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金沙江中游上江坝址河床深厚覆盖层建高坝可行性探讨 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
摘 要 上江坝址为金沙江中游龙头水库的比选坝址之一,坝址河床覆盖层最厚达206.2 m,在深厚覆盖层上修建最低249 m级的高土石坝,大坝规模达到甚至超过世界前沿水平,筑坝技术难度大。通过测绘、钻探、物探、物理力学测试等工作揭示:(1)河床覆盖层由漂卵石、低液限粘土、砾卵石、碎块石、砂砾石等组成;(2)河床覆盖层中各粗粒土强度相对较高,低液限粘土强度较低,为坝基一条连续完整的相对软弱带;(3)坝址位于龙蟠断陷盆地内,主要受新构造垂直差异运动的影响,河床接受金沙江上游及坡体上物质堆积,逐渐形成了现今的深厚覆盖层。初步研究本坝址在河床覆盖层上建高土石坝是可行的,但需要对坝基采取工程处理措施。探讨了不同建坝方案所引发的工程地质问题,为筑坝技术研究提供了地质依据。 相似文献
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金沙江其宗河段发育60～120m的河床深厚覆盖层。深厚覆盖层纵向上可分为三大层:河床底部为卵(块)砾(碎)石层夹中细砂或粉质粘土,为冲积及冰水堆积成因(al+fglQ3),厚11.1～33m;中部为细砂、粉细砂、粉质粘土层及卵(块)砾(碎)石层,该层为加积层,由冲积、泥石流堆积、洪积、崩坡积、堰塞多成因堆积组合而成(al+pl+sefQ3),厚10.04～35m;中上部为漂(块)卵(碎)砾石夹砂层透镜体,冲积堆积形成(alQ3-4),厚9.5～59m。河床覆盖层中的砂层透镜体分布范围广泛,埋藏深,最大埋深达83.1m,最大厚度达到29.4m,最小厚度仅0.5m,一般厚度在5m以内。研究表明砂层不具有湖相堆积的特征,而是相对静水环境条件下及正常河流漫滩相等堆积形成。通过原位及室内取样试验表明,其宗河段河床覆盖层中粗粒土(漂(卵)碎块石等)强度相对较高,中下部细粒土工程性质具有超固结性,不具液化性,上部细砂层强度较低,地震工况下可能液化。该河段深厚覆盖层的工程效应主要有坝基地质条件差,仅适合堆石坝、坝基开挖方量大、砂层处理深度大、防渗处理难度较高等。 相似文献
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详细阐述了阿克坝址区的基本地质条件,对坝址区存在的主要工程地质问题--坝基坝肩稳定性、岸坡稳定性、河床渗漏、覆盖层等问题进行了分析与评价.指出坝址区处于稳定区内,没有发现水平或缓倾角的软弱结构面;坝段属中等切割的高山区,外动力地质现象规模较小,对工程影响不大;基岩属中等-弱透水,坝基、坝肩基岩不存在大的渗漏问题.但坝段覆盖层为砂砾石和砂层,且厚度大,因砂砾石层属强透水带,故应做好防渗处理. 相似文献
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雅砻江谷底卸荷松弛现象与深厚覆盖层特征 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：4
雅砻江河床覆盖层厚度多在30m以上,最厚可达51.6m。覆盖层横向上厚度变化较大,纵向上可明显分为3层,上、下部以正常河流相为主,厚度较薄;中部以洪积、崩积、坡积、湖泊沉积堆积与冲积混合堆积为主的加积序列,厚度相对较大。在谷底基岩面以下,岩体通常存在20m厚左右的卸荷松弛带,弱风化,具有透水性好,岩体完整性较差,工程力学性状差等特征,其潜在的工程效应是坝基渗漏。覆盖层深厚是第二层加积序列所致,谷底形成时间长,以致谷底有足够的时间卸荷松弛和风化。 相似文献
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在强震区、含软弱土层的500 m级特厚覆盖层上建坝，超出了现行设计规范的控制范围。开展了覆盖层厚度、输入地震波峰值、覆盖层中的软弱土层厚度等指标的敏感性分析，揭示了深厚覆盖层地震反应的主要特征及坝基建基面加速度放大倍数分布的规律性。研究认为：覆盖层厚度、输入加速度峰值、软弱土层厚度等指标与建基面放大倍数的衰减在变化规律上成正相关；当输入地震波峰值加速度为0.5g作用下，含软弱土层的500 m级特厚覆盖层坝基中地震波总体以衰减为主，建基面放大倍数小于1；覆盖层加速度放大倍数随高程变化的基本规律为先衰减后放大。当存在软弱土层时，由于其滤波隔震作用会在土层内发生动力反应的二次衰减。基于上述分析，进一步提出了覆盖层下部区域地震效应衰减、中部区域软弱土层二次衰减、顶部区域放大的加速度放大倍数分布模型，编制了覆盖层加速度放大倍数建议值表，研究成果可为含软弱土层的深厚河床覆盖层坝基工程设计提供重要参考。 相似文献
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下坂地水库坝基防渗墙设计 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
新疆下坂地水库坝基冰碛砂砾石覆盖层最大厚度达150余m，坝基防渗处理设计采用上部85m深混凝土防渗墙下接4排帷幕灌浆的形式来实现全断面截断坝基覆盖层渗流。其坝基防渗墙。采用悬挂式混凝土防渗墙结构，解决了深厚覆盖层防渗难题。 相似文献
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深覆盖层坝址上的高心墙堆石坝,在河床覆盖层中常设置两道混凝土防渗墙防渗。采用开发的有限元软件,参照砂卵石覆盖层深度近50 m的某心墙堆石坝工程的情况,分析了主、副防渗墙6种设置方案中坝基的稳定渗流场,得到了主墙、副墙和覆盖层的水头分担比例。所有方案中河床覆盖层上的水头都小于3 %。当主、副两道墙下部灌浆情况相同、端部之间设置灌浆帷幕封堵绕渗时,副墙承担的水头接近主墙;如果取消封堵绕渗的帷幕,副墙承担的水头下降到总水头的20 %～30 %;而副墙底部和主、副墙两端均不设帷幕的情况,副墙上承担的水头比例下降到总水头的8 %～11 %。副墙位于主墙的下游侧时,其上承担的水头比例比副墙位于主墙上游侧的情况略高。防渗墙承担的水头比例取决于墙整体的防渗能力,而对防渗墙本身的厚度变化不敏感。 相似文献
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李望潮 《水文地质工程地质》1985,(1)
在黄河中下游干支流河床新近期形成的冲积层中,由于主流的摆动和水位涨落的影响,广泛分布与水工建筑物地基稳定密切相关的夹泥层。在沁河河口村水库坝址勘探中,对河床砂卵石层中央泥层的分布情况和工程地质性质进行了初步研究。 相似文献
