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1.
依据1989年至2019年云南大理地区所辖12个气象站点的气候数据和洱海水质监测资料等文献,分析大理地区气候变化特征和洱海富营养化变化趋势,并总结洱海水质综合营养状态指数与降水量、气温的相互关系。结果表明,1989年至2019年期间,大理地区的年平均气温呈波动上升趋势,气候变暖明显,冬季气温升温幅度最大;年降水量总体呈波动下降趋势,秋季降水量减少最为显著。洱海水质的综合营养状态指数及单因子总氮、总磷、高锰酸盐指数等总体呈升高趋势,而水体透明度呈降低趋势;进一步可分成2个阶段,即2003年之前呈快速上升或下降变化趋势;2003年之后呈波动稳定趋势。洱海综合营养状态指数与年平均气温呈正相关,与年降水量呈负相关关系;总氮、水体透明度分别与年平均气温正相关和负相关,与年降水量则呈负相关和正相关;而总磷与冬季平均气温、高锰酸盐指数与夏季或冬季平均气温均呈正相关关系。年内变化上,洱海污染指数、综合营养状态指数在最近的2015—2019年期间呈现6—10月份明显增高,显示非汛期水质明显好于汛期状况。总之,1989—2019年期间,受大理地区气温升高、降水量减少导致入湖水量减少的影响,洱海综合营养状态指数呈升高趋势,湖泊富营养化进程加剧状况没有得到改善,洱海水环境仍然比较脆弱。 相似文献
2.
Shane O’Boyle Georgina McDermott Tone Noklegaard Robert Wilkes 《Estuaries and Coasts》2013,36(1):158-173
Measurements of pH and dissolved oxygen saturation in summer from 90 Irish estuaries and coastal bays were used to develop a simple index of trophic state. The index is based on the assumption that large fluctuations in both these variables are likely to be a characteristic feature of eutrophication. In this paper, we use a simple index to capture the relative variation in both pH and dissolved oxygen saturation in each water body during a period of 3 years. We show that the index is in good agreement with other trophic status schemes and strongly correlated with parameters indicative of trophic state such as chlorophyll a and biochemical oxygen demand. We conclude that the index could be used as a simple screening tool to group individual water bodies into broad categories that reflect their trophic state. 相似文献
3.
Eutrophication,health risk assessment and spatial analysis of water quality in Gucheng Lake,China 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
The water characteristics of the Gucheng Lake, such as eutrophication, health and spatial distribution, were investigated.
On the basis of the trophic state index (TSI) and entropy weight, a synthesized trophic state index (STSI) model was established
to assess lake eutrophication condition through calculating STSI, choosing TP, TN, COD, BOD and NH3-N as trophic variables. The STSI ranged from 50.58 to 62.44, which showed that the water has been between eutrophic and supereutrophic.
A histogram was applied to health risk assessment which was analyzed from carcinogenic substances (Cr+6, As and Cd) and non-carcinogenic substances (hydroxybenzene, Pb, Hg, CN− and NH3), and the results showed that the former was much greater than the latter for effect. The total risk for each resident caused
by all pollutants ranged from 5.18E-05 to 8.34E-05, which is far higher than the standard, recommended by Sweden Bureau of
Environment Protection and Holland Ministry of Building and Environment Protection (1.0E-05). Cluster analysis was used to
detect similarities and dissimilarities among the seven sampling sites and explain the observed clustering in terms of affected
conditions. Twenty-one variables were used to divide seven sampling sites into three groups, namely, north lake, south lake
and lake center. 相似文献
4.
太湖入湖河道沉积物中生物利用磷和营养水平分析 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
为了解太湖入湖河道的营养状况,研究了太湖西部河流沉积物生物利用磷的组成与分布。研究结果显示,北部沉积物中营养元素较高,南部较低;沉积物中生物利用磷的含量次序为藻类可利用磷(AAP)>NaHCO3提取磷(OLP)>水溶性磷(WSP)>易解吸磷(RDP),其中AAP是重要的生物利用磷,AAP的比例越高,富营养化程度越高。AAP与营养元素的相关性在不同区域河道有所不同,北部河道与总氮(TN)、总磷(TP)相关性较好,中部和南部河道与沉积物有机质总量(TOM)相关性较好。沉积物的生物利用磷受不同污染源影响较大。对比河道沉积物与湖泊沉积物的特征,发现湖泊沉积物中生物利用磷(BAP)/总磷(TP)、藻类可利用磷(AAP)/总磷(TP)都高于河道沉积物,表明湖泊沉积物中的磷更容易被植物吸收。 相似文献
5.
