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熔融制样X射线荧光光谱法测定岩盐中的主量成分 总被引：3，自引：3，他引：0
以XRF分析岩盐,需解决标准物质缺乏和Cl在分析过程中的损失问题,选择合适的前处理方法以保证结果重现性。经实验发现用于粉末压片法的人工标准物质中氯化钠、硫酸钙等组分经X射线照射后呈现向样片表面扩散的趋势,其中氯化钠进一步分解,难以建立稳定的工作曲线;熔融制样则不存在这一问题,具备定量基础。本文选择熔融制样作为前处理方法,将光谱纯盐类、氧化物与土壤、水系沉积物国家标准物质以不同比例混合,配制人工标准物质建立工作曲线。熔融制样条件为:取样量0.6000 g,四硼酸锂+偏硼酸锂(12:22)混合熔剂10.000 g,熔融温度1000℃,预熔时间300 s,熔样时间300 s,静置时间30 s,所得样片平整通透,因样品中所含Cl具有脱模效果无需补充脱模剂。本方法测定主量元素的精密度(RSD)均小于1.5%,与经典方法相比减少了分析时间与试剂消耗,可作为岩盐主量成分分析的备选方法。 相似文献
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高压粉末制样波长色散X射线荧光光谱法测定生物样品中23种元素 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
应用X射线荧光光谱法(XRF)分析生物样品,采用传统低压粉末制样方法(压强220~440 MPa)难以将样品压制成符合测定需要的样片,样片表面粗糙,粉末容易脱落,污染XRF仪器样品室,影响仪器的长期稳定性。本文采用高压粉末制样方法在1760 MPa下压制则完全克服了低压制样的弊端,制备的样片表面光滑、致密,大幅改善了制样重现性,5次制样重现性为0.1%~2.6%,且降低了仪器的维护成本。在此基础上,建立了波长色散X射线荧光光谱法直接测定生物样品中23种主次量元素(Al、Ca、Cl、K、Mg、Na、P、S、Si、Ba、Br、Co、Cr、Cu、Fe、Mn、Ni、Pb、Rb、Sr、Ti、V、Zn)的分析方法,采用经验系数法、散射线内标法和峰背景作内标校正基体效应,大部分元素的方法精密度提高至 0.4%~11.3%,检出限为0.08~140.96 μg/g。经国家一级生物标准物质验证,表明方法准确可靠,能满足日常分析要求。 相似文献
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《物探与化探》2020,(4)
X射线荧光光谱法(XRF)是地球化学标准物质均匀性检验的重要方法之一,但目前应用XRF法对标准物质进行均匀性检验还存在争议。由于均匀性检验要求称样量为最小取样量,而采用常规粉末压片或熔融制样进行XRF均匀性检验时称样量一般均大于最小取样量,得到的结果在理论上不足以支撑样品在最小取样量条件下是否均匀。本研究称取0.1 g样品,以四硼酸锂、偏硼酸锂和氟化锂(质量比为45∶10∶5)为混合熔剂,碘化氨为脱模剂,熔融制备样片;采用经验系数法建立了SiO_2、Al_2O_3、TFe_2O_3、MgO、CaO、Na_2O、K_2O、Ti、P和Mn共10个测量组分的标准曲线,各组分校正曲线的相关系数在0.997 3～1.000 0之间。对制样条件的实验优化结果表明,样品与熔剂比为1∶4,以2滴0.2 g/mL碘化氨为脱模剂,在1 050℃熔融10 min,熔融制得的样片成型效果最好。对方法参数进行了研究,各组分相对标准偏差值在0.2%～5.3%之间,相对误差小于6.2%,方法精密度和方法准确度均较高。与常规称样量0.65 g熔片结果相比,两种方法实验结果一致。本研究为X射线荧光光谱法在地球化学标准物质均匀性检验中的应用提供了依据。 相似文献
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使用粉末压片-X射线荧光光谱法测定地质样品中的Cl和S，探讨了样品放置时间、环境以及建立真空的时间对测量结果的影响。Cl的精密度(RSD，n=6)小于10％，S的精密度(RSD，n=6)小于5％。Cl和S的方法检出限分别为14和11μg／g，采用国家标准物质分析验证方法，其结果与标准值相符。 相似文献
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采用玻璃熔片法制样,建立了重晶石中多元素X射线荧光光谱分析方法.准确称取待测样品0.5000 g,X射线荧光专用熔剂5.000 g;二者混合后,通过高频熔样机在1150℃进行熔片处理8 min;将最终得到的样片放入干燥器中冷却至室温,然后准确称取玻璃片质量;上机测试,所得到的数据为该元素在玻璃片中的含量;通过换算最终得到实际样品中的该元素含量.使用理论α系数法和经验系数法相结合来回归校正共存元素间的吸收增强效应.本方法对于重晶石中各元素的测试相对标准偏差处于0.2%~4.7%之间,方法检出限在3.3×10-6~170.6×10-6之间.测试数据通过与国家标准物质比对,结果合理. 相似文献
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地质样品痕量氯溴和硫的X射线荧光光谱法测定 总被引：16，自引：8，他引：16
报道了粉末压样－X射线荧光光谱法测定地质样品中痕量Cl、Br、S的分析方法。采用水系沉积物、岩石和土壤等国家一级标准物质进行校准。实验表明，对于不同岩性样品中Br的分析，特别是当Br的含量低于2μg/g时，采用谱峰强度（未扣除背景）与背景强度的比进行校准所得到的结果，明显优于铑靶线的Compton散射线内标法，分析精度（RSD,n=6)为2.4%-15.3%，大多数优于10％；平均值的相对误差低于24％。对于Cl的分析，只需对Ca的影响加以校正即可得到非常好的结果；不同样品中Cl的分析精度（RSD，n=6)为2.1%-13.6%，大多数优于5％；平均值的相对误差不大于25％，多数优于10％。S的校准曲线的离散性较大，矿物学效应是影响S分析准确度的主要因素，其分析精度（RSD,n=6)为0.87%-5.6%，除个别样品外，平均值的相对误差优于36％。Cl和S均存在分析结果随测量时间（次数）的增加而增高的现象，必须在制样后立即测量。方法的检出限（μg/g)Br、Cl、S分别为0．43、5．8和2．2。 相似文献
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便携式能量色散X射线荧光光谱仪在新疆东天山浅钻化探异常查证中的应用 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
便携式能量色散X射线荧光光谱仪(EDXRF)具有大型XRF光谱仪的分析性能,在矿产资源勘查中具有广阔的应用前景,特别是在勘查难度大、找矿工作周期长的覆盖区的现场快速分析具有重要意义,但在野外快速分析方面亟需进一步开发。本文采用手工压制样片,建立了Minipal 4便携式能量色散XRF光谱仪现场测定新疆东天山浅覆盖区浅钻化探样品中的铜铅锌砷钴镍锰7种元素的野外快速分析方法,各元素的检出限分别为2、2、1.5、2、2、2、6μg/g,精密度(RSD,n=12)小于4.7%。本方法能在浅覆盖区实施有效的地球化学样品分析,数据成图效果与实验室分析数据成图效果接近,可快速指导浅钻化探扫面和异常查证工作,缩短了工作周期,提高了矿产资源勘查效率。 相似文献