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《岩土力学》2017,(7):2087-2095
深厚覆盖层坝基潜蚀不一定导致坝基的渗透破坏。但坝基砂砾石土内部细颗粒的流失,一方面会增大土体的渗透性;另一方面可降低土体的强度和变形模量。前者导致坝基坝体渗流场的变化,从而引起坝体变形和应力变化,后者变形模量衰化,导致坝基坝体变形和应力调整。潜蚀造成的坝基和坝体应力变形对大坝的正常使用和安全性带来一定负面影响,定量评估这种影响是内部不稳定砂砾石深厚覆盖层坝基采用悬挂式防渗墙处理方案设计和该类大坝运行管理的迫切需求。提出了潜蚀对大坝应力变形影响的模拟方法,对一个典型大坝设计方案进行了计算分析,该设计方案中潜蚀造成应力变形变化的两种机制中,渗流场变化机制对坝基坝体的应力变形改变远大于模量衰化造成的影响。总体上该方案潜蚀造成的坝体变形和应力变化并未显著降低坝体的安全性。 相似文献
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Guboglo M. N. 《GeoJournal》1980,4(1):53-58
International unity is becoming ever stronger in this country owing to an increasing similarity in the development of the cultural environment. This comprises the provision of all the country's republics with a sufficient number of schools, theatres, and other institutions and cultural information media in accordance with the needs of the population. An important part is played by the rise in ‘the general educational level, as well as the level of professional qualifications and skills. Among all the Soviet nations and nationalities, this rise being more rapid among formerly backward peoples. Prominent among the factors of internationalization is the progressive development of the nationalities’ cultural resources, while professional culture is being increasingly brought within the reach of the masses.The implementation of the nationalities policy promotes the all-round development of all Soviet nations and nationalities, their drawing together, the upsurge of the individual capabilities of every Soviet citizen. 相似文献
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Jiayu Rong Michael Melchin S. Henry Williams Tatyana N. Koren Jacques Verniers 《《幕》》2008,31(3):315-318
The Global Stratotype Section and Point （GSSP） for the base of the Silurian System was defined in 1985. Since that time, a number of researchers have suggested that this section has serious deficiencies for use as a GSSP. As a result, in 2000, the Subcommission on Silurian Stratigraphy （SSS） proposed undertaking a formal restu@ of this GSSP, which was subsequently approved by the International Commission of Stratigraphy （ICS）. The result of this restudy was the formal proposal that the current GSSP, at 1.6 m above the base of the Birkhill Shale, at Dob＇s Linn, Scotland, should be maintained as the same locality and stratigraphic level, but the bios- tratigraphical definition of the boundary should be revised. The previously defined, basal Silurian grapto- lite zone, the Parakidograptus acuminatus Zone, should be subdivided into a lower Akidograptus ascensus Zone and a higher E acuminatus Zone. The base of the A. ascensus Zone, marked by the first appearance of A. ascensus, should be regarded as the biostratigraphic mark for the base of the Silurian. This proposal has now been formally approved by the SSS and ICS, and ratified by International Union of Geological Sciences. This is the first GSSP to undergo formal restudy and redefini- tion, and the proposal also included a recommended procedure for restudy of GSSPs. 相似文献
