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1.
准噶尔盆地玛湖凹陷百口泉组典型微相砾石定向性定量研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
砾石定向性可用于辅助判断粗粒沉积物沉积环境的介质性质与强度。在岩芯图像分析与测量的基础上,运用砾石长轴相对视倾角玫瑰花图中任意相邻三个小扇形的半径之和的最大值（参数a）和小扇形半径大小偏离程度（参数σ）,对玛湖地区百口泉组152种典型砾岩岩石相以及四种典型微相中的砾石定向性进行定量研究,结果表明:玛湖地区百口泉组不同岩石相中砾石定向性存在一定的差异,但是总的来说岩石相中包含交错层理属性、平行层理属性、小中砾岩属性的,砾石定向性比较好,定向性参数比较大;四种典型微相中,辫状河道沉积、水下分流河道沉积、河口沙坝沉积中砾石定向性变化在垂向上都有一定的旋回性,而泥石流沉积中砾石定向性变化在垂向上的旋回性不是很明显;四种典型沉积微相中砾石定向性参数大小也存在一定的差别。定向性由差到好依次是泥石流微相（σ最大值为6.61、最小值为3.00、平均值为4.03,a最大值为52.94%、最小值为22.95%、平均值为32.87%）、辫状河道微相（σ最大值为8.91、最小值为3.11、平均值为5.31,a最大值为65.79%、最小值为25.93%、平均值为341.41%）、水下分流河道（σ最大值为7.22、最小值为2.96、平均值为5.11;a最大值为55.71%、最小值为25.93%、平均值为38.76%）、河口沙坝微相（σ最大值为10.34、最小值为3.65、平均值为5.54;a最大值为83.02%、最小值为32.35%、平均值为44.42%）。 相似文献
2.
Hong-Key Yoon Dr. 《GeoJournal》1991,25(4):387-392
Geomentality is an established and lasting frame (state) of mind regarding the environment. It is necessarily translated into
a geographical behavioral pattern and is reflected in a pattern of cultural landscape. An individual or a group of people
can hold a geomentality about a particular environment. What an architect's plan is to a building, a geomentality is to a
pattern of cultural landscape. Geomentality is ultimately responsible for the development of a cultural landscape pattern.
Determining a geomentality is therefore the key in explaining a pattern of cultural landscape more profoundly than is possible
by some conventional methods. 相似文献
3.
本文以贵州荔波董歌洞3号石笋第6、1次和4号石笋第2次主要沉积间断为例,说明依序发生于89.96kaBP、128.65kaBP、113.40kaBP,结束于0.32kaBP、128.21kaBP、65.50kaBP,延续时间89.65ka、0.44ka、47.90ka的沉积间断,具多级次的地质、气候演变属性,沉积间断时间长,显示度明显,气候事件复杂,间断频发,必有更丰富的气候、环境、地质内涵。贵州都匀凯酉七星洞2号石笋Q2F1、Q2F2,5号石笋Q5F3是碰断面,依序发生于74.24kaBP、60.72kaBP、36.80kaBP,彼此相间隔13.52ka、23.92ka,断面及其上、下石笋段的沉积特征,属突变(灾害)性事件,也有其古气候环境意义。系列事件的测年,须在系统测年基础上,于间断、碰断面上下加密测试,及石笋沉积特征的综合观测,以提高事件测年和定性的可信度,增加古气候环境信息量。 相似文献
4.
本文用有限差分法模拟研究二维空间中波的传播、散射及其与介质间断的相互作用。文章第一部分运用所模拟的纵波波源讨论了半无限空间表面台阶地形或槽形裂隙所造成的波的散射。这些间断可模拟具有波长量级的悬崖或狭谷。第二部分用差分法与扰动法结合而成的混合法处理半无限空间表面有另一种物质构成的表面浅障碍时波的传播,以模拟山脊、堑沟等地形的影响。此混合法也被用于讨论半无限空间内含有水平夹层或孔隙的问题。所得研究结果对波的传播及其与介质间断的相互作用的理论研究和地震波破坏效应的分析和隔离等应用研究有一定的意义。 相似文献
5.
