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1.
西藏仲巴县天宫尼勒矽卡岩型铜金矿床锆石U-Pb年代学和岩石地球化学特征: 对成因及其成矿构造背景的指示 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
天宫尼勒铜金矿床位于冈底斯成矿带北部,是与花岗闪长岩关系密切的矽卡岩型矿床。花岗闪长岩锆石ICP-MSU-Pb年龄加权平均值为102.6±1.8Ma,指示该矿床形成于早白垩世。元素地球化学数据表明,花岗闪长岩具有高Al2O3,富Na2O,低TiO2等特点,属于准铝质、钙碱性岩石系列,微量元素富集大离子亲石元素(LILE),亏损高场强元素(HFSE)和重稀土元素,显示Nb和Ta的负异常,具有明显的岛弧型岩石的地球化学特征,岩石成因可能与班公湖-怒江洋壳板片俯冲所诱发的岩浆活动有关。结合区域构造演化,天宫尼勒铜金矿床形成于班公湖-怒江洋向南(即冈底斯地块)俯冲碰撞闭合之前的岛弧环境。 相似文献
2.
西藏班公湖-怒江成矿带上的碰撞后铜矿床 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
地处藏北高原的班公湖-怒江铜矿带是继藏东的玉龙斑岩铜矿带和藏南的冈底斯斑岩铜矿带之后,在青藏高原上发现的第三条铜矿带。与前两条斑岩铜矿带不同的是,班公湖-怒江铜矿带的铜矿床类型具有多样性,包括:1多龙、雄梅斑岩型铜金矿床;2尕尔穷-嘎拉勒斑岩-矽卡岩型铜金矿床;3拨拉扎斑岩型铜钼矿床;4舍索矽卡岩型铜(铅锌)多金属矿床。不同类型铜矿床的成矿时代集中在120~90 Ma之间,约30 Ma间隔内。文章通过沉积岩岩相学、火成岩岩石地球化学以及锆石U-Pb与辉钼矿Re-Os同位素年代学的综合研究,指出班公湖-怒江中特提斯洋盆的闭合时间为早白垩世初(140~130 Ma之间),班公湖-怒江成矿带上的铜矿床都形成于碰撞后造山环境。该成矿带与铜矿化有关的侵入岩主要为花岗闪长(斑)岩和石英闪长(玢)岩,在岩石地球化学上,富集大离子亲石元素(Rb、Th、U、Ba、K、Pb),亏损高场强元素(Nb、Ta、Ti),显示出俯冲组分对岩浆生成过程产生的重要影响,与碰撞后岩浆作用特征相吻合。除了班公湖-怒江铜矿带外,青藏高原上的另外两条斑岩铜矿带(即藏东的玉龙斑岩铜矿带和藏南的冈底斯斑岩铜矿带),也是形成于洋盆闭合之后的造山带碰撞后环境,因此,青藏高原可以说是地球上碰撞后铜矿床的天堂。 相似文献
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雪如岩体主要由中细粒二长花岗岩、中粗粒斑状二长花岗岩组成,在其与郎山组灰岩接触带附近发育有大量的矽卡岩型铜铁矿床或矿化点.岩石及锆石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb、XRF、ICP-AES等分析显示,雪如岩体富K2O、SiO2、LREE及Rb、Ba、Pb、Th等大离子亲石元素,而Nb、Ta、Sr、Ti等高场强元素含量相对较低,稀土元素配分曲线为明显的右倾曲线,具有中等的负Eu异常,属高钾钙碱性-钾玄岩岩石系列和后碰撞花岗岩类,成岩时代分别为79.25±0.97 Ma和79.72±0.51 Ma,形成于早白垩世末-晚白垩世初班公湖-怒江缝合带闭合后、羌塘地体与拉萨地体的后碰撞阶段.综合认为,雪如岩体岩浆源区为下地壳富含流体的石榴石角闪岩相-斜长角闪岩相的镁铁质岩石,是在后碰撞环境下经部分熔融形成的花岗岩类,对班戈地区铜铁多金属成矿非常有利;矽卡岩型铜铁成矿作用发生于80 Ma左右,该认识为区域找矿指明了方向. 相似文献
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虎头崖铅锌多金属矿床位于东昆仑祁漫塔格地区,矿区内中酸性侵入岩体广泛发育,且与成矿关系密切。通过高精度LA-ICP-MS锆石微区原位U-Pb同位素测年,获得与矿化、矽卡岩化关系密切的黑云二长花岗岩锆石的~(206)Pb/~(238)U年龄加权平均值为234.2±1.5Ma。地球化学分析表明,黑云二长花岗岩具有高Al_2O_3、K_2O,低TiO_2、Na_2O的特征,稀土和微量元素显示其富集轻稀土元素、Rb、Th和部分高场强元素,Nb、Sr、Zr相对亏损,稀土元素表现为LREE/HREE明显分离的配分模式,总体表现为I型花岗岩的特征。在(Y+Nb)-Rb图解中落入后碰撞花岗岩区,在R1-R2因子判别图上落入造山晚期和同碰撞花岗岩重叠区,显示其可能形成于碰撞-后碰撞构造阶段。虎头崖铅锌多金属矿区Ⅵ矿带具有强烈的矽卡岩化,结合矿石组构、脉石矿物、围岩蚀变等特征,认为其具有矽卡岩型矿床的特征,形成于234.2±1.5Ma(中—晚三叠世)。 相似文献
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西藏班公湖—怒江成矿带南侧矽卡岩型铜多金属矿床S、Pb同位素组成及成矿物质来源 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
班公湖—怒江成矿带南侧分布着多个与班公湖—怒江洋南向俯冲、碰撞、后碰撞伸展各阶段有关的矽卡岩型铜多金属矿床,目前对单个矿床的研究较多,而对形成于不同环境下的矿床之间的对比研究较少。本文通过对该成矿带南侧典型矽卡岩型铜多金属矿床的S、Pb同位素特征进行较为系统的总结,并结合前人对辉钼矿Re同位素、成矿岩体地球化学特征、成岩成矿时代及区域构造演化等研究的成果,对不同构造背景下所形成的4个矿床的成矿物质来源进行对比研究。研究表明：舍索矿床的S同位素具有明显的双峰式分布,为壳幔混合来源,而区内典型矿床的S同位素显示从班公湖—怒江洋南向俯冲（舍索）→碰撞（嘎拉勒、尕尔穷）→后碰撞（班戈日阿）逐渐富集重硫的特征;Pb同位素显示舍索较其他矿床更富集放射成因Pb,舍索、班戈日阿矿床成矿物质主要来源于念青唐古拉群结晶基底,而同碰撞期形成的嘎拉勒、尕尔穷矿床则显示了明显的壳幔混合来源的特征,念青唐古拉群结晶基底对尕尔穷矿床的成矿物质有少量贡献。此外,斑岩-矽卡岩复合型矿床的成矿物质来源具有壳幔混源的特征,而单一的矽卡岩型矿床以上地壳来源为主。 相似文献