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Deviation of the major axis of the inertia ellipsoid of the Moon from the direction toward the Earth
B. P. Kondratyev 《Astronomy Reports》2017,61(8):709-714
It is known from observations that the center of mass of the Moon does not coincide with the geometric center of its figure, and the line connecting these two centers is not aligned with the direction toward the center of the Earth, instead deviating toward the Southeast. This stationary deviation of the axis of the inertia ellipsoid of the Moon to the South of the direction toward the Earth is analyzed. A system of five linear differential equations describing the physical libration of the Moon in latitude is considered, and these equations are derived using a new vector method taking into account perturbations from the Earth and partly from the Sun. The characteristic equation of this system is obtained, and all five oscillation frequencies are found. Special attention is paid to the fifth (zero) frequency, for which the solution of the latitude libration equations are stationary and represents a previously unknown additional motion of the rotational axis of theMoon in a cone with a small opening angle. In contrast to the astronomical precession of the Earth, the rotation of the angular-velocity vector is in the positive direction (counter-clockwise), with the period T 3 = 27.32 days. On this basis, this phenomenon has been named “quasi-precession.” This quasi-precession leads to a stationary inclination of the major axis of the inertia ellipsoid of theMoon to the South (for an observer on Earth), making it possible to explain one component of the observed deviation of the center of mass of the Moon from the direction toward the Earth. The opening angle of the quasiprecession cone is approximately 0.834″. 相似文献
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Important tendencies in development of the world mineral-resources sector at the beginning of the 21st century were an increase in production and consumption of mineral materials differentiated by types of metals and nonmetallic mineral raw materials, by countries and regions, as well as the concentration of the production of mineral raw materials in a small number of countries, and a reduction in industrial reserves of minerals in the world economy, even at the current stage of their extraction. These tendencies should be taken into account in working out a strategy for development of the Russian mineral raw-material base. 相似文献
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Fouad N. Ibrahim Dr. 《GeoJournal》1988,17(1):133-141
