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1.
1∶25万地质填图进一步揭开了青藏高原大地构造的神秘面纱 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：3
1∶25万地质填图进一步揭开了青藏高原地区大地构造的奥秘:阿尔金山是昆仑、祁连-秦岭造山系的一部分;阿尔金断裂确是一条大型转换断层;木孜塔格-玛沁缝合带和金沙江缝合带均是华力西缝合带;松潘甘孜三叠系沉积盆地是劳亚大陆南部边缘的浊积岩盆地;冈底斯带曾经历了重要的印支造山运动;不存在从古生代延续到三叠纪的大洋盆地,即不存在所谓古特提斯或永久特提斯;古生代时期,在青藏高原地区亦不存在具古生物、古地理分隔意义的大洋盆地,当时,包括中朝、扬子、塔里木以及青藏高原地区在内的中国大部分均位于古亚洲洋主洋盆———中亚-蒙古带之南,属冈瓦纳大陆结构复杂的北部边缘;雅鲁藏布江和班公湖-怒江带是特提斯洋中的孪生姊妹,它们均是从三叠纪起就发展成大洋裂谷带的;以雅鲁藏布江带为主洋盆带的特提斯洋,从三叠纪晚期开始消减,经历了印支、燕山、喜马拉雅3个阶段脉动式板块汇聚造山过程。 相似文献
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笔者根据国内外研究进展和区域地质对比,将特提斯中西段的古生代构造域划分为Iapetus-Tornquist洋加里东造山带、Rheic洋华力西期造山带、乌拉尔-天山中亚造山带和古特提斯Pontides-高加索-Mashhad造山带,并提出4个初步认识：（1） Rodinia超大陆在新元古代裂解形成的原特提斯大洋在欧洲以Iapetus和Tornquist缝合带为代表,它们在约420 Ma闭合形成加里东造山带,与我国秦祁昆造山系相似;（2） Rheic洋类似于特提斯东段的龙木错-双湖-昌宁-孟连洋,为古生代的特提斯主大洋,而泥盆纪形成的古特提斯洋实际上为主洋盆衍生的分支洋盆之一,Rheic洋的各分支洋盆在320~310 Ma闭合,形成华力西造山带和Pangea超大陆;（3）南阿尔卑斯Plankogel带、土耳其北部Pontides带和伊朗北部Rasht-Mashhad为古特提斯缝合带,代表泥盆纪—二叠纪的洋盆,晚石炭世—早三叠世丝绸之路岩浆弧与我国羌塘中部的望果山火山弧相对应;（4）特提斯中西段的基梅里造山带和羌塘中部的印支期造山带为古特提斯增生型造山带的典型代表。 相似文献
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滇西泥盆纪——三叠纪盆—山转换过程与特提斯构造演化 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
滇西地区以昌宁－连缝合带为古特提斯主洋闭合的位置。晚古生代－中生代时期古特提斯经历了一次盆转山和山控盆演变序列的全过程，可大致划分为4个发展阶段：（1）洋盆扩张阶段（D－C2）。古特提斯洋西侧的保山地块属冈瓦纳古陆的东缘，为非火山型被动大陆边缘；东侧的思茅地块属扬子地块的西缘部分，为火山型被动大陆边缘。（2）洋－陆汇阶段（C3－P2）。昌宁－孟连洋向东俯冲消减，思茅地区转化为弧后扩张盆地；墨江一带形成弧后扩张洋盆，思茅地块从扬子西缘分离。（3）弧－陆碰撞阶段（T1－T3），古特提斯主洋及分支洋盆相继关闭，全区发生大规模的造山升隆，前期的盆转山过程转入山控盆阶段，在哀牢山两侧分别形成了受造山作用控制的兰坪－思茅弧后前陆盆地和楚雄周缘前陆盆地。（4）陆－陆碰撞阶段（J1－K），滇西前陆盆地向陆内拗陷盆地转变，造山带的控盆作用结束。 相似文献
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本文通过综述近年西特提斯带主要缝合带的研究进展及所代表洋盆的发育特征,提出了古特提斯缝合带可能的位置和俯冲消亡方式。结合区域资料探讨了西特提斯带古生代末—中生代洋陆构造格局,认为东、西古特提斯洋完全可以类比,自晚古生代末西特提斯带主要受古特提斯大洋双向俯冲制约,在俯冲带后缘以二叠纪裂谷带为基础逐渐发展成中生代多岛弧盆系的新特提斯构造格局,西特提斯造山系主要表现为弧后洋盆消减造山作用。 相似文献