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西藏多不杂斑岩铜矿床辉钼矿Re-Os和锆石U-Pb SHRIMP测年及地质意义 总被引：37，自引：10，他引：27
多不杂矿床是班公湖-怒江缝合带上发现的第一处大型斑岩铜矿床.该矿床位于班公湖-怒江缝合带的北侧,羌塘地块的南缘.含矿斑岩体属花岗闪长斑岩,其SiO2含量为61.3796-67.73%,平均为65.16%;稀土元素总量为(41.4-94)× 10~(-6),LREE>HREE,属轻稀土元素富集型;微量元素特征表现为富集大离子不相容元素Rb、K、Th、Ba、La、Ce、Sr,亏损高场强元素Nb、Ta、P、Ti.含矿斑岩的稀土元素和微量元素特点反映出岛弧带的岩浆作用特征.含矿斑岩中锆石的U-Pb SHRIMP测年获得(120.9±2.4)Ma(MSWD=4.3)谐和年龄,代表了含矿斑岩的形成时代.6个辉钼矿样品的Re-Os模式年龄范围非常一致,其变化范围为(117.6±1.3)～(118.5±1.4)Ma,等时线年龄为(118.0±1.5)Ma(MSwD=0.30),代表了该矿床的成矿年龄.该矿床的形成时代对应于班公湖.怒江早白垩世期间的多岛弧-盆系演化时期,其形成环境类似于东南亚的多岛弧-盆系统. 相似文献
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崩错似斑状正长花岗岩构造上处于北冈底斯东段,岩体侵位的最新地层为中—晚侏罗世拉贡塘组。其中似斑状正长花岗岩的LA-ICP-MS锆石~(206)Pb/~(238)U年龄为116.7±1.2 Ma,时代为早白垩世中期。岩石具高SiO_2、富Al_2O_3和K_2O,贫TiO_2、MgO、CaO特征,A/CNK=0.94～1.91(平均1.16),属于高钾钙碱性—钾玄岩系列过铝质岩石。(La/Yb)_N为1.22～9.62,δEu=0.04～0.38,球粒陨石标准化稀土元素分布型式为轻稀土轻度富集的U亏损型。大离子亲石元素及高场强元素Rb、K、Th、Ta、Ce相对富集,Nb相对亏损,Ba、Sr、P、Ti强烈亏损,显示具同碰撞型花岗岩特征,成岩岩浆源自地壳。结合最新资料及本文研究成果,初步认为崩错地区似斑状正长花岗岩可能形成于冈底斯带与羌塘地块陆—陆碰撞构造背景,是碰撞过程中下地壳增厚并部分发生熔融的产物,同时也表明班公湖—怒江新特提斯洋俯冲结束的时间应早于116 Ma。结合本区域年龄成果,在崩错地区班公湖—怒江新特提斯洋俯冲结束,并开始发生冈底斯带与羌塘地块陆—陆碰撞的时间为120 Ma左右。 相似文献
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精尼克盖曼南岩体岩性为中细粒二长花岗岩,锆石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb定年结果表明,二长花岗岩成岩年龄为(516.5±0.8)Ma,时代为早寒武世;岩石属于钙碱性系列准铝-过铝质花岗岩;轻稀土元素较为富集,轻、重稀土元素分馏明显,具有明显的负Eu异常;岩石相对富集Rb、K等大离子亲石元素,亏损Nb、Ta、P、Ti和HREE等高场强元素;为下地壳火成岩熔融形成。结合锆石定年结果及岩体产出的区域地质背景,研究认为精尼克盖曼南岩体是在后碰撞伸展拉张型裂谷环境下的产物;在早寒武世西昆仑造山带处于后碰撞伸展拉张背景。 相似文献
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西藏尕尔穷-嘎拉勒铜金矿集区侵入岩岩石地球化学特征
及其地质意义 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
尕尔穷-嘎拉勒矿集区位于西藏班公湖-怒江成矿带西段,是该带上近年来取得重大勘查突破的矽卡岩(斑岩)型铜金矿集区,区内现已发现有尕尔穷及嘎拉勒两个矽卡岩型铜金矿床。区内侵入岩主要有GL(嘎拉勒)花岗闪长岩、GL花岗斑岩、GL闪长岩、GE(尕尔穷)花岗斑岩、GE石英闪长岩等燕山晚期中酸性侵入岩。地球化学特征显示,区内侵入岩SiO2含量在53.68%～80.78%之间,平均值为65.66%,Al2O3含量在8.51%～16.91%之间,A/CNK(铝饱和指数)在0.54～1.11之间,表明区内侵入岩为准铝质-弱过铝质钙碱性-高钾钙碱性岩石系列;微量元素及稀土元素地球化学特征显示,区内侵入岩相对富集大离子亲石元素Rb、Sr、Th,而亏损Ta、Nb、Hf、Zr、Yb、Ti等高场强元素,各岩石类型均具Nb、Ta、Ti负异常,其中GE花岗斑岩具有非常明显的亏损Sr和Ti的特征。岩石成因类型判别表明GE花岗斑岩为S型花岗岩,而其它岩类为I型花岗岩,结合构造环境的判别,指示矿集区侵入岩形成于班公湖-怒江特提斯洋闭合后碰撞隆升阶段。 相似文献