天津临港经济区地处滨海, 完全是由填海造陆形成的人工陆地。土壤是港口航道清淤淤泥、近海海沙吹填围海造陆后形成的吹填土, 其性质特殊, 研究吹填土壤中氮磷空间分布对了解该区域环境状况有重要意义。研究发现:天津临港吹填土整体含氮量较低, 按土层深度分布, 平均质量分数为161.73~240.09 mg/kg;含磷量相对丰富, 平均质量分数为355.54~443.27 mg/kg;总氮变异系数较大, 总磷变异系数较小, 氮、磷质量分数主要受不同区域吹填土性质影响。吹填土中有机磷质量分数较少, 平均仅占总磷的3.83%, 吹填土中磷大多以无机磷形式存在, 其相对质量分数从大到小为:钙结合磷(Ca-P) >铁结合磷(Fe-P) >铝结合磷(Al-P) >闭蓄态磷(Oc-P) >碎屑磷(De-P) >交换态磷(Ex-P)。研究表明, 临港吹填土氮、磷质量分数水平对近海环境有潜在富营养污染威胁。 相似文献
6.
沉积物中磷的赋存形态及磷形态顺序提取分析方法 总被引：11，自引：1，他引：10
阐述了当前我国水体富营养化的现状,水体的富营养化与水体中磷、氮的浓度以及二者的浓度比值有着密切的关系。水体富营养化时氮和磷的浓度均很高,但没有一个固定的值,是在一个较宽泛的富营养范围内,氮和磷的浓度比值大多在10∶1～20∶1。湖泊沉积物作为湖泊水体中磷的重要蓄积库,是湖泊流域磷循环的重要归属,也是湖泊水体内源性磷的主要来源,沉积物中极少量的稳定磷转化为活性磷就会造成湖泊水体富营养化。文中介绍了沉积物中无机磷形态的分类,评述了欧盟标准局在研制湖泊沉积物磷形态标准物质时比对采用的4种提取方法(Willimas法、Hieltjes-Lijklema法、Ruttenberg法、Golterman法),总结了国内外学者所应用的沉积物中磷的各种形态提取方法和磷各形态的分析测定方法,国内学者应用的方法是在国外学者方法的基础上提出的,阐述了顺序提取方法及其地球化学意义。简要评述了湖泊沉积物中磷的生物释放、物理释放和化学释放三种释放机制,这三种释放机制相辅相成,在一特定的环境条件下某一过程可能占主导地位来控制沉积物磷的释放。最后提出应该加强对沉积物中磷的各种形态的专属提取剂及其提取有效性的分子表征和检测,更加细化对于沉积物中磷形态的分类和创新各种磷形态的分析方法,建立沉积物-水体磷的迁移、循环和转化模型,这对于从根本上解决富营养化问题具有重要意义。 相似文献
7.
Weihong WANG Min JI Yuwei XUE 《中国地球化学学报》2006,25(B08):167-168
In recent years, reclaimed wastewater as a water source for urban artificial landscape rivers is being rapidly developed in some coastal cities with limited water resource available in China. However, eutrophication occurs more often in the landscape waterbody with reclaimed wastewater than in natural rivers and lakes. The study of restoration and reconstruction of macrophytes, especially the submerged aquatic vegetation, is essential to inhibit eutrophication of reclaimed wastewater. This study investigated the seasonal variation of biomass of Ruppia maritima in the artificial landscape river using reclaimed wastewater as the only water source in Tianjin, China. It was found that there were two seasonal growth peaks of Ruppia maritima each year in the coastal reclaimedwastewater. The contents of nitrogen and phosphorus of Ruppia maritima varied with the season. 相似文献
8.
水体富营养化与水体沉积物释放营养盐 总被引：10，自引：0，他引：10
水体富营养化已经成为世界水环境面临的最为重要的问题.简要介绍了中国水体富营养化的现状和水体富营养化的成因.着重阐述了在截断外源污染后,水体沉积物对营养盐的释放及其主要影响因素,并提出了目前存在的问题和未来的发展方向,为水体富营养化的研究、预防和治理工作提供了系统、科学的理论依据. 相似文献
9.