Taking the example of W Sudan, an analysis of the climatic incidents leading to the two recent famine disasters is made. On this natural background, the human side is investigated. Focus is directed towards the fragile economic structure of the famine-prone population groups. An early-warning system for famine in the Sahelian Zone is proposed taking grain production and storage, livestock development and the relationship between the prices of livestock and grain as major indicators. 相似文献
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东濮凹陷北部沙三中亚段广泛发育盐岩和烃源岩,这两个看似不能共存的物质却在这里互层共生。该时期研究区沉积特征为多盐韵律与多层烃源岩互层共生、连续沉积,单个盐韵律厚度从几米到十几米,烃源岩有机质丰度高、类型好。平面上,两者在湖盆沉积沉降中心共生;垂向上,高有机质丰度、好干酪根类型与高盐度地层具有较好的对应关系。因而成为恢复古气候和古环境的重要研究对象。通过岩石学、古生物学以及Sr/Ba、B/Ga、(V+Ni+Mn)、Fe/Mn、Sr/Cu、Mg/Ca、V/(V+Ni)、稀土元素含量和氯同位素等方法对凹陷北部沙三中亚段的沉积环境进行研究。结果表明,凹陷北部沙三中亚段为深水沉积的还原环境,古盐度较高,达到半咸水-咸水沉积;微量元素和孢粉化石特征表明研究区沙三中亚段为温暖潮湿的环境。 相似文献
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郯庐断裂南段研究进展与断裂性质讨论 总被引：13，自引：3，他引：13
据1：5万区域地质调查和专题研究资料，就郯庐断裂带是否南延与消失的原因，其与大别—苏鲁造山带交截形成的假位错效应，以及与中新生代沉积盆地形成演化的关系等作了新的阐述。在此基础上，讨论了郯庐断裂带是否为巨大的左行平移断层或转换断层。认为郯庐断裂带可能是在“古郯庐带”的基础上于早侏罗世重新活动、白垩纪强烈活动的地堑型枢纽断裂带。 相似文献
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The Importance of the Precipitation and the Susceptibility of the Slopes for the Triggering of Landslides Along the Roads 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
Clemente Irigaray Francisco Lamas Rachid El Hamdouni Tomás Fernández José Chacón 《Natural Hazards》2000,21(1):65-81
In order to characterise the influence of the heavyrains on the observed landslides during the 1996–1997hydrological cycle, rainfall records for the last 100years are analysed from 104 stations in easternAndalusia. Regarding the amounts of rain recordedbetween October 1996 and March 1997 in the 104stations studied, 31 presented new all-time records;15 presented values that were 80–100% of thepre-1995 record; 49 stations, 80–50%; and 9stations, < 50%. A map has been devised of thesusceptibility of the materials through which thesouth-eastern Andalusian road network crosses,together with an inventory of the damage caused byinstability phenomena on banks and cuttings of theroad network during the winter of 1996–1997. Therelationships between the rainfall during the studyperiod, the damage caused to the road network and thesusceptibility of the materials affected are analysed.The results indicate that there is a clearcorrespondence between the rainfall recorded and thesusceptibility of the materials with the inventorieddamage. It is concluded that the widespread seriousdamage caused in early 1997 to the roads andsurrounding areas in the Alpujarra region and thecoast of the Province of Granada was mainly caused bythe extraordinarily heavy rains. However, considerablyless damage was observed where the susceptibility ofthe terrain is low, thus highlighting the extremeusefulness of terrain-susceptibility maps for riskprevention and territorial planning. 相似文献