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《变质作用与大陆动力学学术讨论会》在北京召开 总被引：21，自引：1，他引：21
冲绳海槽火山岩目前发现有玄武岩、玄武安山岩、安山岩、粗面安山岩、粗面英安岩、英安岩和流纹岩。研究表明，冲绳海槽火山岩均属亚碱性系列，基性岩具有拉斑玄武岩系列和钙碱性系列的过渡性，中、酸性岩多属钙碱性系列；岩石形成于上新世以来，大部分都是富集型地幔玄武质岩浆在分离结晶不同阶段的产物。岩石在分离结晶演化趋势上的一致性和在岩石化学指数变异关系上的多样性是原来快速上升未发生混染的岩浆在断裂构造隔离下分枝独立演化的结果。 相似文献
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冲绳海槽火山岩岩石特征及其地质意义 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
冲绳海槽火山岩目前发现有玄武岩、玄武安山岩、安山岩、粗面安山岩、粗面英安岩、英安岩和流纹岩。研究表明，冲绳海槽火山岩均属亚碱性系列，基性岩具有拉斑玄武岩系列和钙碱性系列的过渡性，中、酸性岩多属钙碱性系列；央石形成于上新世以来，大部分都是富集型地幔玄武质岩浆在分离结晶不同阶段的产物。岩石在分离结晶演化趋势上的一致性和岩石化学指数变异关系上的多样性是原来快速上升未发生混染的岩浆在断裂构造隔离下分枝独立 相似文献
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滇西腾冲曲石地区中更新世火山岩年龄及成因:SHRIMP锆石U-Pb定年和Hf同位素约束 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
本文报道了腾冲曲石地区英安岩测年结果和该区火山岩样品的地球化学特征。英安岩(TC7)的SHRIMP锆石UPb年龄为0.41±0.01Ma(MSWD=1.18),属于中更新世,是迄今在国内测得的最年轻的高精度锆石U-Pb年龄。该区的火山岩具有高钾钙碱性的特点,为一套粗面玄武岩-玄武粗安岩-粗安岩-粗面岩以及玄武岩-安山岩-英安岩岩石组合。岩石富集LILE、LREE,相对亏损Nb、Ta、Ti等高场强元素,具有高的原始地幔标准化(Th/Nb)N比值(大于6)、低的Nb/La(小于1)和Nb/U比值(3~13),相对富集Zr,Zr/Y比值较高。这些地球化学特征明显区别于典型岛弧钙碱性火山岩。锆石Hf同位素分析结果显示εHf(t)值为-11.0~-1.5,变化较大;tDM1、tDM2分别为747~1115Ma、951~1437Ma,模式年龄远大于SHRIMP测定的锆石U-Pb年龄。腾冲火山岩喷发时该区属于大陆板内环境,该区火山岩与地壳混染的大陆玄武岩地球化学特征相类似,是幔源物质遭受壳源富集组分强烈混染的产物。 相似文献
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宁芜地区中生代岩浆岩的成因——岩石学与Nd,Sr,Pb同位素证据 总被引：11，自引：0，他引：11
宁芜中生代火山盆地产出火山岩与侵入岩，火山岩以玄武粗安岩，粗安岩和粗面岩为主，安山岩和响岩少量，火山岩以高钾富碱为特征，已确定为橄榄安粗岩系。侵入岩以辉长闪长玢岩－一辉长闪长岩为主，以高钠低硅为特征，并有辉长岩和花岗岩产生，据地质学和Ｎｄ，Ｓｒ，Ｐｂ同位素资料，侵入岩与火山岩属同一个岩浆系列，是碱性玄武岩浆在下地壳经过轻度ＡＦＣ混合后，侵入上地壳，在轻度混染的情况下，经过以结晶分离为主的岩浆分异形 相似文献
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中国东北地区中生代构造体制的转变:来自火山岩时空分布与岩石组合的制约 总被引：13，自引：3，他引：10
东北地区中生代经历了蒙古-鄂霍茨克构造体系向太平洋构造体系的转换,形成了不同期次火山活动。本文归纳总结了露头区与覆盖区中生代火山岩的年代学、空间分布、岩石组合以及地球化学特征,揭示了两个构造域的时空分布范围。该区火山岩锆石U-Pb年龄统计结果表明中生代存在五期火山活动:早-中侏罗世(190~160Ma)、晚侏罗世(160~145Ma)、早白垩世早期(145~120Ma)、早白垩世晚期(120~100Ma)、晚白垩世早期(100~90Ma)。早-中侏罗世火山岩分布较少,火山岩仅分布在大兴安岭西部满洲里地区和东部张广才岭以及南侧辽宁北票-朝阳地区,火山岩属于高钾钙碱性系列,为蒙古-鄂霍茨克海闭合和法拉隆板块双俯冲作用的产物。晚侏罗世东北地区火山活动明显增强,主要分布在大兴安岭地区,张广才岭以及小兴安岭也有少量分布。西部大兴安岭地区以粗面安山岩、粗面岩为主,属于同碰撞造山成因,为蒙古-鄂霍茨克海闭合造山环境产物。东部以中酸性、酸性岩为主,为法拉隆板块背离欧亚大陆,岩石圈伸展引起的壳源物质熔融产物。早白垩世早期火山活动最为强烈,火山岩主要分布在大兴安岭地区。岩性以高钾钙碱性系列的粗面玄武安山岩、粗面安山岩、安山岩、粗面岩为主,为蒙古-鄂霍茨克海闭合造山后伸展环境产物。早白垩世晚期火山岩主要分布在松辽盆地内部。火山岩以中酸性岩为主,属于中钾-高钾钙碱性系列,为伊泽奈崎板块俯冲引起的弧后拉张,软流圈上涌导致年轻地壳熔融的产物。晚白垩世早期火山岩仅分布在小兴安岭及吉林、黑龙江省东部地区。火山岩为一套玄武岩、玄武安山岩、安山岩和英安岩组合,属于中钾钙碱性系列,是伊泽奈崎-库拉板块高角度俯冲的大陆边缘岩浆活动产物。东北地区中生代不同期次火山岩记录了蒙古-鄂霍茨克构造域向太平洋构造域转换过程及其时空影响范围。 相似文献
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宁芜中生代火山盆地产出火山岩与侵入岩。火山岩以玄武粗安岩、粗安岩和粗面岩为主，安山岩和响岩少量，火山岩以高钾富碱为特征，已确定为橄揽安粗岩系。侵入岩以辉长间长珍岩－辉长闪长岩为主，以高钠低硅为特征，并有辉长岩和花岗岩产出。据地质学和Ｎｄ、Ｓｒ、Ｐｈ同位素资料，侵入岩与火山岩属同一个岩浆系列，是碱性玄武岩浆在下地壳经过轻度ＡＦＣ混合后，侵入上地壳，在轻度混染的情况下，经过以结晶分离为主的岩浆分异形成的。 相似文献
