIS平台,采用贡献率权重模型对铁路沿线区域进行了大型滑坡危险性评价,并利用自然断点法对危险性评价结果进行分区及统计分析。研究结果表明:川藏铁路沿线共发育大型、特大型滑坡共147处,其中大型滑坡106处,特大型滑坡41处,主要分布于白玉至江达段、昌都至八宿段、朗县至加查段等区段;铁路沿线处于高中低度三个等级危险区的面积分别为35918.5 km2、95484.3 km2和12039.7 km2,高度危险区大型滑坡分布密度为0.00199处/km?2,约为中度或低度危险区的2倍,高度危险区主要集中在邦达—八宿段、古乡—拉月段、白玉—江达段。根据贡献率权重模型求得的川藏铁路沿线大型滑坡危险度等级与野外实地调查的大型滑坡分布密度是一致的。相关研究成果可以为川藏铁路工程建设提供科学参考与依据。 相似文献
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青藏铁路建设过程中的冻土环境问题 总被引：15，自引：7，他引：15
冻土环境问题是青藏铁路建设的3个主要技术难题之一, 结合青藏铁路建设的工程实践, 论述了冻土环境问题对青藏铁路工程质量和未来安全运营的重要性. 认为应该结合工程实践, 深入开展铁路工程和冻土环境相互影响的有关课题, 为青藏铁路的安全运营提供技术理论支持. 相似文献
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青藏铁路沿线的大风特征及风压研究 总被引：23，自引：3，他引：20
选取青藏高原及周边66个气象站资料, 分析了青藏高原及青藏铁路沿线1971-2000年大风日数的空间分布特征及建站以来大风和风向特征, 计算了百年一遇的最大风速和风压. 分析发现: 青藏高原大风日数主要集中在青藏铁路沿线地区, 年际和年代际变化明显; 铁路沿线极端最大风速和历年平均最大风速都出现在铁路中部的托托河, 风向多为偏西风; 铁路沿线50 a、 100 a一遇的10 min平均最大风速和风压都出现在安多地区. 以新疆达扳城为参考站, 推算出青藏铁路沿线各站的列车停驶临界风速. 为确保列车运营安全, 建议在昆仑山口至错那湖间的高山地段风口和列车转弯处建造防风设施. 相似文献
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《水文地质工程地质技术方法动态》2009,(2)
青藏铁路沿线水文地质环境地质调查评价（一）
水文地质调查：查明了青海省格尔木至昆仑山口以北段、西藏自治区拉萨市至达琼果站段第四纪地质、地貌特征以及水文地质特征,划分了地下水类型及富水特征,确定了地下水远景开发规划区,为保障铁路沿线车站、村镇供水提供了地质科学依据。 相似文献
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喀斯特地区水土流失动态特征及生态效益评价 总被引：37，自引：3，他引：34
喀斯特地区水土流失是生态环境退化的一个重要因素,严重制约着该地区农业可持续发展,如何利用喀斯特地区的坡地资源(如植物资源)是控制水土流失,改善其生态环境的关键。通过对清镇示范区退耕还林(草)和封山育林区的水土流失监测表明,利用恢复植被来控制水土流失,使示范区的土壤侵蚀模数从2000年以前的2500～5000 t /km2· a减少至2002年的78. 4～185. 7 t /km2· a; 使32. 16 km2 面积的退耕还林(草)和封山育林地段每年减少表土损失量38563. 6t,相当于每年减少886. 96t 化肥的土壤养分流失,其生态、经济、社会效益十分明显。 相似文献
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Guboglo M. N. 《GeoJournal》1980,4(1):53-58
International unity is becoming ever stronger in this country owing to an increasing similarity in the development of the cultural environment. This comprises the provision of all the country's republics with a sufficient number of schools, theatres, and other institutions and cultural information media in accordance with the needs of the population. An important part is played by the rise in ‘the general educational level, as well as the level of professional qualifications and skills. Among all the Soviet nations and nationalities, this rise being more rapid among formerly backward peoples. Prominent among the factors of internationalization is the progressive development of the nationalities’ cultural resources, while professional culture is being increasingly brought within the reach of the masses.The implementation of the nationalities policy promotes the all-round development of all Soviet nations and nationalities, their drawing together, the upsurge of the individual capabilities of every Soviet citizen. 相似文献
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Jiayu Rong Michael Melchin S. Henry Williams Tatyana N. Koren Jacques Verniers 《《幕》》2008,31(3):315-318
The Global Stratotype Section and Point （GSSP） for the base of the Silurian System was defined in 1985. Since that time, a number of researchers have suggested that this section has serious deficiencies for use as a GSSP. As a result, in 2000, the Subcommission on Silurian Stratigraphy （SSS） proposed undertaking a formal restu@ of this GSSP, which was subsequently approved by the International Commission of Stratigraphy （ICS）. The result of this restudy was the formal proposal that the current GSSP, at 1.6 m above the base of the Birkhill Shale, at Dob＇s Linn, Scotland, should be maintained as the same locality and stratigraphic level, but the bios- tratigraphical definition of the boundary should be revised. The previously defined, basal Silurian grapto- lite zone, the Parakidograptus acuminatus Zone, should be subdivided into a lower Akidograptus ascensus Zone and a higher E acuminatus Zone. The base of the A. ascensus Zone, marked by the first appearance of A. ascensus, should be regarded as the biostratigraphic mark for the base of the Silurian. This proposal has now been formally approved by the SSS and ICS, and ratified by International Union of Geological Sciences. This is the first GSSP to undergo formal restudy and redefini- tion, and the proposal also included a recommended procedure for restudy of GSSPs. 相似文献
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Deviation of the major axis of the inertia ellipsoid of the Moon from the direction toward the Earth
B. P. Kondratyev 《Astronomy Reports》2017,61(8):709-714
It is known from observations that the center of mass of the Moon does not coincide with the geometric center of its figure, and the line connecting these two centers is not aligned with the direction toward the center of the Earth, instead deviating toward the Southeast. This stationary deviation of the axis of the inertia ellipsoid of the Moon to the South of the direction toward the Earth is analyzed. A system of five linear differential equations describing the physical libration of the Moon in latitude is considered, and these equations are derived using a new vector method taking into account perturbations from the Earth and partly from the Sun. The characteristic equation of this system is obtained, and all five oscillation frequencies are found. Special attention is paid to the fifth (zero) frequency, for which the solution of the latitude libration equations are stationary and represents a previously unknown additional motion of the rotational axis of theMoon in a cone with a small opening angle. In contrast to the astronomical precession of the Earth, the rotation of the angular-velocity vector is in the positive direction (counter-clockwise), with the period T 3 = 27.32 days. On this basis, this phenomenon has been named “quasi-precession.” This quasi-precession leads to a stationary inclination of the major axis of the inertia ellipsoid of theMoon to the South (for an observer on Earth), making it possible to explain one component of the observed deviation of the center of mass of the Moon from the direction toward the Earth. The opening angle of the quasiprecession cone is approximately 0.834″. 相似文献
14.