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The 36Cl dating method is increasingly being used to determine the surface-exposure history of Quaternary landforms. Production rates for the 36Cl isotopic system, a critical component of the dating method, have now been refined using the well-constrained radiocarbon-based deglaciation history of Whidbey and Fidalgo Islands, Washington. The calculated total production rates due to calcium and potassium are 91±5 atoms 36Cl (g Ca)−1 yr−1 and are 228±18 atoms 36Cl (g K)−1 yr−1, respectively. The calculated ground-level secondary neutron production rate in air, Pf(0), inferred from thermal neutron absorption by 35Cl is 762±28 neutrons (g air)−1 yr−1 for samples with low water content (1–2 wt.%). Neutron absorption by serpentinized harzburgite samples of the same exposure age, having higher water content (8–12 wt.%), is 40% greater relative to that for dry samples. These data suggest that existing models do not adequately describe thermalization and capture of neutrons for hydrous rock samples. Calculated 36Cl ages of samples collected from the surfaces of a well-dated dacite flow (10,600–12,800 cal yr B.P.) and three disparate deglaciated localities are consistent with close limiting calibrated 14C ages, thereby supporting the validity of our 36Cl production rates integrated over the last 15,500 cal yr between latitudes of 46.5° and 51°N. Although our production rates are internally consistent and yield reasonable exposure ages for other localities, there nevertheless are significant differences between these production rates and those of other investigators. 相似文献
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The combined geothermal discharge from over 10,000 features in Yellowstone National Park (YNP) can be can be estimated from the Cl flux in the Madison, Yellowstone, Falls, and Snake Rivers. Over the last 30 years, the Cl flux in YNP Rivers has been calculated using discharge measurements and Cl concentrations determined in discrete water samples and it has been determined that approximately 12% of the Cl flux exiting YNP is from the Snake River. The relationship between electrical conductivity and concentrations of Cl and other geothermal solutes was quantified at a monitoring site located downstream from the thermal inputs in the Snake River. Beginning in 2012, continuous (15 min) electrical conductivity measurements have been made at the monitoring site. Combining continuous electrical conductivity and discharge data, the Cl and other geothermal solute fluxes were determined. The 2013–2015 Cl fluxes (5.3–5.8 kt/yr) determined using electrical conductivity are comparable to historical data. In addition, synoptic water samples and discharge data were obtained from sites along the Snake River under low-flow conditions of September 2014. The synoptic water study extended 17 km upstream from the monitoring site. Surface inflows were sampled to identify sources and to quantify solute loading. The Lewis River was the primary source of Cl, Na, K, Cl, SiO2, Rb, and As loads (50–80%) in the Snake River. The largest source of SO4 was from the upper Snake River (50%). Most of the Ca and Mg (50–55%) originate from the Snake Hot Springs. Chloride, Ca, Mg, Na, K, SiO2, F, HCO3, SO4, B, Li, Rb, and As behave conservatively in the Snake River, and therefore correlate well with conductivity (R2 ≥ 0.97). 相似文献
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Qiaoyun Wang Akio Makishima Eizo Nakamura 《Geostandards and Geoanalytical Research》2010,34(2):175-183
