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煤矿中断层构造对开采条件、瓦斯突出、矿井突水等都有显著的影响。以陈四楼煤矿为例,利用分形理论计算了深部采区断层构造的分维,对断层构造的复杂程度进行了讨论和划分;分析了不同区域断层构造分维值出现差异的原因;建立了断层构造分维与矿井突水单位涌水量的对应关系,随断层分维的增加,矿井突水的单位涌水量也将随之增大。研究区的断层分维在0.7925～1.4534,断层总体的复杂程度为中等。 相似文献
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煤矿巷道中的断层、陷落柱和煤岩体结构破碎带等不良地质条件不但影响掘进施工,同时也存在突水、瓦斯突出等安全隐患。断层、陷落柱等地质异常构造与围岩在密度、速度等物性方面存在较大差异,因此可利用多波多分量地震反射法探测煤矿井下异常构造。近两年来,任楼煤矿针对矿井巷道前方的未知隐伏构造做了多次MSP震波超前探测。以Ⅱ7322机巷为例,在巷道j19点前76m处,分别于巷道的左帮及右帮对迎头前方进行了两次超前探查,2次探测解释的2个异常界面位置分别为82m、101m和85m、102m,实际揭露2个断层位置为82m、109m,探测结果与实际基本相符,实现了对掘进巷道内地质构造带的准确超前预测预报。 相似文献
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煤矿瓦斯不仅关系到能否起到利用价值,同时也关系到众多矿工的安全问题,鲁中地区是山东重要的煤炭资源基地,埠村煤矿作为其中重要的一部分,其瓦斯研究价值不言而喻。运用沉积学、构造地质学、煤地质学,数学分析等相关学科和方法,从影响瓦斯涌出量的地质构造、顶底板岩性、岩浆岩、水文地质条件、上覆基岩厚度等地质因素进行综合分析,对埠村煤矿瓦斯涌出量进行量化预测,并作出其全井田瓦斯涌出量的等值线图。研究表明,埠村井田属低瓦斯矿井,瓦斯涌出量存在东高西低的趋势,主要受埠村向斜的控制,矿井瓦斯涌出量的预测分析可以对以后生产防治作出指导作用。 相似文献
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对泉店井田的地质构造进行了分析研究,阐明了断层及褶曲的分布,探讨了井田的构造演化,分析了构造特别是断层对二1煤层的影响,为今后煤矿开发生产提供了可靠的地质依据. 相似文献
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淮南煤田阜凤推覆构造带导水性研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
一般认为，张性的正断层导水，而压性的逆断层不导水。阜凤逆冲断层是—压性断层，使寒武系灰岩、砂泥岩推覆于二叠纪煤系地层之上。该断层是否导水，对推覆体下安全采煤具有重要影响。本文测试了阜凤推覆体岩石化学成份并进行了含、导水性分析；研究了阜凤断层带构造岩的微观特征，并通过崩解试验分析了断层带介质的水稳定性及地下水迳流的有利条件：最后利用灰岩浸溶试验及碳酸平衡原理进一步研究了阜凤断层带的开放性与封闭性，结论是：阜凤推覆构造带属开放系统，具有地下水补给和迳流的必要条件，是导水的。其导水性随煤矿开粟规模的扩大而增强，此结论已在煤矿生产实跋中得到验证。 相似文献
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瑞利波勘探技术在探测瓦斯聚集区域中的应用 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
在煤矿生产过程中,煤与瓦斯突出的问题经常发生,我国瓦斯灾害已成为煤矿群死群伤的头号杀手。煤与瓦斯突出是地应力、瓦斯、煤体结构等诸因素综合作用的结果。其中,地质构造因素起着主导控制作用。地质构造复杂的区域通常属于瓦斯灾害易发区域。发生煤与瓦斯突出的位置,多与地质构造破坏带有关,或发生在小断层,或发生在小背斜褶曲,或发生在裂隙带。笔者简要介绍了一种探测有地质构造区域的方法——瑞利波探测法。该方法利用了瑞利波的频散特性与岩土的物理力学性质的相关性的原理,通过对井下实地采集的数据进行分析、处理、解释,所预测的异常区域与实际的瓦斯卸压孔所显示的异常区域相符,是一种有效的探测方法,对保证煤矿安全生产有指导作用。 相似文献
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瓦斯地质研究表明,煤矿瓦斯的赋存与地质构造有着十分密切的关系。从煤矿生产的角度考察,我国现行煤矿生产是以矿井或矿区为单位进行管理和组织生产的。掌握一个矿井(指矿井或矿区,下同)的瓦斯赋存情况,对以采煤为目的、把防治瓦斯灾害作为保证安全生产的矿井来说,具有战略上的意义。矿并边界的划分,除了人为因素外,主要是以自然的地质边界,而其中又多以构造为边界。褶皱和断层都是划分矿井边界的构造,本文仅就断层作为矿井的边界,讨论有利于煤矿瓦斯赋存的几个断裂构造组合型式。 相似文献
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Guboglo M. N. 《GeoJournal》1980,4(1):53-58
International unity is becoming ever stronger in this country owing to an increasing similarity in the development of the cultural environment. This comprises the provision of all the country's republics with a sufficient number of schools, theatres, and other institutions and cultural information media in accordance with the needs of the population. An important part is played by the rise in ‘the general educational level, as well as the level of professional qualifications and skills. Among all the Soviet nations and nationalities, this rise being more rapid among formerly backward peoples. Prominent among the factors of internationalization is the progressive development of the nationalities’ cultural resources, while professional culture is being increasingly brought within the reach of the masses.The implementation of the nationalities policy promotes the all-round development of all Soviet nations and nationalities, their drawing together, the upsurge of the individual capabilities of every Soviet citizen. 相似文献
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Jiayu Rong Michael Melchin S. Henry Williams Tatyana N. Koren Jacques Verniers 《《幕》》2008,31(3):315-318