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在华北克拉通北缘阴山地块东部固阳地区发现了假白榴石粗面玄武岩和钾质粗面岩两种高钾准铝质碱性火山岩。地质年代学数据显示,假白榴石粗面玄武岩的磷灰石U-Pb年龄为322±14Ma,钾质粗面岩的锆石U-Pb年龄为315.6±7.5Ma,说明其形成时代均为晚石炭世。岩石地球化学特征显示,二者均富Al、Fe,贫Mg;富集大离子亲石元素(如Rb、Ba和K),相对亏损高场强元素(如Ta、Nb和Ti),轻重稀土分异明显,富集轻稀土,相对亏损重稀土,Eu异常不明显;高(87Sr/86Sr)i比值(0.710028~0.714745),低εNd(t)值(-9.0~-17.2),表现出相似的交代岩石圈地幔源区和地壳混染特征。将该碱性火山岩与兴蒙造山带晚石炭世-早二叠世中基性火山岩和阴山地块白垩纪中基性火山岩进行岩石类型对比,发现华北克拉通北缘产出的火山岩多为高钾碱性系列,而兴蒙造山带中产出的火山岩则多为钙碱性系列;与兴蒙造山带晚石炭世-早二叠世中基性火山岩进行岩石成因对比,发现它们的岩浆源区和混染程度并不相同,即固阳地区碱性火山岩为受到早古生代俯冲沉积物交代的岩石圈地幔部分熔融所形成的岩浆在上升过程中混染华北克拉通TTG片麻岩后喷发的产物,而兴蒙造山带中火山岩的产出则多为亏损地幔部分熔融所形成的岩浆在上升过程中轻度混染地壳物质后喷发的结果。在固阳地区发现晚石炭世碱性火山岩,代表着古亚洲洋在该时期的后造山伸展作用范围已延伸至华北克拉通北缘。 相似文献
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西天山查岗诺尔铁矿区石炭纪火山岩地球化学特征及岩石成因 总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9
对伊犁地块东北缘查岗诺尔铁矿区石炭纪火山岩进行了系统的岩石学,锆石U-Pb年代学,岩石地球化学,Nd、Sr同位素地球化学研究.该区火山岩包括玄武岩(少量)、粗面岩、安山岩、流纹岩以及火山碎屑岩,它们的化学组成绝大多数属于钾玄岩系列和高钾钙碱性系列,少数玄武岩和安山岩属于钙碱性和低钾拉斑玄武岩系列.微量元素方面,它们相对... 相似文献
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黑龙江省黑河地区广泛发育侏罗-白垩纪火山岩,但是该火山岩的岩石组合、成因和所表征的大地构造环境目前有很大的争议。本文对该套火山岩开展详细的岩石学、岩石地球化学等研究。该火山岩形成于早白垩世,主要以安山岩英安岩流纹岩为主,包含英安岩、安山岩、粗面岩、流纹岩、安粗岩、玄武安山岩、粗面英安岩、钾玄岩、歪长粗安岩,因此属于弧火山岩的组合。该区火山岩主要为亚碱性系列,岩石Na2O/K2O比值一般>1.2。A/CNK在1附近,为准铝质过铝质岩石。SiO2 TFeO/MgO图上既有钙碱性系列(包括低铁钙碱性系列),又有拉斑系列。SiO2 K2O图上主要为中钾钙碱高钾钙碱系列。SiO2 (Na2O+K2O-CaO)图上主要为钙碱系列、碱钙系列和碱性系列,在SiO2 MgO图中主要落入实验玄武岩的局部熔融范围和镁安山岩系列范围。痕量元素蛛网图显示富集大离子亲石元素,K、La、Zr、Hf、Tb、Tm为峰,亏损Nb、Ta、Ti、Y、Yb等高场强元素。稀土元素球粒陨石标准化配分模式为缓右倾型的模式,轻稀土相对富集,重稀土内部分馏不明显,具有微弱负Eu异常。大部分岩石具有高Sr低Y的特征,其中一些岩石具有adakite岩的特征。上述特征均指示弧火山岩的特征。结合构造环境判别认为该火山岩形成于与洋俯冲有关的环境。推测岩浆可能的源区为俯冲的洋壳、上覆的地幔楔、兴安弧的下地壳。 相似文献
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S. Viswanathan K. Surya Prakash Rao B. Mahabaleswar 《Journal of the Geological Society of India》2013,82(6):621-627
Komatiites are mantle-derived ultramafic volcanic rocks. Komatiites have been discovered in several States of India, notably in Karnataka. Studies on the distribution of trace-elements in the komatiites of India are very few. This paper proposes a simple, accurate, precise, rapid, and non-destructive wavelength-dispersive x-ray fluorescence (WDXRF) spectrometric technique for determining Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th in komatiites, and discusses the accuracy, precision, limits of detection, x-ray spectral-line interferences, inter-element effects, speed, advantages, and limitations of the technique. The accuracy of the technique is excellent (within 3%) for Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th and very good (within 4%) for Y. The precision is also excellent (within 3%) for Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th. The limits of detection are: 1 ppm for Sc and V; 2 ppm for Cr, Co, and Ni; 3 ppm for Cu, Zn, Rb, and Sr; 4 ppm for Y and Zr; 6 ppm for Nb; 10 ppm for Ba; 13 ppm for Pb; and 14 ppm for Th. The time taken for determining Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th in a batch of 24 samples of komatiites, for a replication of four analyses per sample, by one operator, using a manual WDXRF spectrometer, is only 60 hours. 相似文献