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青藏高原北部被认为是原特提斯洋闭合所形成的早古生代造山系，其中原特提斯洋演化的物质记录主要分布在东昆仑北部、西昆仑北部、阿尔金、祁连、柴北缘等，以出露典型的新元古代晚期-早古生代蛇绿岩、弧岩浆岩、俯冲增生杂岩、高压-超高压变质带等地质体为特征，并夹有前寒武纪微大陆块体。通过近20余年的研究，青藏高原北部早古生代造山系的研究取得了一些重要进展和基本共识，认为其经历了从原特提斯洋的开启、大洋俯冲增生、闭合到大陆俯冲碰撞造山的过程。然而，随着研究的不断深入，一些新的科学问题不断涌现，有的问题显得更加突出。本文通过横穿青藏高原东北部祁连-柴北缘造山带的两条地质廊带的解剖，对与原特提洋演化有关的岩石构造单元进行了重新划分；结合一些新发表的研究资料，梳理出青藏高原北部原特提斯造山系的研究新进展，并探讨了几个关键科学问题：(1)青藏高原北部与原特提斯洋演化有关的缝合带有几条?相关的问题是有几个原特提斯分支洋盆?(2)原特提斯洋的俯冲极性如何?单一向北、单一向南还是双向俯冲?(3)原特提斯洋中微陆块的性质和起源如何?虽然多数学者认为这些块体起源于冈瓦纳大陆，但何时从冈瓦纳大陆分离仍有很大争议，起源于冈... 相似文献
6.
中国青藏高原特提斯的形成与演化 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
青藏高原的形成是特提斯演化的结果。本文根据区域大地构造演化和沉积学证据,将青藏高原特提斯在时间上划分为3个阶段,即早期、中期和晚期。早期从震旦纪开始至奥陶—志留纪结束,这个阶段的大洋我们称作"原特提斯"。中期从泥盆纪开始至石炭—二叠纪结束,通常称这个大洋为"古特提斯"。晚期从二叠纪末、三叠纪初开始一直延续到第三纪早期,这个阶段的大洋通常被称作"新特提斯"。在空间上,青藏高原特提斯可以划分为3个区域相,即北区、中区和南区。上述3个阶段完全可以与空间上的3个区域相对应,原特提斯主要发育于北区,大洋消亡后的遗迹残留在青藏高原第5缝合带中,即西昆仑—阿尔金—北祁连缝合带。古特提斯主要发育于中区,大洋消亡后的遗迹残留在青藏高原第3、4缝合带中,即金沙江缝合带和昆仑南缘缝合带。新特提斯主要发育于南区,大洋主洋盆消亡后的遗迹残留在青藏高原第1缝合带中,即雅鲁藏布江缝合带,它的弧后盆地消亡后的遗迹残留在第2缝合带中,即班公湖—怒江缝合带。 相似文献
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遵循刘宝珺院士提出的“构造控盆、盆地控相”指导思想，在系统厘定地层格架和构造单元划分基础上，确定青藏高原巨型造山带晚三叠世构造-古地理从北往南依次发育：羌塘-三江多岛海、班公湖-双湖-怒江洋、冈底斯-喜马拉雅多岛海和若干次级构造-古地理单元。班公湖-双湖-怒江洋是分隔冈瓦纳大陆和欧亚大陆的特提斯大洋，南羌塘地块是漂浮在特提斯大洋中的块体。本次重点对北羌塘前陆盆地和北喜马拉雅被动大陆边缘盆地的沉积相带展布和古地理进行了研究。造成两个盆地沉积序列及古气候差别的主要因素是构造地质事件。构造事件决定了盆地性质，盆地性质又控制了沉积相带的空间展布。北喜马拉雅盆地位于冈瓦纳构造域，晚三叠世盆地基底南浅北深，继承了古生代构造离散型被动大陆边缘沉积，印支造山作用不发育；北羌塘盆地位于泛华夏构造域，晚三叠世发育印支挤压造山作用及其前陆盆地沉积记录。盆地分析研究表明，北羌塘南部江爱达日那和热觉茶卡等地下三叠统康鲁组底部均发现灰紫色中厚层复成分砾岩、含砾粗砂岩、细砂岩组成向上变细的海侵型地层结构，沉积相为滨岸三角洲；上三叠统土门格拉群沉积相为含煤盆地边缘三角洲。从沉积相展布型式和北东向古水流方向分析，三叠纪北羌塘沉积盆地的物源主要来自羌塘中部双湖造山剥蚀区或“中央隆起带”。 相似文献
8.