The Global Stratotype Section and Point （GSSP） for the base of the Silurian System was defined in 1985. Since that time, a number of researchers have suggested that this section has serious deficiencies for use as a GSSP. As a result, in 2000, the Subcommission on Silurian Stratigraphy （SSS） proposed undertaking a formal restu@ of this GSSP, which was subsequently approved by the International Commission of Stratigraphy （ICS）. The result of this restudy was the formal proposal that the current GSSP, at 1.6 m above the base of the Birkhill Shale, at Dob＇s Linn, Scotland, should be maintained as the same locality and stratigraphic level, but the bios- tratigraphical definition of the boundary should be revised. The previously defined, basal Silurian grapto- lite zone, the Parakidograptus acuminatus Zone, should be subdivided into a lower Akidograptus ascensus Zone and a higher E acuminatus Zone. The base of the A. ascensus Zone, marked by the first appearance of A. ascensus, should be regarded as the biostratigraphic mark for the base of the Silurian. This proposal has now been formally approved by the SSS and ICS, and ratified by International Union of Geological Sciences. This is the first GSSP to undergo formal restudy and redefini- tion, and the proposal also included a recommended procedure for restudy of GSSPs. 相似文献
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Deviation of the major axis of the inertia ellipsoid of the Moon from the direction toward the Earth
B. P. Kondratyev 《Astronomy Reports》2017,61(8):709-714
It is known from observations that the center of mass of the Moon does not coincide with the geometric center of its figure, and the line connecting these two centers is not aligned with the direction toward the center of the Earth, instead deviating toward the Southeast. This stationary deviation of the axis of the inertia ellipsoid of the Moon to the South of the direction toward the Earth is analyzed. A system of five linear differential equations describing the physical libration of the Moon in latitude is considered, and these equations are derived using a new vector method taking into account perturbations from the Earth and partly from the Sun. The characteristic equation of this system is obtained, and all five oscillation frequencies are found. Special attention is paid to the fifth (zero) frequency, for which the solution of the latitude libration equations are stationary and represents a previously unknown additional motion of the rotational axis of theMoon in a cone with a small opening angle. In contrast to the astronomical precession of the Earth, the rotation of the angular-velocity vector is in the positive direction (counter-clockwise), with the period T 3 = 27.32 days. On this basis, this phenomenon has been named “quasi-precession.” This quasi-precession leads to a stationary inclination of the major axis of the inertia ellipsoid of theMoon to the South (for an observer on Earth), making it possible to explain one component of the observed deviation of the center of mass of the Moon from the direction toward the Earth. The opening angle of the quasiprecession cone is approximately 0.834″. 相似文献
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东濮凹陷北部沙三中亚段广泛发育盐岩和烃源岩,这两个看似不能共存的物质却在这里互层共生。该时期研究区沉积特征为多盐韵律与多层烃源岩互层共生、连续沉积,单个盐韵律厚度从几米到十几米,烃源岩有机质丰度高、类型好。平面上,两者在湖盆沉积沉降中心共生;垂向上,高有机质丰度、好干酪根类型与高盐度地层具有较好的对应关系。因而成为恢复古气候和古环境的重要研究对象。通过岩石学、古生物学以及Sr/Ba、B/Ga、(V+Ni+Mn)、Fe/Mn、Sr/Cu、Mg/Ca、V/(V+Ni)、稀土元素含量和氯同位素等方法对凹陷北部沙三中亚段的沉积环境进行研究。结果表明,凹陷北部沙三中亚段为深水沉积的还原环境,古盐度较高,达到半咸水-咸水沉积;微量元素和孢粉化石特征表明研究区沙三中亚段为温暖潮湿的环境。 相似文献