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西藏更乃矽卡岩矿床位于班公湖-怒江成矿带南侧,具有良好的铁与铟等多金属成矿潜力,尤其在该矿床发现了自然铟与羟铟石,为国内首次。更乃矿床为晚白垩世似斑状二长花岗岩侵位于下白垩统郎山组灰岩时发生双交代作用的产物,晚白垩世似斑状二长花岗岩为更乃矽卡岩型铁多金属矿床的矿化提供了岩浆热液来源。似斑状二长花岗岩K2O/Na2O为1.38~1.73,显示富钾特征。铝过饱和指数(A/CNK)变化于1.02~1.05之间,为过铝质系列,具S型花岗岩特征。里特曼指数（σ）为2.15~2.31,属钙碱性岩石系列。富集大离子亲石元素Rb、Th,贫Sr、 Ba、P、Ti等元素。∑REE=108.03×10-6~258.74×10-6,稀土元素总量较高,(La/Yb)N为15.71~26.00,轻重稀土元素明显分异,Eu呈中等负异常(δEu=0.17~0.24)。似斑状二长花岗岩中锆石多呈柱状,Th/U的范围为0.50~2.17,（La/Yb）N为0.00~0.29,轻重稀土元素明显分异,δCe=4.32~1293.43,δEu=0.06~0.13,具有比较高的Ce正异常和中等的Eu负异常,显示岩浆锆石的特征。更乃岩体形成于班公湖-怒江洋向南俯冲结束之后的同碰撞阶段。研究表明,铟与锡之间以及铟与锌之间不存在相关关系,铟与铁之间具有很好的正相关关系,铟在铁矿石中含量为5.61~125.00×10-6,平均值为49.01×10-6,铟呈独立矿物形式存在。铁、铟、铋金属的矿化是在同一期热液活动中形成,为岩浆来源。锆石的LA-ICP-MS定年结果表明,岩体的形成年龄为78.7±1.7 Ma,为燕山晚期岩浆活动的产物。 相似文献
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S. Viswanathan K. Surya Prakash Rao B. Mahabaleswar 《Journal of the Geological Society of India》2013,82(6):621-627
Komatiites are mantle-derived ultramafic volcanic rocks. Komatiites have been discovered in several States of India, notably in Karnataka. Studies on the distribution of trace-elements in the komatiites of India are very few. This paper proposes a simple, accurate, precise, rapid, and non-destructive wavelength-dispersive x-ray fluorescence (WDXRF) spectrometric technique for determining Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th in komatiites, and discusses the accuracy, precision, limits of detection, x-ray spectral-line interferences, inter-element effects, speed, advantages, and limitations of the technique. The accuracy of the technique is excellent (within 3%) for Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th and very good (within 4%) for Y. The precision is also excellent (within 3%) for Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th. The limits of detection are: 1 ppm for Sc and V; 2 ppm for Cr, Co, and Ni; 3 ppm for Cu, Zn, Rb, and Sr; 4 ppm for Y and Zr; 6 ppm for Nb; 10 ppm for Ba; 13 ppm for Pb; and 14 ppm for Th. The time taken for determining Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th in a batch of 24 samples of komatiites, for a replication of four analyses per sample, by one operator, using a manual WDXRF spectrometer, is only 60 hours. 相似文献
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E. M. Prasolov S. A. Sergeev B. V. Belyatsky E. S. Bogomolov K. A. Gruzdov I. N. Kapitonov R. Sh. Krymsky V. O. Khalenev 《Geochemistry International》2018,56(1):46-64