东濮凹陷北部沙三中亚段广泛发育盐岩和烃源岩,这两个看似不能共存的物质却在这里互层共生。该时期研究区沉积特征为多盐韵律与多层烃源岩互层共生、连续沉积,单个盐韵律厚度从几米到十几米,烃源岩有机质丰度高、类型好。平面上,两者在湖盆沉积沉降中心共生;垂向上,高有机质丰度、好干酪根类型与高盐度地层具有较好的对应关系。因而成为恢复古气候和古环境的重要研究对象。通过岩石学、古生物学以及Sr/Ba、B/Ga、(V+Ni+Mn)、Fe/Mn、Sr/Cu、Mg/Ca、V/(V+Ni)、稀土元素含量和氯同位素等方法对凹陷北部沙三中亚段的沉积环境进行研究。结果表明,凹陷北部沙三中亚段为深水沉积的还原环境,古盐度较高,达到半咸水-咸水沉积;微量元素和孢粉化石特征表明研究区沙三中亚段为温暖潮湿的环境。 相似文献
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Important tendencies in development of the world mineral-resources sector at the beginning of the 21st century were an increase in production and consumption of mineral materials differentiated by types of metals and nonmetallic mineral raw materials, by countries and regions, as well as the concentration of the production of mineral raw materials in a small number of countries, and a reduction in industrial reserves of minerals in the world economy, even at the current stage of their extraction. These tendencies should be taken into account in working out a strategy for development of the Russian mineral raw-material base. 相似文献
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Fouad N. Ibrahim Dr. 《GeoJournal》1988,17(1):133-141
Taking the example of W Sudan, an analysis of the climatic incidents leading to the two recent famine disasters is made. On this natural background, the human side is investigated. Focus is directed towards the fragile economic structure of the famine-prone population groups. An early-warning system for famine in the Sahelian Zone is proposed taking grain production and storage, livestock development and the relationship between the prices of livestock and grain as major indicators. 相似文献
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郯庐断裂南段研究进展与断裂性质讨论 总被引：13，自引：3，他引：13
据1：5万区域地质调查和专题研究资料，就郯庐断裂带是否南延与消失的原因，其与大别—苏鲁造山带交截形成的假位错效应，以及与中新生代沉积盆地形成演化的关系等作了新的阐述。在此基础上，讨论了郯庐断裂带是否为巨大的左行平移断层或转换断层。认为郯庐断裂带可能是在“古郯庐带”的基础上于早侏罗世重新活动、白垩纪强烈活动的地堑型枢纽断裂带。 相似文献
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The Importance of the Precipitation and the Susceptibility of the Slopes for the Triggering of Landslides Along the Roads 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
Clemente Irigaray Francisco Lamas Rachid El Hamdouni Tomás Fernández José Chacón 《Natural Hazards》2000,21(1):65-81
In order to characterise the influence of the heavyrains on the observed landslides during the 1996–1997hydrological cycle, rainfall records for the last 100years are analysed from 104 stations in easternAndalusia. Regarding the amounts of rain recordedbetween October 1996 and March 1997 in the 104stations studied, 31 presented new all-time records;15 presented values that were 80–100% of thepre-1995 record; 49 stations, 80–50%; and 9stations, < 50%. A map has been devised of thesusceptibility of the materials through which thesouth-eastern Andalusian road network crosses,together with an inventory of the damage caused byinstability phenomena on banks and cuttings of theroad network during the winter of 1996–1997. Therelationships between the rainfall during the studyperiod, the damage caused to the road network and thesusceptibility of the materials affected are analysed.The results indicate that there is a clearcorrespondence between the rainfall recorded and thesusceptibility of the materials with the inventorieddamage. It is concluded that the widespread seriousdamage caused in early 1997 to the roads andsurrounding areas in the Alpujarra region and thecoast of the Province of Granada was mainly caused bythe extraordinarily heavy rains. However, considerablyless damage was observed where the susceptibility ofthe terrain is low, thus highlighting the extremeusefulness of terrain-susceptibility maps for riskprevention and territorial planning. 相似文献