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作者通过对龙门山北段志留纪牙形石和笔石的研究,自下而上初步建立了该区的牙形石带:Paraspothognothodus obesus 带,Paraspothognathodus parahassi-P．guizhoweusis 组合带,Pterospathogwa-wodus oelloui 带:笔石带:Demirastriles (?) 带,Spirograptus (?) 带和 Streptograptus nodifer 带.在此基础上,将该区地层自下而上划分为:龙马溪组、磨刀垭组、后蒿坪组和宁强组,其中磨刀垭组和后蒿坪组为2个新建组。本区绝大部分地层为下志留统,只有宁强组上部可能为中志留统。 相似文献
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四川岳池龙潭期地层及腕足动物 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
首次系统地报道了四川华蓥山地区岳池县李子垭剖面中的龙潭组地层及其腕足动物群,并对该腕足动物群的性质和特点进行了定量和定性分析。同时,与国内其它有关地区的同期的腕足动物群进行对比、讨论,指出该动物群为华南区晚二叠世早期比较典型的腕足动物群。 相似文献
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川西泥盆系观雾山组沉积相研究缺乏横向对比,沉积模式还存在争议。根据川西北部白家乡大木垭剖面与何家梁剖面实测成果,对中泥盆统观雾山组沉积相进行了分析,认为:大木垭剖面与何家梁剖面观雾山组为碳酸盐镶边台地沉积,期间发生短暂的碳酸盐缓坡化;桂溪剖面观雾山组同属碳酸盐台地边缘,观雾山组中段发育开阔台地深水沉积,并不是前人认为的潟湖沉积。研究区碳酸盐镶边台地包括台地边缘和前缘斜坡两种亚相,前缘斜坡亚相发育于何家梁剖面,以塌积岩沉积为标志。碳酸盐缓坡包括深水缓坡和浅水缓坡两种亚相。随着海平面变化,观雾山组碳酸盐岩发育三个沉积旋回,第一、第三沉积旋回为镶边台地沉积,第二沉积旋回为碳酸盐缓坡沉积。观雾山组沉积微相对储层的分布起控制作用:生物碎屑滩和上斜坡微相为有利储层发育相带;生物礁中在油气运移之前形成的溶蚀孔洞已被白云石和方解石充填,滩间微相泥质(泥晶)白云岩不利于溶蚀孔洞形成,这二者均不是有利储层发育相带。 相似文献
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峡区晚奥陶世地球化学异常与奥陶系-志留系之交环境变迁 总被引：6，自引：1，他引：6
通过对峡东地区宜昌王家湾、黄花场和分乡等三条重要奥陶系 -志留系界线剖面碳同位素 (δ1 3C)地球化学异常对比研究 ,以及远安苟家垭和秭归新滩奥陶系 -志留系界线剖面稀土元素分布型式、δCe异常的分析 ,和对苟家垭奥陶系 -志留系界线剖面微量元素 (Rb、Sr、Sc、V、Ni等 )地球化学异常的研究 ,揭示了奥陶系 -志留系界线附近地球环境的巨大变化 ,论述了环境变化对生物界的影响 ,将奥陶系五峰组划分为 2个三级层序和 5个四级层序 ,为奥陶系 /志留系界线层型剖面的最终确定提供了新的参考依据 相似文献
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汉中天台山磷矿,位于秦岭海西褶皱带的南缘,与扬子地台毗邻(图1),为汉中天台山—茶店—何家岩—金家河磷矿带的东段。含磷岩系的前代,因缺乏生物化石依据,一直没有解决。现根据1983年、1984年两年来在天台山磷矿雷家山、塔南坡等矿区所获成果,以及笔者多年的野外工作实践,对含磷岩系的时代、层序及成矿特征等作一探讨,不妥之处,望指正。一、剖面描述天台山磷矿雷家山矿区斩龙垭剖面(图2)上覆下寒武统三道峡组(?)_1 S~2 段——整合——下寒武统三道峡组(?)_1 S~1 段34.61m6.黑色炭质千枚岩、炭质硅质板岩 28.13m5.泥质白云岩夹绢云千枚岩薄层 0.90m4.灰色含炭绢云千枚岩 2.64m 相似文献
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奥陶纪地层中之杨子贝层,根据穆恩之“鄂西地层筒介”已肯定为下奥陶纪(O_1),其划分根据是那些没有见到材料。但从本区南部后垭一带见到的情况,关于杨子贝层究竟应属那一层问题尚值得研究。 后垭北西十里左右之官塘地层剖面为: 相似文献
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贵州省猪拱塘铅锌矿床位于川-滇-黔铅锌多金属成矿域东侧、紫云—垭都断裂带北西段。近年来成功运用新理论、新方法正确指导找矿勘查,发现并基本查明该矿床为一超大型铅锌矿床。通过对猪拱塘铅锌矿深部找矿工作发现,该矿床主要受NW向垭都—蟒硐断裂构造控制,容矿岩石为泥盆系上统—二叠系中统灰岩、泥灰岩、白云岩及白云质灰岩,矿体呈透镜体状、脉状和似层状赋存于断裂破碎带中,矿体在平面上部分叠合,剖面上形成平行分布的错列式矿体,具隐伏、陡倾、埋藏深、富矿段相对集中、有用组分多等特点。区内断裂构造、容矿岩性、围岩蚀变和物化探异常等可作为找矿标志。通过对猪拱塘铅锌矿床地质特征、控矿因素和找矿标志等方面的研究,认为其潜在经济价值巨大,对区域内铅锌矿找矿以及建立黔西北铅锌矿资源基地和深加工基地具有重要指导意义,为黔西北地区铅锌找矿指明了方向。这一矿床的发现对乌蒙山集中连片特困区脱贫攻坚具有深远的影响。 相似文献
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贵州省猪拱塘铅锌矿床位于川-滇-黔铅锌多金属成矿域东侧、紫云—垭都断裂带北西段。近年来成功运用新理论、新方法正确指导找矿勘查,发现并基本查明该矿床为一超大型铅锌矿床。通过对猪拱塘铅锌矿深部找矿工作发现,该矿床主要受NW向垭都—蟒硐断裂构造控制,容矿岩石为泥盆系上统—二叠系中统灰岩、泥灰岩、白云岩及白云质灰岩,矿体呈透镜体状、脉状和似层状赋存于断裂破碎带中,矿体在平面上部分叠合,剖面上形成平行分布的错列式矿体,具隐伏、陡倾、埋藏深、富矿段相对集中、有用组分多等特点。区内断裂构造、容矿岩性、围岩蚀变和物化探异常等可作为找矿标志。通过对猪拱塘铅锌矿床地质特征、控矿因素和找矿标志等方面的研究,认为其潜在经济价值巨大,对区域内铅锌矿找矿以及建立黔西北铅锌矿资源基地和深加工基地具有重要指导意义,为黔西北地区铅锌找矿指明了方向。这一矿床的发现对乌蒙山集中连片特困区脱贫攻坚具有深远的影响。 相似文献
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S. Viswanathan K. Surya Prakash Rao B. Mahabaleswar 《Journal of the Geological Society of India》2013,82(6):621-627