This paper reports the first results of a study of 11 isotope systems (3He/4He, 40Ar/36Ar, 34S/32S, 65Cu/63Cu, 62Ni/60Ni, 87Sr/86Sr, 143Nd/144Nd, 206–208Pb/204Pb, Hf–Nd, U–Pb, and Re–Os) in the rocks and ores of the Cu–Ni–PGE deposits of the Norilsk ore district. Almost all the results were obtained at the Center of Isotopic Research of the Karpinskii All-Russia Research Institute of Geology. The use of a number of independent genetic isotopic signatures and comprehensive isotopic knowledge provided a methodic basis for the interpretation of approximately 5000 isotopic analyses of various elements. The presence of materials from two sources, crust and mantle, was detected in the composition of the rocks and ores. The contribution of the crustal source is especially significant in the paleofluids (gas–liquid microinclusions) of the ore-forming medium. Crustal solutions were probably a transport medium during ore formation. Air argon is dominant in the ores, which indicates a connection between the paleofluids and the atmosphere. This suggests intense groundwater circulation during the crystallization of ore minerals. The age of the rocks and ores of the Norilsk deposits was determined. The stage of orebody formation is restricted to a narrow age interval of 250 ± 10 Ma. An isotopic criterion was proposed for the ore-bearing potential of mafic intrusions in the Norilsk–Taimyr region. It includes several interrelated isotopic ratios of various elements: He, Ar, S, and others. 相似文献
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奥地利安东帕有限公司 《岩矿测试》2009,28(3):306-306
最新的流行病学研究表明,空气中较高浓度的悬浮细颗粒可能对人类的健康有不利的影响。根据该项研究显示,由于心脏病、慢性呼吸问题和肺功能指标恶化而导致死亡率的升高与细尘粒子有关。这些研究结果已经促使欧盟于1999年4月出台了限制空气中二氧化硫、二氧化氮、氧化氮、铅和颗粒物含量的法案(1999/30/EC),对各项指标包括对可吸入PM10颗粒的浓度提出了新的限制性指标。PM10颗粒是指可以通过预分级器分离采集的气体动力学直径小于10μm的细颗粒。目前研究的兴趣重点逐步偏向PM2.5这些更细微颗粒物,PM2.5这种颗粒物对健康有明显的不利影响。在欧盟指令2008/50/EC中,对PM10和PM2.5都提 相似文献
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Mining induced subsidence can significantly affect mining costs where major surface facilities and natural environment need to be protected. Overburden grout injection is a technology used to control coal mine subsidence by injecting the mine waste material extracted from the coal back into the inter-burden rock during longwall mining. The flowing slurry is here categorised as a nonlinear viscous cohesive (Bingham plastic) fluid. During longwall mining the grout slurry is pumped into the separated beds of the rock mass through a central vertical borehole, which is drilled deep into the inter-burden rock strata above the coal seam. However, a blockage can occur in the injection system when the slurry velocity falls below a certain critical threshold velocity, indicating a material phase change from cohesive-viscous to cohesive-frictional. In situ field injection tests through boreholes have been simulated at a smaller scale at the CSIRO laboratory in