A method to determine F and Cl in silicate materials by employing pyrohydrolysis and ion chromatography (IC) is described. Pyrohydrolysis involved mixing a pulverised sample (∼ 40 mg) with V2O5 (∼ 160 mg) and heating to 1100 °C under a wet oxygen flow in a quartz tube. Recovery yields of F and Cl were ∼ 97% using a NaF + NaCl standard solution. Detection limits of the pyrohydrolysis-IC method for silicate samples were 0.36 and 0.69 μg g-1 for F and Cl, respectively. Fluorine and Cl concentrations were determined in the reference materials JB-2, JB-3 and JA-1 from the GSJ; BCR-2, BHVO-1, BHVO-2, AGV-1 and AGV-2 from the USGS; and NIST SRM 610, 612 and 614 glasses. Precisions (RSD) for determinations of F were 1–13% (except NIST SRM 614) and 2–19% for Cl, and were dependent on the concentration and blank correction. Most results obtained in this study were in good agreement with those of previous studies. In comparison, the Na2CO3 + ZnO fusion method at 900 °C showed that the yields of F and Cl by alkaline fusion systematically decreased with fusion duration time. The yields were 84% and 83% for JB-3, inferring that F and Cl were lost in this alkaline fusion. 相似文献
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Hélène Balcone‐Boissard Agnès Michel Benoît Villemant 《Geostandards and Geoanalytical Research》2009,33(4):477-485
Concentrations of halogens (fluorine, chlorine, bromine and iodine) were determined in six geochemical reference materials (BHVO‐2, GS‐N, JG‐1, JR‐1, JB‐1b, JB‐2). Halogens were first extracted from powdered samples using a pyrohydrolysis technique, then hydrolysis solutions were analysed by ion chromatography for F and Cl and inductively coupled plasma‐mass spectrometry for Br and I. The detection limits in solutions were 100 μg l?1 for both F and Cl and 10 ng l?1 for Br and I. Considering the extraction procedure, performed on a maximum of 500 mg of sample and producing 100 ml of pyrohydrolysis solution, detection limits in rock samples were 20 mg kg?1 for F and Cl and 2 μg kg?1 for Br and I. The mean analytical errors on the studied composition ranges were estimated at 10 mg kg?1 for F and Cl, 100 μg kg?1 for Br and 25 μg kg?1 for I. The concentration values, based on repeated (generally > 10) sample analysis, were in good agreement generally with published values and narrowed the mean dispersion around mean values. Large dispersions are discussed in terms of samples heterogeneity and contaminations during sample preparation. Basaltic RMs were found to be more suitable for studies of halogen compositions than differentiated rock material, especially granites – the powders of which were heterogeneous in halogens at the 500 mg level. 相似文献
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David M. Chew Ray A. Donelick Margaret B. Donelick Balz S. Kamber Michael J. Stock 《Geostandards and Geoanalytical Research》2014,38(1):23-35
Apatite incorporates variable and significant amounts of halogens (mainly F and Cl) in its crystal structure, which can be used to determine the initial F and Cl concentrations of magmas. The amount of chlorine in the apatite lattice also exerts an important compositional control on the degree of fission‐track annealing. Chlorine measurements in apatite have conventionally required electron probe microanalysis (EPMA). Laser ablation inductively coupled plasma‐mass spectrometry (LA‐ICP‐MS) is increasingly used in apatite fission‐track dating to determine U concentrations and also in simultaneous U‐Pb dating and trace element measurements of apatite. Apatite Cl measurements by ICP‐MS would remove the need for EPMA but the high (12.97 eV) first ionisation potential makes analysis challenging. Apatite Cl data were acquired using two analytical set‐ups: a Resonetics M‐50 193 nm ArF Excimer laser coupled to an Agilent 7700× quadrupole ICP‐MS (using a 26 μm spot with an 8 Hz repetition rate) and a Photon Machines Analyte Excite 