Komatiites are mantle-derived ultramafic volcanic rocks. Komatiites have been discovered in several States of India, notably in Karnataka. Studies on the distribution of trace-elements in the komatiites of India are very few. This paper proposes a simple, accurate, precise, rapid, and non-destructive wavelength-dispersive x-ray fluorescence (WDXRF) spectrometric technique for determining Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th in komatiites, and discusses the accuracy, precision, limits of detection, x-ray spectral-line interferences, inter-element effects, speed, advantages, and limitations of the technique. The accuracy of the technique is excellent (within 3%) for Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th and very good (within 4%) for Y. The precision is also excellent (within 3%) for Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th. The limits of detection are: 1 ppm for Sc and V; 2 ppm for Cr, Co, and Ni; 3 ppm for Cu, Zn, Rb, and Sr; 4 ppm for Y and Zr; 6 ppm for Nb; 10 ppm for Ba; 13 ppm for Pb; and 14 ppm for Th. The time taken for determining Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th in a batch of 24 samples of komatiites, for a replication of four analyses per sample, by one operator, using a manual WDXRF spectrometer, is only 60 hours. 相似文献
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E. M. Prasolov S. A. Sergeev B. V. Belyatsky E. S. Bogomolov K. A. Gruzdov I. N. Kapitonov R. Sh. Krymsky V. O. Khalenev 《Geochemistry International》2018,56(1):46-64
This paper reports the first results of a study of 11 isotope systems (3He/4He, 40Ar/36Ar, 34S/32S, 65Cu/63Cu, 62Ni/60Ni, 87Sr/86Sr, 143Nd/144Nd, 206–208Pb/204Pb, Hf–Nd, U–Pb, and Re–Os) in the rocks and ores of the Cu–Ni–PGE deposits of the Norilsk ore district. Almost all the results were obtained at the Center of Isotopic Research of the Karpinskii All-Russia Research Institute of Geology. The use of a number of independent genetic isotopic signatures and comprehensive isotopic knowledge provided a methodic basis for the interpretation of approximately 5000 isotopic analyses of various elements. The presence of materials from two sources, crust and mantle, was detected in the composition of the rocks and ores. The contribution of the crustal source is especially significant in the paleofluids (gas–liquid microinclusions) of the ore-forming medium. Crustal solutions were probably a transport medium during ore formation. Air argon is dominant in the ores, which indicates a connection between the paleofluids and the atmosphere. This suggests intense groundwater circulation during the crystallization of ore minerals. The age of the rocks and ores of the Norilsk deposits was determined. The stage of orebody formation is restricted to a narrow age interval of 250 ± 10 Ma. An isotopic criterion was proposed for the ore-bearing potential of mafic intrusions in the Norilsk–Taimyr region. It includes several interrelated isotopic ratios of various elements: He, Ar, S, and others. 相似文献