依据松辽盆地西南部新站地区嫩江组三段孢粉和藻类化石百分含量纵向变化特征,自下而上划分7个能识别水体盐度变化的孢粉和藻类组合：Cyathidites Pinuspollenites Dinogymniopsis组合,指示缩小的微咸水湖相沉积环境;Dinogymniopsis Leiosphaeridia Pinuspollenites组合,代表水域扩大的微咸水湖相沉积环境;Cicatricosisporites Pinuspollenites Botryococcus组合,代表水域缩小的淡水-微咸水湖相沉积环境;Dinogymniopsis Chlamydophorella Taxodiaceaepollenites组合,反映淡水与微咸水频繁交互变化的浅湖相沉积环境;Cicatricosisporites Pinuspollenites Pediastrum组合,代表水域缩小的淡水湖相沉积环境;Nenjiangella Balmula Cyathidites组合,代表水域范围较大的淡水湖相沉积环境;Cyathidites Trilobosporites Botryococcus组合,指示水域缩小的微咸水湖相沉积环境。 相似文献
6.
N. L. Dobretsov A. A. Kirdyashkin A. G. Kirdyashkin I. N. Gladkov N. V. Surkov 《Petrology》2006,14(5):477-491
Thermochemical plumes develop at the core-mantle boundary in the presence of a heat flow from the outer core and at local chemical doping that decreases the melting temperature near the bottom of the lower mantle (this dope triggers the melting of the mantle material and the ascent of the plume). The paper presents evaluations for the heat power of the Hawaiian and Iceland plumes and the results of the experimental modeling of a thermochemical plume. The diameter of a plume conduit was determined to remain virtually unchanging in the course of plume ascent. When the top of a plume reaches a “refractory” layer, whose melting temperature is higher than the melt temperature in the plume conduit, a mushroom-shaped head of the plume develops beneath the bottom of this layer. The analysis of geological and geophysical data and the results of experimental modeling are used to develop a thermal physical model for a thermochemical plume. The balance relations for the mass and thermal energy and systematic tendencies in the heat and mass transfer during free convection were utilized to derive a system of equations for the heat and mass transfer of a thermochemical plume. Parameters were determined for a thermochemical plume ascending from the core-mantle boundary. Geodynamic processes are considered that occur during the ascent of a plume before it reaches the surface. The effect of the P-T conditions on the shape and size of a plume roof is analyzed, and a model is proposed for mass transfer between a thermochemical plume and the lithosphere, when the plume reaches the bottom of a “refractory” layer in the lithosphere. 相似文献
7.
Statistical aspects of estimating net fluxes of nutrients between a salt marsh and a tidal creek on a tidal cycle basis and an annual basis are explored. For individual tidal cycles, the instantaneous flux of a nutrient is written in a constrained linear model as a function of time. The model is rewritten as an unconstrained model, and net flux is shown to be a linear combination of the parameters of the model. Standard linear models techniques can be used to make inferences about net fluxes on a tidal cycle basis. Considering a year as a finite population of tidal cycles, annual net flux can be estimated using a regression estimator. In the case of the flux of dissolved nitrite plus nitrate, the marsh was found to be a statistically significant sink for nitrogen (in this form) from adjacent tidal creeks. 相似文献
8.
9.
Priti Maheshwari P. K. Basudhar S. Chandra 《Geotechnical and Geological Engineering》2006,24(2):313-324
The paper describes a mechanical model for estimating the flexural response of a strip footing, supporting a column (imposing
a concentrated load), resting on a compacted granular bed overlying a reinforcement layer for example, geogrids, geomats etc.
below which lies a loose soil deposit. The footing is idealized as a beam and the reinforcing element is assumed to have finite
bending stiffness and negligible frictional resistance. The upper and lower soil layers are idealized by a series of linear
and discrete springs (Winkler springs) of different stiffness values. To find the response of such a model the governing differential
equations have been derived and expressed in a nondimensional form. A closed form analytical solution of the same has been
obtained subjected to appropriate boundary conditions. Using the present approach the resulting solution for a degenerated
case of a long beam is found to be identical to the same of Hetenyi (1946, Beams on elastic foundations, University of Michigan
press, Ann Arbor, MI). Parametric studies reveal that the ratio of flexural rigidity of upper and lower beam and the ratio
of stiffness of the upper and lower soil layers affect significantly the response of the foundation. 相似文献
10.