结合物理、化学、生物学指标,采用Margelef多样性指数、营养状态综合指数法对淮南矿区塌陷塘水体水质进行定性分析和定量研究,发现水体受有机污染严重,BOD5、CODCr、TP等指标含量较高,水质状况已趋于富营养化,其水体中氮的含量与水质变化的相关性明显大于磷,而且磷受环境因素影响较明显;Margelef多样性指数也由1986年的3.20减至2005年的2.21(小于2.5),营养状态综合指数为65.18,水质级别为中度富营养(Ⅳ)。这说明塌陷塘水体水质变化一方面受环境因素干扰较为严重,另一方面也有其内在的发展规律,和内陆湖泊相比有较明显的特殊性。 相似文献
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Water pollution is a widespread problem in different areas of the world. Some of these problems originated from point contamination sources and widespread contaminant outlet sources which are observed in every country. The major elements and chemical loads of surface water have been dominated by constituents derived directly or indirectly from human activities and/or industrial practices that have increased additives in the last several decades. The point sources of contamination may result from the direct wastewater discharges to the dam sites, which are considered to be the most commonly encountered water pollution problems. One of these problems is the eutrophication process which usually occurs in the static water mass of lakes and other surface water reservoirs. This process may be caused by the continuous increase of nitrogen and phosphorus contents and decrease of O2 level in water causing an anaerobic condition which may stimulate algae-growth flow in these water bodies, consequently reducing the quality of water. Of course, there are many research methods for determining the various kinds of water pollution. In this research, the hydrochemical parameters were evaluated to estimate the types of pollution sources, the level of pollution, and its environmental impacts on the Tahtal dam reservoir. 相似文献
12.
太湖东部湖湾水生植物生长区底泥氮磷污染特征 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
为了解太湖东部湖湾(贡湖湾、光福湾、渔洋湾)表层底泥中氮、磷的污染特征及其与水生植物生长的关系,采集了各湖湾滨岸带水生植物生长区的表层底泥,探讨了水生植物的生长与分布对表层底泥中总氮(TN)、总磷(TP)及总有机碳(TOC)等含量的影响,并对表层底泥进行营养评价.结果表明,水生植物生长密集区底泥中TN、TP、TOC的含量均显著低于水生植物零星生长区,说明水生植物的生长对太湖东部湖湾表层底泥中营养盐与有机碳含量具有较为明显的影响;相关性分析显示,表层底泥中TOC与TN含量呈显著相关性(R2=0.832 8),而与TP的相关性则较弱(R2=0.166 5),反映了TOC在湖泊底泥中的沉积可能成为湖泊氮的重要来源,而对磷的影响较小.利用有机指数与有机氮指数两种方法分别对东部各湖湾底泥进行污染评价,贡湖湾、光福湾、渔洋湾底泥有机指数平均值分别为0.142 7、0.228 6与0.208 6,均属较清洁与尚清洁水平,而各湖湾有机氮指数平均值均为Ⅲ与Ⅳ级,说明底泥已遭受了一定程度的氮污染.因此,对水生植物零星生长区表层底泥中氮含量的控制与削减有利于湖泊富营养化的预防与治理. 相似文献
13.
Impact of aquaculture on eutrophication in Changshou Reservoir 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：1
1INTRODUCTION EUTROPHICATIONCANBEUNDERSTOODASAPHENOME NONOFTHEENRICHMENTOFNUTRIENTSINAWATERBODY.THE MOSTIMPORTANTNUTRIENTSTHATCAUSEEUTROPHICATIONARE PHOSPHATES,NITRATESANDAMMONIA(CAIQINGHUA,1993;HORNEANDGOLDMAN,1994).THEMOSTPROMI NENTFEATURESOFEUTROPHICWATERSARETHEHIGHCONTENTS OFNUTRIENTSANDTHEABUNDANCEOFPLANKTONSORATTACHED ALGAE.EUTROPHICATIONISACOMMONPHENOMENO… 相似文献
14.
T. I. Moiseenko N. A. Gashkina M. I. Dinu T. A. Kremleva V. Yu. Khoroshavin 《Geochemistry International》2013,51(13):1031-1148
This paper reports the results of an extensive investigation of water chemistry in the small lakes of European Russia and Western Siberia along a climatic gradient. It was demonstrated that small lakes unaffected by any direct contamination can be used as indicators of natural geochemical conditions of water formation, as well as global and regional fluxes of airborne pollution and climate warming. A novel concept was developed for within- and between-zone variability in water chemistry over vast areas of tundra, taiga, forest, and steppe, and contributions of natural and anthropogenic factors to its formation under present-day conditions were estimated. A proposed predictive scenario showed that climate warming will result in an increase in water salinity in southern regions and ubiquitous phosphorus enrichment in terrestrial waters; the hydrologic and geochemical conditions of water formation in northern Siberia will change significantly in response to permafrost thawing. Zonal features in the development of anthropogenically-induced processes in terrestrial surface waters (acidification, eutrophication, and metal enrichment) were determined. It was demonstrated that, in addition to naturally acidified lakes with high contents of humic acids, acid lakes of anthropogenic origin occur over the whole humid region discussed here, and acidification processes were characterized for each subregion. The trophic status of lakes and limitation of their bioproductivity with respect to nutrients were estimated. The concentrations and distribution of trace elements were analyzed in terrestrial waters from various climatic zones of European Russia and Western Siberia, and the first estimates were obtained for the mean concentrations and coefficients of migration of a wide range of elements in terrestrial freshwaters. We distinguished a group of metal (Mo, As, U, Bi, Sb, Cd, Ag, Se, Re, Pb, Cd, W, etc.) the enrichment of which in natural waters results from their global dispersion in the environment. Experimental results and natural observations are presented on the processes of metal ion complexation with humus substances, and sequences of their increasing activity in competing for organic ligands were derived. Data are presented on the speciation of metals depending on natural water chemistry in the tundra, taiga, and steppe zones. The pioneering investigations on the geochemistry of natural waters allowed us to substantiate new regional norms for water quality. 相似文献
15.