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奥地利安东帕有限公司 《岩矿测试》2009,28(3):306-306
最新的流行病学研究表明,空气中较高浓度的悬浮细颗粒可能对人类的健康有不利的影响。根据该项研究显示,由于心脏病、慢性呼吸问题和肺功能指标恶化而导致死亡率的升高与细尘粒子有关。这些研究结果已经促使欧盟于1999年4月出台了限制空气中二氧化硫、二氧化氮、氧化氮、铅和颗粒物含量的法案(1999/30/EC),对各项指标包括对可吸入PM10颗粒的浓度提出了新的限制性指标。PM10颗粒是指可以通过预分级器分离采集的气体动力学直径小于10μm的细颗粒。目前研究的兴趣重点逐步偏向PM2.5这些更细微颗粒物,PM2.5这种颗粒物对健康有明显的不利影响。在欧盟指令2008/50/EC中,对PM10和PM2.5都提 相似文献
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Mining induced subsidence can significantly affect mining costs where major surface facilities and natural environment need to be protected. Overburden grout injection is a technology used to control coal mine subsidence by injecting the mine waste material extracted from the coal back into the inter-burden rock during longwall mining. The flowing slurry is here categorised as a nonlinear viscous cohesive (Bingham plastic) fluid. During longwall mining the grout slurry is pumped into the separated beds of the rock mass through a central vertical borehole, which is drilled deep into the inter-burden rock strata above the coal seam. However, a blockage can occur in the injection system when the slurry velocity falls below a certain critical threshold velocity, indicating a material phase change from cohesive-viscous to cohesive-frictional. In situ field injection tests through boreholes have been simulated at a smaller scale at the CSIRO laboratory in Brisbane by pumping the slurry through a radial disk (gap = 4 mm) from its centre. Laboratory experiments indicate a general, nonlinear, cohesive, viscous, frictional model for shear behaviour of the slurry, in which the material shear parameters are functions of the disk radial distance. Complete dimensional and dimensionless analytical solutions have been developed based on an approach related to Bingham–Herschel–Bulkley fluid mechanics. The derived formulae include relations for minimum pump pressure, local pressure and pressure gradient, wall shear stress, volume rate, velocity and velocity gradient. The theoretical results match the experimental measurements. The experiments covered slurries with maximum particle sizes of 0.5 to 2 mm with about 50% being larger than 100 µm. The viscosities at the various solids concentrations were measured with a standard torsion viscometer. This study differs from the previous research in several distinct aspects, namely, consideration of the variable shear parameters rather than fixed values, inclusion of total nonlinear behaviour, and implementation of a friction function to mimic behaviour of the deposited and consolidating stiff slurry, which can cause a significant pressure rise as a result of the increased shear resistance. 相似文献
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Alexander E. C. Broberg J. S. Kehren A. R. Graziani M. M. Turri W. L. 《Environmental Geology》1993,22(4):353-361
