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1.
软土一般具有蠕变特性,蠕变在微观上表现为土颗粒与孔隙的变化。为了解长期变形内在机制,对天津滨海吹填软土原状土与重塑土进行了固结不排水三轴蠕变试验。在围压为75 kPa、偏应力为10 kPa情况下开展多组平行试验,选取蠕变过程中多个时间点的试样进行微观结构测试,提取了颗粒与孔隙变化参数,研究蠕变过程中微结构变化规律。研究结果表明：在文中所受荷载条件长期作用下,颗粒与孔隙定向性明显;平均孔径及平均孔隙体积呈逐渐减小趋势;结构性原状土比表面积逐渐增大,重塑土则呈减小趋势;结构性原状土颗粒与孔隙分数维呈减小趋势,但重塑土呈相反趋势。 相似文献
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天津滨海新区吹填土为高黏粒含量细粒土,具有孔隙比大、压缩性高、强度低等特点。虽然成土时间短,但具有一定的结构性。土体微观结构决定土体的力学性质,在工程实际中,经过固结处理后的吹填土在安全运营阶段由于上部荷载的持续作用,结构性也会发生变化。为了研究此过程中微结构演化特征,本文试验土样为天津滨海新区重塑土,将其进行先期固结与后期不排水蠕变试验,模拟固结排水地基处理后吹填土安全运营过程,并在此过程中取样进行微结构制样及电镜扫描,定量化分析微观参数的演化规律。试验结果表明:经过固结排水后的吹填软土在持续荷载作用下,土中颗粒和孔隙数量都呈减少趋势,颗粒等效直径、形态比都增大,孔隙等效直径、形态比则呈相反趋势,且在蠕变初期这些变化较为明显,后期变化逐渐趋于平稳。前期固结时间越长,蠕变开始时结构性参数体现出土体结构性越强,固结过程中偏压和固结时间对土体结构性的影响一致。 相似文献
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固结条件与荷载条件对吹填土的力学特性具有明显的影响,且土的微观结构特征是决定其宏观力学性质的本质因素,为了研究吹填软土力学特性在不同固结条件和荷载条件下的变化规律及与微结构参数的关联性,对天津滨海新区重塑吹填软土进行不同初始固结条件与荷载效应综合作用下的蠕变试验和微观结构测试,研究此条件下吹填土力学特性的变化规律,并通过灰色关联度理论建立宏观力学参数与微结构参数之间的关联性。试验结果表明:稳定性蠕变对吹填软土强度的增长起到积极作用,有偏压固结较无偏压固结强度增长更快,且初始固结越充分,强度增长越快;随蠕变时间的增加,颗粒的等效直径、形态比和圆度呈增大的趋势,而颗粒和孔隙的数量与周长、孔隙的等效直径、形态比和圆度则呈减小的趋势;抗剪强度指标C,φ值随颗粒等效直径、形态比和圆度的增大而增大,但随颗粒和孔隙的数量与周长、孔隙的等效直径、形态比和圆度的增大而减小。关联度分析表明,颗粒（孔隙）等效直径和圆度是影响吹填土力学性质演化的重要微结构参数,固结与蠕变越充分,土体微结构参数调整越稳定,强度越高。 相似文献
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首先进行了吹填泥浆沉降柱试验,取得了未经真空预压处理的吹填土土样,并在天津滨海新区临港工业区真空预压处理后吹填场地上获取原状土样。其次,对所取土样进行了微观试验土样制作和电镜扫描,获取了未处理和经过真空预压处理土样的SEM照片,最后运用微结构处理软件,对其微结构进行定量化分析,研究了真空预压过程中吹填土的微结构变化规律。结果显示,经过真空预压作用,颗粒和孔隙等效直径、面积、周长、形态比和圆度明显减小,颗粒和孔隙数量明显增大,其原因是在真空预压处理过程中,吹填土的原始结构被破坏,进而形成了新的结构。 相似文献
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结构性吹填土压缩变形微观机理试验 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
吹填土是一种人造土,具有大孔隙比、压缩性强、低强度等特点,其微观结构对土的力学性质有很大的影响,是一种强结构性土。通过分析不同轴向应力下压缩土样的微观SEM照片,探讨了孔隙微结构参数与轴向应力之间的关系,得出在吹填土压缩变形过程中存在屈服应力。在所受应力大于和小于屈服应力时,吹填土的压缩性存在差异,其微观表现为微结构参数在压缩过程中产生了突变,其根源是在压缩变形过程中,吹填土的微观结构产生了破坏。简要分析了结构性吹填土压缩变形微观机理。结果表明,吹填土的压缩过程分为孔隙中气体的压缩与水份的运移、团粒的相对滑移和结构破坏与新结构形成3个阶段。 相似文献
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《岩土力学》2016,(1):210-218
在颗粒流方法 PFC~(3D)的基础上发展了颗粒-流体耦合模型。在耦合模型中引入了孔隙度,其可考虑孔隙结构的可变性,并开发了可以考虑孔隙水压力和孔隙结构变化的颗粒-流体耦合计算程序。在此基础上模拟了饱和土的不排水剪切试验,与北京黏质粉土的试验数据及常体积模拟方法进行了对比。结果表明:采用颗粒-流体耦合方法计算得到的结果和常体积法计算结果与北京黏质粉土的试验结果相比均是一致的,验证了耦合算法的可靠性;分析比较了相同计算条件下耦合方法和常体积法计算得到的偏应力及径向应变曲线,研究了不同围压下试样的不排水剪切特性。颗粒-流体耦合计算结果表明:饱和土不排水剪切过程随着围压升高,孔隙水压力和偏应力均升高,而应力比曲线变得平滑,应力比有所降低。 相似文献
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土体的结构性对土的工程力学性质具有决定性的影响。本文以天津滨海吹填软土为土质材料,进行了蠕变作用下土体结构屈服应力形成试验及相应的微观结构分析。试验结果表明:蠕变对土体结构性的影响是一个综合作用的过程,其中排水条件最为关键,在此基础上,围压及偏压都对土体结构屈服应力的增长起作用,并随时间的增长而增长。反之,土体的结构屈服应力变化不大。微观结构分析表明,小偏应力蠕变作用下结构屈服应力的形成实质是其微观结构逐渐稳定的过程。 相似文献
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结构性吹填土剪切破坏的微结构效应 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
室内压缩试验、剪切试验和灵敏度试验分析表明吹填土的微观结构对其力学性质有很大的影响,是一种强结构性土。通过对剪切试验过程土样微观SEM照片进行微结构定量分析,探讨了孔隙和结构单元体微结构参数与轴向应变之间的关系。最后,对结构性吹填土剪切破坏的微结构效应进行了简要分析。结果表明,吹填土的剪切过程经历了孔隙气体压缩-水分运移、团粒散裂-颗粒滑移明显-结构破坏和新结构形成三个阶段。 相似文献
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波浪荷载作用下饱和粉土反正弦孔压拟合参数影响因素分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为探寻波浪荷载作用下饱和粉土振动孔隙水压力发展规律,试验选用近海地区广泛分布的粉土为研究对象,在不同的相对密实度、偏应力比及振动频率下,利用空心圆柱仪进行了一系列模拟波浪荷载的循环三轴-扭剪耦合试验,探讨饱和粉土在不排水条件下的孔压增长规律。试验结果表明,归一化后的振动孔隙水压力比与振次比之间的关系可以用反正弦三角函数来拟合。通过对不同相对密实度、偏应力比及振动频率下归一化孔压发展曲线的分析可知,随着偏应力比的增大,拟合参数θ呈线性趋势减小,随着相对密实度的增大,θ呈线性趋势增加,振动频率的变化对拟合参数θ影响不大。 相似文献
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Guboglo M. N. 《GeoJournal》1980,4(1):53-58