193 nm ArF Excimer laser coupled to a Thermo Scientific iCAP Qc (using a 30 μm spot with a 4 Hz repetition rate). Chlorine concentrations were determined by LA‐ICP‐MS (1140 analyses in total) for nineteen apatite occurrences, and there is a comprehensive EPMA Cl and F data set for 13 of the apatite samples. The apatite sample suite includes different compositions representative of the range likely to be encountered in natural apatites, along with extreme variants including two end‐member chlorapatites. Between twenty‐six and thirty‐nine isotopes were determined in each apatite sample corresponding to a typical analytical protocol for integrated apatite fission track (U and Cl contents) and U‐Pb dating, along with REE and trace element measurements. 35Cl backgrounds (present mainly in the argon gas) were ~ 45–65 kcps in the first set‐up and ~ 4 kcps in the second set‐up. 35Cl background‐corrected signals ranged from ~ 0 cps in end‐member fluorapatite to up to ~ 90 kcps in end‐member chlorapatite. Use of a collision cell in both analytical set‐ups decreased the low mass sensitivity by approximately an order of magnitude without improving the 35Cl signal‐to‐background ratio. A minor Ca isotope was used as the internal standard to correct for drift in instrument sensitivity and variations in ablation volume during sessions. The 35Cl/43Ca values for each apatite (10–20 analyses each) when plotted against the EPMA Cl concentrations yield excellently constrained calibration relationships, demonstrating the suitability of the analytical protocol and that routine apatite Cl measurements by ICP‐MS are achievable. 相似文献
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Identifying sources of salinization using hydrochemical and isotopic techniques, Konarsiah, Iran 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
Mehdi Zarei Ezzat Raeisi Broder J. Merkel Nicolai-Alexeji Kummer 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2013,70(2):587-604
Konarsiah salt diapir is situated in the Simply Folded Zone of the Zagros Mountain, south Iran. Eight small permanent brine springs emerge from the Konarsiah salt body, with average total dissolved solids of 326.7 g/L. There are numerous brackish to saline springs emerging from the alluvial and karst aquifers adjacent to the diapir. Concerning emergence of Konarsiah diapir in the study area, halite dissolution is the most probable source of salinity in the adjacent aquifers. However, other sources including evaporation and deep brines through deep Mangerak Fault are possible. The water samples of the study area were classified based on their water-type, salinity, and the trend of the ions concentration curves. The result of this classification is in agreement with the hydrogeological setting of the study area. The hydrochemical and isotopic evaluations show that the groundwater samples are the result of mixing of four end members; Gachsaran sulfate water, Sarvak and Asmari carbonate fresh waters, and diapir brine. The molar ratios of Na/Cl, Li/Cl, Br/Cl, and SO4/Cl; and isotopic signature of the mixed samples justify a groundwater mixing model for the aquifers adjacent to the salt diapir. The share of brine in each adjacent aquifer was calculated using Cl mass balance. In addition, concentrations of 34 trace elements were determined to characterize the diapir brine and to identify the possible tracers of salinity sources in the mixed water samples. B, Mn, Rb, Sr, Cs, Tl, and Te were identified as trace elements evidencing contact of groundwater with the salt diapir. 相似文献