藏北羌塘中部果干加年山早古生代堆晶辉长岩的锆石SHRIMP U-Pb年龄——兼论原-古特提斯洋的演化 总被引：13，自引：6，他引：7
位于羌塘中部龙木错-双湖缝合带中的果干加年山早古生代堆晶岩,主要由辉石橄榄岩、堆晶辉石岩、堆晶辉长岩、斜长岩等岩石类型组成.对堆晶辉长岩中锆石的矿物学与年代学研究表明.堆晶辉长岩中发育3种内部结构特征的锆石晶体,锆石Th、U含量和Th/U值揭示了同一岩浆系统中结晶形成的岩浆锆石.获得堆晶辉长岩SHRIMP锆石U-Pb谐和年龄461Ma±7Ma(MSWD=1.3)、431.7Ma±6.9Ma(MSWD=0.54),分别代表了青藏高原中部地区原一古特提斯洋扩张过程中早期(中奥陶世Darriwilian阶晚期)、晚期(早志留世Telychian阶中期)的岩浆作用事件.果干加年山早古生代堆晶岩具有MORB.的特征,代表了龙木错-双湖缝合带中残存的早古生代蛇绿岩,也是青藏高原中南部地区目前为止认知时代最早的原一古特提斯洋壳的残迹.羌塘中部早古生代蛇绿岩的确定及其年代学的约束,使得龙木错-双湖特提斯洋盆的形成时代至少可以追溯到中奥陶世-早志留世,并推论龙木错-双湖缝合带、南羌塘古生代增生楔及其中生代盆地和班公湖-怒江缝合带共同构成了青藏高原特提斯大洋最终消亡的巨型缝合带,晚古生代原-古特提斯洋向南的俯冲消减导致了冈底斯带石炭纪-二叠纪岛孤型火山岩、二叠纪花岗闪长岩和大洋俯冲型榴辉岩的形成. 相似文献
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10.
特提斯地球动力学 总被引：19，自引：9，他引：10
特提斯是地球显生宙期间位于北方劳亚大陆和南方冈瓦纳大陆之间的巨型海洋,它在新生代期间的闭合形成现今东西向展布的欧洲阿尔卑斯山、土耳其-伊朗高原、喜马拉雅山和青藏高原。根据演化历史,特提斯可划分为原特提斯、古特提斯和新特提斯三个阶段,分别代表早古生代、晚古生代和中生代期间的大洋。大约在500Ma左右,冈瓦纳大陆北缘发生张裂,裂解的块体向北漂移,并使其与塔里木-华北之间的原特提斯洋在420～440Ma左右关闭,产生原特提斯造山作用,与北美-西欧地区Avalonia地体与劳伦大陆之间的阿巴拉契亚-加里东造山作用基本相当。原特提斯造山带之南、早古生代即已存在的龙木错-双湖-昌宁-孟连古特提斯洋在380Ma向北俯冲,使早期闭合的康西瓦-阿尼玛卿洋重新张开,并由于弧后扩张形成金沙江-哀牢山洋。330～360Ma左右,特提斯西部大洋由于南侧非洲板块和北侧欧洲板块的碰撞而关闭,形成欧洲华力西造山带。而特提斯东段的上述三条古特提斯洋在250Ma左右基本同时关闭,华北、华南、印支等块体聚合形成华夏大陆。该大陆与冈瓦纳大陆、劳亚大陆和华力西造山带一起围限形成封闭的古特提斯残留洋,并一直到晚三叠世-早侏罗世海水才全部退出。此后,南侧冈瓦纳大陆在三叠纪晚期重新裂解形成新特提斯洋,该洋盆在新生代初期由于印度和亚洲的碰撞而关闭。原、古、新特提斯三次造山作用基本代表了中国大陆显生宙期间的地质演化历史,并在此过程中形成了特色的特提斯域金属成矿作用。广布的被动陆缘和赤道附近的古地理位置,以及后期的造山作用同时也成就了特提斯域内巨量油气资源的形成;塑就的地貌与海陆分布格局,也对当时的古气候与古环境产生了重要影响。特别是,与原、古、新特提斯洋消亡相关的三次弧岩浆活动与显生宙地球历史上三次温室地球向冰室地球的转变,在时间上高度吻合。上述演化历史同时还表明,特提斯地质演化以南侧冈瓦纳大陆不断裂解、块体向北漂移并与劳亚大陆持续聚合为特征,其动力机制主要来自俯冲板片的拖拽力,而地幔柱是否对大陆的裂解与漂移有所贡献,则有待进一步评价。 相似文献
11.