Listric versus planar normal fault geometry: an example from the Eisenstadt-Sopron Basin (E Austria) 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Darko Spahić Ulrike Exner Michael Behm Bernhard Grasemann Alexander Haring Herbert Pretsch 《International Journal of Earth Sciences》2011,100(7):1685-1695
In a gravel pit at the eastern margin of the Eisenstadt-Sopron Basin, a satellite of Vienna Basin (Austria), Neogene sediments
are exposed in the hanging wall of a major normal fault. The anticlinal structure and associated conjugated secondary normal
faults were previously interpreted as a rollover anticline above a listric normal fault. The spatial orientation and distribution
of sedimentary horizons and crosscutting faults were mapped in detail on a laser scan of the outcrop wall. Subsequently, in
order to assess the 3D distribution and geometry of this fault system, a series of parallel ground penetrating radar (GPR)
profiles were recorded behind the outcrop wall. Both outcrop and GPR data were compiled in a 3D structural model, providing
the basis for a kinematic reconstruction of the fault plane using balanced cross-section techniques. However, the kinematic
reconstruction results in a geologically meaningless normal fault cutting down- and up-section. Additionally, no evidence
for a weak layer serving as ductile detachment horizon (i.e. salt or clay horizon) can be identified in stratigraphic profiles.
Instead, the observed deflection of stratigraphic horizons may be caused by a displacement gradient along a planar master
fault, with a maximum displacement in the fault centre, decreasing towards the fault tips. Accordingly, the observed deflection
of markers in the hanging wall—and in a nearby location in the footwall of the normal fault—is interpreted as large-scale
fault drag along a planar fault that records a displacement gradient, instead of a rollover anticline related to a listric
fault. 相似文献
11.
A mechanical model for plate deformation associated with aseismic ridge subduction in the new hebrides arc 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Tectonic features associated with a subducting fracture zone-aseismic ridge system in the New Hebrides island arc are investigated. Several notable features including a discontinuity of the trench, peculiar locations of two major islands (Santo and Malekula), regional uplift, and the formation of a basin are interpreted as a result of the subduction of a buoyant ridge system. The islands of Santo and Malekula are probably formed from an uplifted mid-slope basement high while the interarc basin of this particular arc is probably a subsiding basin instead of a basin formed by backarc opening. The situation can be modeled by using a thin elastic half plate overlying a quarter fluid space with a vertical upward loading applied at the plate edge. This model is consistent with topographic and geophysical data. This study suggests that subduction of aseismic ridges can have significant effects on tectonic features at consuming plate boundaries. 相似文献
12.
E. Yu. Bannikova A. V. Karnaushenko V. M. Kontorovich V. M. Shulga 《Astronomy Reports》2012,56(7):496-503
An analytical solution of the Kompaneets equation is found for a medium whose density varies according to a hyperbolic tangent law, from a more diffuse (interstellar) medium to a denser medium (a cloud). The law of motion of the leading points of the shock front is discussed. Intermediate asymptotics describing the acceleration and change of the shape of the shock front are analyzed in detail. The obtained solution can be used to investigate analytically the evolution of the shock-front shape at a boundary with a molecular cloud. 相似文献
13.
Haiying Zhang Alexander Chudnovsky George Wong John W. Dudley 《Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering》2013,46(3):499-514
Rocks and other geomaterials are heterogeneous materials, with a well-recognized hierarchy of defects from micro-heterogeneities on the grain level to a large-scale network of cracks and layering structures. Their nature create a challenge for determining macroscopic properties, particularly for properties that are scale dependent, complicating both the property measurement and its appropriate application in modeling. This paper discusses the concept of a “representative volume”, which is commonly used in modeling microheterogeneous but statistically homogeneous material by an effective homogeneous continuum. The foundation of this concept is presented, along with its limitations in dealing with properties like strength and fracture toughness that exhibit a scale effect. This limitation is illustrated with a study of brittle fracture of a concrete where it is considered a model for statistically homogeneous rock. The study includes determining a scaling rule for the scale effect in fracture toughness, and shows that the fracture of brittle materials like rocks and concrete appears in the form of highly tortuous, stochastic paths. This reflects a complex interaction between a crack and pre-existing as well as newly formed micro-defects controlled by chance, and results in a large scatter of all fracture-related parameters. This behavior suggests a synthesis of fracture mechanics with probability and statistics, and so a brief exposition of statistical fracture mechanics (SFM) that addresses the statistical aspects of fracture is also presented. SFM is a formalism that combines fracture mechanics methods with probability theory and serves as the basis for an adequate modeling of brittle fracture. 相似文献
14.