International unity is becoming ever stronger in this country owing to an increasing similarity in the development of the cultural environment. This comprises the provision of all the country's republics with a sufficient number of schools, theatres, and other institutions and cultural information media in accordance with the needs of the population. An important part is played by the rise in ‘the general educational level, as well as the level of professional qualifications and skills. Among all the Soviet nations and nationalities, this rise being more rapid among formerly backward peoples. Prominent among the factors of internationalization is the progressive development of the nationalities’ cultural resources, while professional culture is being increasingly brought within the reach of the masses.The implementation of the nationalities policy promotes the all-round development of all Soviet nations and nationalities, their drawing together, the upsurge of the individual capabilities of every Soviet citizen. 相似文献
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Jiayu Rong Michael Melchin S. Henry Williams Tatyana N. Koren Jacques Verniers 《《幕》》2008,31(3):315-318
The Global Stratotype Section and Point （GSSP） for the base of the Silurian System was defined in 1985. Since that time, a number of researchers have suggested that this section has serious deficiencies for use as a GSSP. As a result, in 2000, the Subcommission on Silurian Stratigraphy （SSS） proposed undertaking a formal restu@ of this GSSP, which was subsequently approved by the International Commission of Stratigraphy （ICS）. The result of this restudy was the formal proposal that the current GSSP, at 1.6 m above the base of the Birkhill Shale, at Dob＇s Linn, Scotland, should be maintained as the same locality and stratigraphic level, but the bios- tratigraphical definition of the boundary should be revised. The previously defined, basal Silurian grapto- lite zone, the Parakidograptus acuminatus Zone, should be subdivided into a lower Akidograptus ascensus Zone and a higher E acuminatus Zone. The base of the A. ascensus Zone, marked by the first appearance of A. ascensus, should be regarded as the biostratigraphic mark for the base of the Silurian. This proposal has now been formally approved by the SSS and ICS, and ratified by International Union of Geological Sciences. This is the first GSSP to undergo formal restudy and redefini- tion, and the proposal also included a recommended procedure for restudy of GSSPs. 相似文献
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Deviation of the major axis of the inertia ellipsoid of the Moon from the direction toward the Earth
B. P. Kondratyev 《Astronomy Reports》2017,61(8):709-714
It is known from observations that the center of mass of the Moon does not coincide with the geometric center of its figure, and the line connecting these two centers is not aligned with the direction toward the center of the Earth, instead deviating toward the Southeast. This stationary deviation of the axis of the inertia ellipsoid of the Moon to the South of the direction toward the Earth is analyzed. A system of five linear differential equations describing the physical libration of the Moon in latitude is considered, and these equations are derived using a new vector method taking into account perturbations from the Earth and partly from the Sun. The characteristic equation of this system is obtained, and all five oscillation frequencies are found. Special attention is paid to the fifth (zero) frequency, for which the solution of the latitude libration equations are stationary and represents a previously unknown additional motion of the rotational axis of theMoon in a cone with a small opening angle. In contrast to the astronomical precession of the Earth, the rotation of the angular-velocity vector is in the positive direction (counter-clockwise), with the period T 3 = 27.32 days. On this basis, this phenomenon has been named “quasi-precession.” This quasi-precession leads to a stationary inclination of the major axis of the inertia ellipsoid of theMoon to the South (for an observer on Earth), making it possible to explain one component of the observed deviation of the center of mass of the Moon from the direction toward the Earth. The opening angle of the quasiprecession cone is approximately 0.834″. 相似文献