Guboglo M. N. 《GeoJournal》1980,4(1):53-58
International unity is becoming ever stronger in this country owing to an increasing similarity in the development of the cultural environment. This comprises the provision of all the country's republics with a sufficient number of schools, theatres, and other institutions and cultural information media in accordance with the needs of the population. An important part is played by the rise in ‘the general educational level, as well as the level of professional qualifications and skills. Among all the Soviet nations and nationalities, this rise being more rapid among formerly backward peoples. Prominent among the factors of internationalization is the progressive development of the nationalities’ cultural resources, while professional culture is being increasingly brought within the reach of the masses.The implementation of the nationalities policy promotes the all-round development of all Soviet nations and nationalities, their drawing together, the upsurge of the individual capabilities of every Soviet citizen. 相似文献
12.
Jiayu Rong Michael Melchin S. Henry Williams Tatyana N. Koren Jacques Verniers 《《幕》》2008,31(3):315-318
The Global Stratotype Section and Point （GSSP） for the base of the Silurian System was defined in 1985. Since that time, a number of researchers have suggested that this section has serious deficiencies for use as a GSSP. As a result, in 2000, the Subcommission on Silurian Stratigraphy （SSS） proposed undertaking a formal restu@ of this GSSP, which was subsequently approved by the International Commission of Stratigraphy （ICS）. The result of this restudy was the formal proposal that the current GSSP, at 1.6 m above the base of the Birkhill Shale, at Dob＇s Linn, Scotland, should be maintained as the same locality and stratigraphic level, but the bios- tratigraphical definition of the boundary should be revised. The previously defined, basal Silurian grapto- lite zone, the Parakidograptus acuminatus Zone, should be subdivided into a lower Akidograptus ascensus Zone and a higher E acuminatus Zone. The base of the A. ascensus Zone, marked by the first appearance of A. ascensus, should be regarded as the biostratigraphic mark for the base of the Silurian. This proposal has now been formally approved by the SSS and ICS, and ratified by International Union of Geological Sciences. This is the first GSSP to undergo formal restudy and redefini- tion, and the proposal also included a recommended procedure for restudy of GSSPs. 相似文献
13.
Deviation of the major axis of the inertia ellipsoid of the Moon from the direction toward the Earth
B. P. Kondratyev 《Astronomy Reports》2017,61(8):709-714
It is known from observations that the center of mass of the Moon does not coincide with the geometric center of its figure, and the line connecting these two centers is not aligned with the direction toward the center of the Earth, instead deviating toward the Southeast. This stationary deviation of the axis of the inertia ellipsoid of the Moon to the South of the direction toward the Earth is analyzed. A system of five linear differential equations describing the physical libration of the Moon in latitude is considered, and these equations are derived using a new vector method taking into account perturbations from the Earth and partly from the Sun. The characteristic equation of this system is obtained, and all five oscillation frequencies are found. Special attention is paid to the fifth (zero) frequency, for which the solution of the latitude libration equations are stationary and represents a previously unknown additional motion of the rotational axis of theMoon in a cone with a small opening angle. In contrast to the astronomical precession of the Earth, the rotation of the angular-velocity vector is in the positive direction (counter-clockwise), with the period T 3 = 27.32 days. On this basis, this phenomenon has been named “quasi-precession.” This quasi-precession leads to a stationary inclination of the major axis of the inertia ellipsoid of theMoon to the South (for an observer on Earth), making it possible to explain one component of the observed deviation of the center of mass of the Moon from the direction toward the Earth. The opening angle of the quasiprecession cone is approximately 0.834″. 相似文献
14.