磷是生命体的必需元素,也是粮食生产的重要限制因素。磷的生物地球化学循环不仅调控着海洋的初级生产力,而且影响着全球气候系统,并决定着磷矿资源的形成和分布,与地球上生命的生存繁衍息息相关。当前“地球系统科学”理论将大气圈、水圈、岩石圈（地壳和上地幔）和生物圈等子系统有机整合,为研究磷的生物地球化学循环提供了更加广阔的视野。基于已有研究,结合“地球系统科学”理论观点,针对磷的生物化学循环获得了以下重要认识： 磷在地质历史时期的演化决定了现今磷在全球范围内（陆地生态系统与海洋生态系统）的循环模式;人类的工业和农业活动作为重要的地质营力,改变了磷的生物地球化学循环过程,造成了磷矿枯竭的资源危机及水体富营养化的环境问题;解决磷短缺的资源危机问题和磷过剩的环境污染问题的关键在于调控引起这些问题的生物地球化学循环过程。 相似文献
16.
太湖富营养化与蓝藻水华引起的饮用水危机——原因与对策 总被引：58，自引：0，他引：58
[ZW（*][HT6H]〓收稿日期：.
〓作者简介：[HT6SS]（1963 ），男，江苏苏州人，研究员，主要从事水环境研究.[WT6HZ]E mail:[WT6BZ]qinbq@niglas.ac.cn[ZW)]
[HT4F][HT5K]()[JZ）]
[HT5H][GK2]
摘〓要：[HT5K]2007年5月份发生在无锡太湖蓝藻水华引起的自来水危机事件进一步凸现我国湖泊富营养化的严峻局面和蓝藻水华频发的现状。从分析太湖富营养化发生、发展，蓝藻水华爆发的原因和机制入手，提出湖泊富营养化治理和蓝藻水华控制的途径和措施。研究表明，太湖富营养化之所以如此严重而且治理起来异常艰难，主要是由于太湖发育于长江中下游洪泛平原，营养本底高；由于水浅和沉水植被的退化使得频繁的风浪扰动造成内源营养盐负荷维持在一个非常高的水平；而流域内社会经济的高速发展，进一步加剧了太湖富营养化进程。蓝藻水华爆发一方面与蓝藻本身的生理特征有关，如固碳、伪空泡、光吸收及营养盐利用的能力；另一方面则与系统内物理、化学、生物环境有关，如独特的浅水湖泊水下光场结构和低的捕食压力。太湖的富营养化治理需遵循控源截污、湖泊生态修复和流域管理的原则，具体措施包括前置库和人工湿地的面源污染物控制技术；物理机械和生物去除内源营养盐削减技术；沉水植被恢复的湖泊生态修复技术。而蓝藻水华的控制技术则包括围隔拦截和导流的物理工程方法、絮凝沉降和抑藻物添加的化学工程方法以及生态浮床和生物操纵的生态工程方法。具体使用时，需要先诊断、后治理。
相似文献
17.
云南程海富营养化过程的碳氧稳定同位素示踪 总被引：9，自引：2，他引：9
近500年来程海生物成因碳酸盐δ18O和δ13C及其有机质δ13C同位素记录了程海湖泊环境由贫营养到中富营养的演化过程.碳酸盐δ18O记录显示,大约1690年程海成为封闭湖泊后,当时湖泊贫营养环境并没有发生变化,但造成了湖泊水体交换周期加长,碳酸盐δ13C、有机质δ13C及其色素含量、碳酸盐含量变化指示湖泊生产力开始增高.1911～1942年碳酸盐δ18O和δ13C及有机质δ13C突然显著偏负,表明湖泊生物种群结构发生转变,湖泊初级生产力迅速增加,湖泊由贫营养向中营养转化.湖泊沉积物色素含量及碳酸盐含量变化也记录了这一湖泊环境的转换过程.约1986年以来,随着藻类养殖业及其农业耕作方式的转变,程海水环境渐渐转变成目前的中富营养化状态. 相似文献
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