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东濮凹陷北部沙三中亚段广泛发育盐岩和烃源岩,这两个看似不能共存的物质却在这里互层共生。该时期研究区沉积特征为多盐韵律与多层烃源岩互层共生、连续沉积,单个盐韵律厚度从几米到十几米,烃源岩有机质丰度高、类型好。平面上,两者在湖盆沉积沉降中心共生;垂向上,高有机质丰度、好干酪根类型与高盐度地层具有较好的对应关系。因而成为恢复古气候和古环境的重要研究对象。通过岩石学、古生物学以及Sr/Ba、B/Ga、(V+Ni+Mn)、Fe/Mn、Sr/Cu、Mg/Ca、V/(V+Ni)、稀土元素含量和氯同位素等方法对凹陷北部沙三中亚段的沉积环境进行研究。结果表明,凹陷北部沙三中亚段为深水沉积的还原环境,古盐度较高,达到半咸水-咸水沉积;微量元素和孢粉化石特征表明研究区沙三中亚段为温暖潮湿的环境。 相似文献
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Important tendencies in development of the world mineral-resources sector at the beginning of the 21st century were an increase in production and consumption of mineral materials differentiated by types of metals and nonmetallic mineral raw materials, by countries and regions, as well as the concentration of the production of mineral raw materials in a small number of countries, and a reduction in industrial reserves of minerals in the world economy, even at the current stage of their extraction. These tendencies should be taken into account in working out a strategy for development of the Russian mineral raw-material base. 相似文献
16.
Fouad N. Ibrahim Dr. 《GeoJournal》1988,17(1):133-141
Taking the example of W Sudan, an analysis of the climatic incidents leading to the two recent famine disasters is made. On this natural background, the human side is investigated. Focus is directed towards the fragile economic structure of the famine-prone population groups. An early-warning system for famine in the Sahelian Zone is proposed taking grain production and storage, livestock development and the relationship between the prices of livestock and grain as major indicators. 相似文献
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郯庐断裂南段研究进展与断裂性质讨论 总被引：13，自引：3，他引：13
据1：5万区域地质调查和专题研究资料，就郯庐断裂带是否南延与消失的原因，其与大别—苏鲁造山带交截形成的假位错效应，以及与中新生代沉积盆地形成演化的关系等作了新的阐述。在此基础上，讨论了郯庐断裂带是否为巨大的左行平移断层或转换断层。认为郯庐断裂带可能是在“古郯庐带”的基础上于早侏罗世重新活动、白垩纪强烈活动的地堑型枢纽断裂带。 相似文献
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The Importance of the Precipitation and the Susceptibility of the Slopes for the Triggering of Landslides Along the Roads 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
Clemente Irigaray Francisco Lamas Rachid El Hamdouni Tomás Fernández José Chacón 《Natural Hazards》2000,21(1):65-81
In order to characterise the influence of the heavyrains on the observed landslides during the 1996–1997hydrological cycle, rainfall records for the last 100years are analysed from 104 stations in easternAndalusia. Regarding the amounts of rain recordedbetween October 1996 and March 1997 in the 104stations studied, 31 presented new all-time records;15 presented values that were 80–100% of thepre-1995 record; 49 stations, 80–50%; and 9stations, < 50%. A map has been devised of thesusceptibility of the materials through which thesouth-eastern Andalusian road network crosses,together with an inventory of the damage caused byinstability phenomena on banks and cuttings of theroad network during the winter of 1996–1997. Therelationships between the rainfall during the studyperiod, the damage caused to the road network and thesusceptibility of the materials affected are analysed.The results indicate that there is a clearcorrespondence between the rainfall recorded and thesusceptibility of the materials with the inventorieddamage. It is concluded that the widespread seriousdamage caused in early 1997 to the roads andsurrounding areas in the Alpujarra region and thecoast of the Province of Granada was mainly caused bythe extraordinarily heavy rains. However, considerablyless damage was observed where the susceptibility ofthe terrain is low, thus highlighting the extremeusefulness of terrain-susceptibility maps for riskprevention and territorial planning. 相似文献