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Important tendencies in development of the world mineral-resources sector at the beginning of the 21st century were an increase in production and consumption of mineral materials differentiated by types of metals and nonmetallic mineral raw materials, by countries and regions, as well as the concentration of the production of mineral raw materials in a small number of countries, and a reduction in industrial reserves of minerals in the world economy, even at the current stage of their extraction. These tendencies should be taken into account in working out a strategy for development of the Russian mineral raw-material base. 相似文献
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Fouad N. Ibrahim Dr. 《GeoJournal》1988,17(1):133-141
Taking the example of W Sudan, an analysis of the climatic incidents leading to the two recent famine disasters is made. On this natural background, the human side is investigated. Focus is directed towards the fragile economic structure of the famine-prone population groups. An early-warning system for famine in the Sahelian Zone is proposed taking grain production and storage, livestock development and the relationship between the prices of livestock and grain as major indicators. 相似文献
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郯庐断裂南段研究进展与断裂性质讨论 总被引：13，自引：3，他引：13
据1：5万区域地质调查和专题研究资料，就郯庐断裂带是否南延与消失的原因，其与大别—苏鲁造山带交截形成的假位错效应，以及与中新生代沉积盆地形成演化的关系等作了新的阐述。在此基础上，讨论了郯庐断裂带是否为巨大的左行平移断层或转换断层。认为郯庐断裂带可能是在“古郯庐带”的基础上于早侏罗世重新活动、白垩纪强烈活动的地堑型枢纽断裂带。 相似文献
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The Importance of the Precipitation and the Susceptibility of the Slopes for the Triggering of Landslides Along the Roads 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
Clemente Irigaray Francisco Lamas Rachid El Hamdouni Tomás Fernández José Chacón 《Natural Hazards》2000,21(1):65-81
In order to characterise the influence of the heavyrains on the observed landslides during the 1996–1997hydrological cycle, rainfall records for the last 100years are analysed from 104 stations in easternAndalusia. Regarding the amounts of rain recordedbetween October 1996 and March 1997 in the 104stations studied, 31 presented new all-time records;15 presented values that were 80–100% of thepre-1995 record; 49 stations, 80–50%; and 9stations, < 50%. A map has been devised of thesusceptibility of the materials through which thesouth-eastern Andalusian road network crosses,together with an inventory of the damage caused byinstability phenomena on banks and cuttings of theroad network during the winter of 1996–1997. Therelationships between the rainfall during the studyperiod, the damage caused to the road network and thesusceptibility of the materials affected are analysed.The results indicate that there is a clearcorrespondence between the rainfall recorded and thesusceptibility of the materials with the inventorieddamage. It is concluded that the widespread seriousdamage caused in early 1997 to the roads andsurrounding areas in the Alpujarra region and thecoast of the Province of Granada was mainly caused bythe extraordinarily heavy rains. However, considerablyless damage was observed where the susceptibility ofthe terrain is low, thus highlighting the extremeusefulness of terrain-susceptibility maps for riskprevention and territorial planning. 相似文献