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奥地利安东帕有限公司 《岩矿测试》2009,28(3):306-306
最新的流行病学研究表明,空气中较高浓度的悬浮细颗粒可能对人类的健康有不利的影响。根据该项研究显示,由于心脏病、慢性呼吸问题和肺功能指标恶化而导致死亡率的升高与细尘粒子有关。这些研究结果已经促使欧盟于1999年4月出台了限制空气中二氧化硫、二氧化氮、氧化氮、铅和颗粒物含量的法案(1999/30/EC),对各项指标包括对可吸入PM10颗粒的浓度提出了新的限制性指标。PM10颗粒是指可以通过预分级器分离采集的气体动力学直径小于10μm的细颗粒。目前研究的兴趣重点逐步偏向PM2.5这些更细微颗粒物,PM2.5这种颗粒物对健康有明显的不利影响。在欧盟指令2008/50/EC中,对PM10和PM2.5都提 相似文献
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E. M. Prasolov S. A. Sergeev B. V. Belyatsky E. S. Bogomolov K. A. Gruzdov I. N. Kapitonov R. Sh. Krymsky V. O. Khalenev 《Geochemistry International》2018,56(1):46-64
This paper reports the first results of a study of 11 isotope systems (3He/4He, 40Ar/36Ar, 34S/32S, 65Cu/63Cu, 62Ni/60Ni, 87Sr/86Sr, 143Nd/144Nd, 206–208Pb/204Pb, Hf–Nd, U–Pb, and Re–Os) in the rocks and ores of the Cu–Ni–PGE deposits of the Norilsk ore district. Almost all the results were obtained at the Center of Isotopic Research of the Karpinskii All-Russia Research Institute of Geology. The use of a number of independent genetic isotopic signatures and comprehensive isotopic knowledge provided a methodic basis for the interpretation of approximately 5000 isotopic analyses of various elements. The presence of materials from two sources, crust and mantle, was detected in the composition of the rocks and ores. The contribution of the crustal source is especially significant in the paleofluids (gas–liquid microinclusions) of the ore-forming medium. Crustal solutions were probably a transport medium during ore formation. Air argon is dominant in the ores, which indicates a connection between the paleofluids and the atmosphere. This suggests intense groundwater circulation during the crystallization of ore minerals. The age of the rocks and ores of the Norilsk deposits was determined. The stage of orebody formation is restricted to a narrow age interval of 250 ± 10 Ma. An isotopic criterion was proposed for the ore-bearing potential of mafic intrusions in the Norilsk–Taimyr region. It includes several interrelated isotopic ratios of various elements: He, Ar, S, and others. 相似文献
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Mining induced subsidence can significantly affect mining costs where major surface facilities and natural environment need to be protected. Overburden grout injection is a technology used to control coal mine subsidence by injecting the mine waste material extracted from the coal back into the inter-burden rock during longwall mining. The flowing slurry is here categorised as a nonlinear viscous cohesive (Bingham plastic) fluid. During longwall mining the grout slurry is pumped into the separated beds of the rock mass through a central vertical borehole, which is drilled deep into the inter-burden rock strata above the coal seam. However, a blockage