Brisbane by pumping the slurry through a radial disk (gap = 4 mm) from its centre. Laboratory experiments indicate a general, nonlinear, cohesive, viscous, frictional model for shear behaviour of the slurry, in which the material shear parameters are functions of the disk radial distance. Complete dimensional and dimensionless analytical solutions have been developed based on an approach related to Bingham–Herschel–Bulkley fluid mechanics. The derived formulae include relations for minimum pump pressure, local pressure and pressure gradient, wall shear stress, volume rate, velocity and velocity gradient. The theoretical results match the experimental measurements. The experiments covered slurries with maximum particle sizes of 0.5 to 2 mm with about 50% being larger than 100 µm. The viscosities at the various solids concentrations were measured with a standard torsion viscometer. This study differs from the previous research in several distinct aspects, namely, consideration of the variable shear parameters rather than fixed values, inclusion of total nonlinear behaviour, and implementation of a friction function to mimic behaviour of the deposited and consolidating stiff slurry, which can cause a significant pressure rise as a result of the increased shear resistance. 相似文献
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Alexander E. C. Broberg J. S. Kehren A. R. Graziani M. M. Turri W. L. 《Environmental Geology》1993,22(4):353-361
Bellechester, Minnesota, is a small community of approximately 155 residents located on the county line between Goodhue and Wabasha counties in southeast Minnesota's karst region. Bellechester is served by a 21-year-old wastewater treatment facility (WWTF) consisting of three waste-stabilization ponds. On 28 April 1992 six sinkholes were discovered to have drained cell 2 of the WWTF resulting in the loss of approximately 8.7×106 1 of partially treated effluent and about 600 m3 of soil into previously undetected subsurface voids of unknown dimensions. In the week following the collapse, approximately 200 water wells located within a 5-km radius of the WWTF were sampled in an after-the-fact, emergency sampling program. Twelve samples with elevated fecal coliform levels, 18 samples with nitrate-nitrogen greater than the 10 mg/1 standard, and no samples with elevated chlorides were found. However, the elevated levels could not be unambiguously attributed to the WWTF collapse. This is the third WWTF to fail by sinkhole collapse in southeast Minnesota since 1974. All three