Important tendencies in development of the world mineral-resources sector at the beginning of the 21st century were an increase in production and consumption of mineral materials differentiated by types of metals and nonmetallic mineral raw materials, by countries and regions, as well as the concentration of the production of mineral raw materials in a small number of countries, and a reduction in industrial reserves of minerals in the world economy, even at the current stage of their extraction. These tendencies should be taken into account in working out a strategy for development of the Russian mineral raw-material base. 相似文献
15.
Fouad N. Ibrahim Dr. 《GeoJournal》1988,17(1):133-141
Taking the example of W Sudan, an analysis of the climatic incidents leading to the two recent famine disasters is made. On this natural background, the human side is investigated. Focus is directed towards the fragile economic structure of the famine-prone population groups. An early-warning system for famine in the Sahelian Zone is proposed taking grain production and storage, livestock development and the relationship between the prices of livestock and grain as major indicators. 相似文献
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东濮凹陷北部沙三中亚段广泛发育盐岩和烃源岩,这两个看似不能共存的物质却在这里互层共生。该时期研究区沉积特征为多盐韵律与多层烃源岩互层共生、连续沉积,单个盐韵律厚度从几米到十几米,烃源岩有机质丰度高、类型好。平面上,两者在湖盆沉积沉降中心共生;垂向上,高有机质丰度、好干酪根类型与高盐度地层具有较好的对应关系。因而成为恢复古气候和古环境的重要研究对象。通过岩石学、古生物学以及Sr/Ba、B/Ga、(V+Ni+Mn)、Fe/Mn、Sr/Cu、Mg/Ca、V/(V+Ni)、稀土元素含量和氯同位素等方法对凹陷北部沙三中亚段的沉积环境进行研究。结果表明,凹陷北部沙三中亚段为深水沉积的还原环境,古盐度较高,达到半咸水-咸水沉积;微量元素和孢粉化石特征表明研究区沙三中亚段为温暖潮湿的环境。 相似文献
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The structure of the eastern Pyrenees consists mainly of south-directed thrusts involving basement and cover rocks. An antiformal stack developed by the piling up of basement thrust sheets which outcrop in the Axial zone. These structures account for a thin-skinned thrust model rather than a vertical fault model in which the Axial zone would be essentially autochthonous, and the North-Pyrenean fault the axial plane of a fan thrust system. New data from the Eastern Pyrenees and the thin-skinned model suggest that(1) the structure east of the Pedraforca nappe is similar to that of the Central Pyrenees; (2) the cover rocks of the South-Pyrenean units and of the Axial zone-after restoration—built up a northwards-thickening prism consistent with the existence of a unique Pyrenean sedimentary basin during Mesozoic time; (3) the Axial zone is only a complex antiformal stack developed as a part of South-Pyrenean system related to the Paleogene thrusting-tectonics. The Axial zone palaeogeographic area had no special meaning during Mesozoic time. 相似文献
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郯庐断裂南段研究进展与断裂性质讨论 总被引：13，自引：3，他引：13
据1：5万区域地质调查和专题研究资料，就郯庐断裂带是否南延与消失的原因，其与大别—苏鲁造山带交截形成的假位错效应，以及与中新生代沉积盆地形成演化的关系等作了新的阐述。在此基础上，讨论了郯庐断裂带是否为巨大的左行平移断层或转换断层。认为郯庐断裂带可能是在“古郯庐带”的基础上于早侏罗世重新活动、白垩纪强烈活动的地堑型枢纽断裂带。 相似文献