can occur in the injection system when the slurry velocity falls below a certain critical threshold velocity, indicating a material phase change from cohesive-viscous to cohesive-frictional. In situ field injection tests through boreholes have been simulated at a smaller scale at the CSIRO laboratory in Brisbane by pumping the slurry through a radial disk (gap = 4 mm) from its centre. Laboratory experiments indicate a general, nonlinear, cohesive, viscous, frictional model for shear behaviour of the slurry, in which the material shear parameters are functions of the disk radial distance. Complete dimensional and dimensionless analytical solutions have been developed based on an approach related to Bingham–Herschel–Bulkley fluid mechanics. The derived formulae include relations for minimum pump pressure, local pressure and pressure gradient, wall shear stress, volume rate, velocity and velocity gradient. The theoretical results match the experimental measurements. The experiments covered slurries with maximum particle sizes of 0.5 to 2 mm with about 50% being larger than 100 µm. The viscosities at the various solids concentrations were measured with a standard torsion viscometer. This study differs from the previous research in several distinct aspects, namely, consideration of the variable shear parameters rather than fixed values, inclusion of total nonlinear behaviour, and implementation of a friction function to mimic behaviour of the deposited and consolidating stiff slurry, which can cause a significant pressure rise as a result of the increased shear resistance. 相似文献
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Alexander E. C. Broberg J. S. Kehren A. R. Graziani M. M. Turri W. L. 《Environmental Geology》1993,22(4):353-361
Bellechester, Minnesota, is a small community of approximately 155 residents located on the county line between Goodhue and Wabasha counties in southeast Minnesota's karst region. Bellechester is served by a 21-year-old wastewater treatment facility (WWTF) consisting of three waste-stabilization ponds. On 28 April 1992 six sinkholes were discovered to have drained cell 2 of the WWTF resulting in the loss of approximately 8.7×106 1 of partially treated effluent and about 600 m3 of soil into previously undetected subsurface voids of unknown dimensions. In the week following the collapse, approximately 200 water wells located within a 5-km radius of the WWTF were sampled in an after-the-fact, emergency sampling program. Twelve samples with elevated fecal coliform levels, 18 samples with nitrate-nitrogen greater than the 10 mg/1 standard, and no samples with elevated chlorides were found. However, the elevated levels could not be unambiguously attributed to the WWTF collapse. This is the third WWTF to fail by sinkhole collapse in southeast Minnesota since 1974. All three collapsed lagoons have