collapsed lagoons have been located in similar geomorphic and stratigraphic settings. However, at least two lagoons have collapsed in the adjacent area in northeast Iowa, and these lagoons are located at different stratigraphic positions. Twenty-two WWTFs constructed in southeast Minnesota's karst region in the last 25 years have been identified as subject to potential sinkhole collapse. An unknown but significant number of manure storage lagoons, flood control structures, etc., have also been constructed in the karst region and are at risk. Public agencies are beginning to develop plans to deal with the risk associated with existing and future waste lagoons in this environment. The critical hydrogeologic parameters that can be used to prioritize the risk of collapse at existing facilities include: (1) the lithology of the first bedrock beneath each lagoon, (2) the thickness of surficial materials between the lagoon and the bedrock surface, (3) the presence and construction of liners (seepage rate), and (4) the proximity to existing sinkholes. 相似文献
18.
岩石密度和超高压岩石折返速率 总被引：1，自引：3，他引：1
在常温常压条件下对中国大陆科学钻CCSD主孔100-3000米岩心样品进行了密度测量,建立了密度连续剖面,并界定了不同超高压岩石的密度值。通过对比高温高压物性实验资料,岩石密度随着退变程度增强而降低,榴辉岩密度变化序列为3.52g/cm3→3.49g/cm3→3.07g/cm3→2.93g/cm3。超高压长英质岩石密度变化序列为3.00g/cm→2.80g/cm3→2.65g/cm3。上述实验资料是讨论不同折返阶段岩石所受浮力的基础,为研究折返速率大小提供了基本参数。本文通过折返板块运动平衡时,上浮力与粘滞力平衡这一关系式,定量研究了大陆俯冲板块的折返速率,认为密度差产生上浮力从而引起折返,温度对板块折返速率的影响最为显著;密度差大小、折返角度、折返板块大小对折返速率也有直接的影响。定量模拟分析表明,在温度高于850℃时,板块的折返速率可以超过100mm/a;当温度降至700℃时,折返速率则低于1.5mm/a。作者认为在折返早期,温度较高,板块快速折返至60-70km榴辉岩相深度;随着传导散热,温度降低,板块以较慢的速率折返至中下地壳。折返速率的估算表明,浮力是板块折返第一阶段(从>100km深部折返至<40km的中下地壳)的主要驱动力。 相似文献
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Mercury,arsenic, antimony,and selenium contents of sediment from the Kuskokwim River,Bethel, Alaska,USA 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
The Kuskokwim River at Bethel, Alaska, drains a major mercury-antimony metallogenic province in its upper reaches and tributaries. Bethel (population 4000) is situated on the Kuskokwim floodplain and also draws its water supply from wells located in river-deposited sediment. A boring through overbank and floodplain sediment has provided material to establish a baseline datum for sediment-hosted heavy metals. Mercury (total), arsenic, antimony, and selenium contents were determined; aluminum was also determined and used as normalizing factor. The contents of the heavy metals were relatively constant with depth and do not reflect any potential enrichment from upstream contaminant sources. 相似文献