Xavier Raynaud Knut-Andreas Lie Halvor Møll Nilsen Atgeirr Rasmussen 《Computational Geosciences》2016,20(3):495-507
Polymer injection is a widespread strategy in enhanced oil recovery. Polymer increases the water viscosity and creates a more favorable mobility ratio between the injected water and the displaced oil. The computational cost of simulating polymer injection can be significantly reduced if one splits the governing system of two-phase equations into a pressure equation and a set of saturation/component equations and use a Gauss–Seidel algorithm with optimal cell ordering to solve the nonlinear systems arising from an implicit discretization of the saturation/component equations. This approach relies on a robust single-cell solver that computes the saturation and polymer concentration of a cell, given the total flux and the saturation and polymer concentration of the neighboring cells. In this paper, we consider a relatively comprehensive polymer model used in an industry-standard simulator, and show that, in the case of a discretization using a two-point flux approximation, the single-cell problem always admits a solution that is also unique. 相似文献
15.
We consider microlensing of stars by a spacetime tunnel (wormhole), which is manifest as a gravitational lens with negative mass and a circular caustic in the source plane. If a source with a small angular size does not cross the circular caustic, it is impossible to discriminate between gravitational lenses with positive and negative mass. Even for comparatively large stellar angular diameters, differences from a Schwarzschild lensing curve are on the order of the observational errors. When the angular size of a star is comparable to the radius of the Einstein cone, for a sufficiently large impact parameter, the shape of the observed light curves can be similar to that due to microlensing of a compact object surrounded by an extended gaseous envelope. Such an object can be easily distinguished from a negative-mass gravitational lens via analysis of chromatic and polarization effects of the lensing. 相似文献
16.
Sergey A. Arsen’yev 《地学前缘(英文版)》2011,2(2):215-221
Recent advances in modeling of tornadoes and twisters consist of significant achievements in mathematical calculation of occurrence and evolution of a violent F5-class tornado on the Fujita scale, and four-dimensional mathematical modeling of a tornado with the fourth coordinate time multiplied by its characteristic velocity.Such a tornado can arise in a thunderstorm supercell filled with turbulent whirlwinds.A theory of the squall storms is proposed.The squall storm is modeled by running perturbation of... 相似文献
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18.
《Geodinamica Acta》2013,26(6):363-373
The Late Oligocene-Middle Miocene Mallorca fold-and-thrust belt is characterised by a large amount of shortening above a detachment horizon. A regional section of 50 km in length across the island shows shortening of 80 km. Nevertheless, earlier normal faults play a significant role in compressive deformation. Two examples illustrating their role are presented: the first example is a fault-propagation-fold nucleated on a normal fault located in the fold core. We present a simple numerical model of this structure that illustrates how the observed complex structural and stratigraphic geometries might develop. The second example is a normal fault that interrupts the detachment level, giving rise to a step that results in a back-thrust system. 相似文献
19.
B. P. Harlamov 《Mathematical Geology》2003,35(4):431-449
Zones of increased concentration formed by a solvent flowing from a source are considered. A matehmatical model for forming such zones is proposed. It takes into account that such a zone is composed of a set of independent particles. Hence the distribution of a substance around the source can be explained by movement of an individual particle. In the model this movement is a continuous semi-Markov process with terminal stopping at some random point in space. Parameters of the process depend on the velocity field of the flow. Forward and backward partial differential equations for the distribution density of a random stopping point of the process are derived. The forward equation is investigated for the centrally symmetric case. Solutions of the equation demonstrate either a maximum or a local minimum at the source location. In the latter case a concentric ring around the source is formed. If different substances vary in their absorption rates, they can form separable concentration zones as a family of concentric rings. 相似文献