Bellechester, Minnesota, is a small community of approximately 155 residents located on the county line between Goodhue and Wabasha counties in southeast Minnesota's karst region. Bellechester is served by a 21-year-old wastewater treatment facility (WWTF) consisting of three waste-stabilization ponds. On 28 April 1992 six sinkholes were discovered to have drained cell 2 of the WWTF resulting in the loss of approximately 8.7×106 1 of partially treated effluent and about 600 m3 of soil into previously undetected subsurface voids of unknown dimensions. In the week following the collapse, approximately 200 water wells located within a 5-km radius of the WWTF were sampled in an after-the-fact, emergency sampling program. Twelve samples with elevated fecal coliform levels, 18 samples with nitrate-nitrogen greater than the 10 mg/1 standard, and no samples with elevated chlorides were found. However, the elevated levels could not be unambiguously attributed to the WWTF collapse. This is the third WWTF to fail by sinkhole collapse in southeast Minnesota since 1974. All three collapsed lagoons have been located in similar geomorphic and stratigraphic settings. However, at least two lagoons have collapsed in the adjacent area in northeast Iowa, and these lagoons are located at different stratigraphic positions. Twenty-two WWTFs constructed in southeast Minnesota's karst region in the last 25 years have been identified as subject to potential sinkhole collapse. An unknown but significant number of manure storage lagoons, flood control structures, etc., have also been constructed in the karst region and are at risk. Public agencies are beginning to develop plans to deal with the risk associated with existing and future waste lagoons in this environment. The critical hydrogeologic parameters that can be used to prioritize the risk of collapse at existing facilities include: (1) the lithology of the first bedrock beneath each lagoon, (2) the thickness of surficial materials between the lagoon and the bedrock surface, (3) the presence and construction of liners (seepage rate), and (4) the proximity to existing sinkholes. 相似文献
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岩石密度和超高压岩石折返速率 总被引：1，自引：3，他引：1
在常温常压条件下对中国大陆科学钻CCSD主孔100-3000米岩心样品进行了密度测量,建立了密度连续剖面,并界定了不同超高压岩石的密度值。通过对比高温高压物性实验资料,岩石密度随着退变程度增强而降低,榴辉岩密度变化序列为3.52g/cm3→3.49g/cm3→3.07g/cm3→2.93g/cm3。超高压长英质岩石密度变化序列为3.00g/cm→2.80g/cm3→2.65g/cm3。上述实验资料是讨论不同折返阶段岩石所受浮力的基础,为研究折返速率大小提供了基本参数。本文通过折返板块运动平衡时,上浮力与粘滞力平衡这一关系式,定量研究了大陆俯冲板块的折返速率,认为密度差产生上浮力从而引起折返,温度对板块折返速率的影响最为显著;密度差大小、折返角度、折返板块大小对折返速率也有直接的影响。定量模拟分析表明,在温度高于850℃时,板块的折返速率可以超过100mm/a;当温度降至700℃时,折返速率则低于1.5mm/a。作者认为在折返早期,温度较高,板块快速折返至60-70km榴辉岩相深度;随着传导散热,温度降低,板块以较慢的速率折返至中下地壳。折返速率的估算表明,浮力是板块折返第一阶段(从>100km深部折返至<40km的中下地壳)的主要驱动力。 相似文献
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滇东南锡、银、铅、锌多金属矿床主要分布在个旧、白牛厂、都龙3个矿区,而滇东南较大的3个花岗岩体又分别出露在3个矿区或附近.花岗岩体均形成于燕山晚期,岩石化学、矿物成分相似,富含锡、银、铅、锌、钨、铜等成矿元素.矿床主金属元素组合与岩体之间的距离由远而近出现由锡、钨、(铍、铌、钽)→锡、钨、(铁)、铜、铟→锡、铅、锌、银、铟、(锑)有规律的变化.花岗岩浆是成矿物质来源和成矿热源.岩浆侵入初期使上覆地层隆起产生背斜(凹陷部位成向斜);同时使地层产生一系列裂隙、压性断层或层间断裂;岩浆侵入晚期,这些断层再次活动,表现为张性,岩浆产生的含矿热液沿由其活动所造成的断裂迁移、充填、交代、沉淀而形成矿床. 相似文献