been located in similar geomorphic and stratigraphic settings. However, at least two lagoons have collapsed in the adjacent area in northeast Iowa, and these lagoons are located at different stratigraphic positions. Twenty-two WWTFs constructed in southeast Minnesota's karst region in the last 25 years have been identified as subject to potential sinkhole collapse. An unknown but significant number of manure storage lagoons, flood control structures, etc., have also been constructed in the karst region and are at risk. Public agencies are beginning to develop plans to deal with the risk associated with existing and future waste lagoons in this environment. The critical hydrogeologic parameters that can be used to prioritize the risk of collapse at existing facilities include: (1) the lithology of the first bedrock beneath each lagoon, (2) the thickness of surficial materials between the lagoon and the bedrock surface, (3) the presence and construction of liners (seepage rate), and (4) the proximity to existing sinkholes. 相似文献
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Mercury,arsenic, antimony,and selenium contents of sediment from the Kuskokwim River,Bethel, Alaska,USA 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
The Kuskokwim River at Bethel, Alaska, drains a major mercury-antimony metallogenic province in its upper reaches and tributaries. Bethel (population 4000) is situated on the Kuskokwim floodplain and also draws its water supply from wells located in river-deposited sediment. A boring through overbank and floodplain sediment has provided material to establish a baseline datum for sediment-hosted heavy metals. Mercury (total), arsenic, antimony, and selenium contents were determined; aluminum was also determined and used as normalizing factor. The contents of the heavy metals were relatively constant with depth and do not reflect any potential enrichment from upstream contaminant sources. 相似文献
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滇东南锡、银、铅、锌多金属矿床主要分布在个旧、白牛厂、都龙3个矿区,而滇东南较大的3个花岗岩体又分别出露在3个矿区或附近.花岗岩体均形成于燕山晚期,岩石化学、矿物成分相似,富含锡、银、铅、锌、钨、铜等成矿元素.矿床主金属元素组合与岩体之间的距离由远而近出现由锡、钨、(铍、铌、钽)→锡、钨、(铁)、铜、铟→锡、铅、锌、银、铟、(锑)有规律的变化.花岗岩浆是成矿物质来源和成矿热源.岩浆侵入初期使上覆地层隆起产生背斜(凹陷部位成向斜);同时使地层产生一系列裂隙、压性断层或层间断裂;岩浆侵入晚期,这些断层再次活动,表现为张性,岩浆产生的含矿热液沿由其活动所造成的断裂迁移、充填、交代、沉淀而形成矿床. 相似文献
20.
岩石密度和超高压岩石折返速率 总被引：1，自引：3，他引：1
在常温常压条件下对中国大陆科学钻CCSD主孔100-3000米岩心样品进行了密度测量,建立了密度连续剖面,并界定了不同超高压岩石的密度值。通过对比高温高压物性实验资料,岩石密度随着退变程度增强而降低,榴辉岩密度变化序列为3.52g/cm3→3.49g/cm3→3.07g/cm3→2.93g/cm3。超高压长英质岩石密度变化序列为3.00g/cm→2.80g/cm3→2.65g/cm3。上述实验资料是讨论不同折返阶段岩石所受浮力的基础,为研究折返速率大小提供了基本参数。本文通过折返板块运动平衡时,上浮力与粘滞力平衡这一关系式,定量研究了大陆俯冲板块的折返速率,认为密度差产生上浮力从而引起折返,温度对板块折返速率的影响最为显著;密度差大小、折返角度、折返板块大小对折返速率也有直接的影响。定量模拟分析表明,在温度高于850℃时,板块的折返速率可以超过100mm/a;当温度降至700℃时,折返速率则低于1.5mm/a。作者认为在折返早期,温度较高,板块快速折返至60-70km榴辉岩相深度;随着传导散热,温度降低,板块以较慢的速率折返至中下地壳。折返速率的估算表明,浮力是板块折返第一阶段(从>100km深部折返至<40km的中下地壳)的主要驱动力。 相似文献