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1.
《地球科学进展》2016,(5)
利用1960—2013年NCEP/NCAR逐日再分析资料和长江中下游地区164个气象站逐日降水资料,通过合成分析、小波分析和带通滤波等方法研究了夏季南亚高压低频振荡与长江中下游地区降水低频变化的关系。结果表明:在典型旱涝年,青藏高原200 h Pa高度上u,v低频主周期与长江中下游地区夏季降水主周期一致。在降水偏多的夏季,青藏高原—中国中东部—西太平洋沿岸上空,自西向东存在气旋—反气旋—气旋的低频波列,低频反气旋控制着我国东部地区,低频气旋控制着青藏高原北部地区;降水偏少年则相反。涝年长江中下游地区低频降水与200 h Pa青藏高原大气低频变化密切相关,当青藏高原东北部及长江中下游地区北风偏强、贝加尔湖地区南风偏强时,降水偏多;反之则偏少。这种低频振荡波列的传播主要是由中国东北北部—日本南部向中国西南方向频散传播。然而,在旱年两者关系不明确,需做更进一步的研究。 相似文献
2.
对中国北方243个站点1958—2009年逐月降水资料,采用小波分析和奇异谱分析(SSA)方法,在分4区基础上,对北方不同地区降水的周期和趋势进行分析,并进行比较。结果表明,西北地区(青海区、干旱区)降水的趋势性比北方中、东部区的明显。北方中、东部区在20世纪50年代末到60年代相对多雨,而青海区、干旱区在20世纪50年代末到70年代末或80年代中相对少雨。在20世纪80年代,北方中部区降水由偏多转为偏少,而其余3个区域(北方东部区、青海区、干旱区)的降水由偏少转为偏多,发生和持续时间各不相同。近几年,北方东部区、北方中部区、青海区的降水增加,而干旱区降水下降。北方东部区、中部区、干旱区存在10年以上的长周期,北方东部区为准22年,北方中部区为准15年,干旱区为准11年,这种长周期在20世纪80年代之后变得规则且稳定。北方降水普遍存在准2～3年周期和准5年周期,其振幅有明显的年际、年代际变化,具有一定的周期性。 相似文献
3.
黄河中游水资源匮乏,分析水文要素变化趋势对实现水资源的可持续开发利用具有重要意义。根据流域地貌特征及水文站控制情况,将黄河中游划分为3个区间,分别为:河-龙区间、龙-三区间和三-花区间,采用Mann-Kendall秩次相关检验法与线性回归方法,分析检验了各区间年径流量的历史变化趋势。采用设定情景与水文模拟相结合的途径,评估了不同区间河川径流量对气候变化的响应。根据1950-2005年资料分析,结果表明:黄河中游干流控制站实测径流量与区间径流量均具有显著的减少趋势。若气温升高1℃,年径流量将减少3.7%~6.6%;河川径流对降水变化更为敏感,若降水减少10%,河川径流量将减少17%~22%;近些年黄河中游气温升高和降水减少是河川径流减少的重要原因之一。 相似文献
4.
利用可变下渗容量(Variable Infiltration Capacity,VIC)模型,在海河流域选取了6个典型流域来率定VIC模型的参数。通过模型参数移植技术,建立了全流域的径流模拟平台。根据假定的气候变化情景,分析了海河流域河川径流对气候变化的响应机理。结果表明:在年平均气温升高2℃时,海河流域的径流量将减少6.5%;当年降水量增加或者减少10%时,海河流域的径流量将分别增加26%和减少23%;当汛期降水占年降水量的比例分别增加或者减少10%时,全流域的径流量将会增加12%或者减少7%;在空间上,在年平均气温升高和年降水量变化的情景下,海河流域西北部的河川径流比东南部更敏感;在降水年内分配变化的情景下,海河流域东南部的河川径流比西北部更敏感。总体上,年降水量越大,径流量对降水量的敏感性越小,对平均气温的敏感性也越小,而对降水年内分配的敏感性越大。 相似文献
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2013年青海北部春季旱涝急转的特征及其成因分析 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
利用1961-2013年3-5月的逐日降水、气温和高度环流场资料, 计算了月季降水、气温序列、气象干旱指数序列、高原地面加热场强度指数序列, 研究了春季旱涝急转的主要特征及其规律, 解释了2013年青海省春季降水前期偏少、后期偏多和旱涝急转的成因. 结果表明: 2013年3月1日-4月27日青海大部分地区降水偏少、气温偏高, 出现了大范围不同程度的气象干旱, 海北大部分地区出现50 a一遇的特大气象干旱, 西宁大部分地区出现25 a一遇的严重气象干旱; 4月28日-5月20日青海大部分地区降水偏多, 气温偏高幅度开始逐步减小, 前期的干旱得到缓解, 并出现了大范围不同程度的渍涝, 旱涝急转的台站达21个. 通过对比分析发现, 若极涡面积偏小、中亚和西亚低压槽维持时间长、冷空气主要在欧洲东部和亚洲西部地区堆积、进入中国的冷空气路径偏西、高原位势高度场偏低、东亚槽位置偏东、西太平洋副热带高压北界位置偏北时, 青海降水偏多, 容易出现渍涝. 在相反的环流形势下, 青海降水偏少, 容易发生干旱. 4月干旱和5月渍涝处在青海高原降水长期变化的大气候背景之下, 前期1-3月青藏高原地面加热场强度偏强、春夏季过渡时间提前也有助于青海5月异常降水的形成. 相似文献
6.
《地球科学进展》2016,(9)
利用1901—2010年GPCC逐月降水、Had ISST月平均海表温度、NOAA 20世纪再分析等资料,采用最大协方差分析(Maximum Covariance Analysis,MCA)、相关、回归等方法研究了东亚地区夏季降水与全球海表温度异常之间的年代际时空变化关系。MCA分析结果表明,东亚地区夏季降水与全球海温异常耦合关系在年代际尺度上主要表现为4个模态,分别受全球变暖、太平洋年代际涛动PDO、大西洋多年代际涛动AMO和北太平洋涡旋振荡NPGO影响,各自解释了27.7%,12.5%,8.9%和7.3%的方差。第一模态由于受全球变暖影响,东亚大部分地区水汽充足,因此东亚大部分地区降水均偏多。第二模态的降水异常表现为东亚中部地区降水偏多而南部和北部偏少的"南北旱中间涝"的三极型分布,其可能原因是太平洋年代际涛动使得东亚夏季风减弱,不利于水汽往北输送,引起水汽在东亚中部聚集,导致该地区降水偏多;同时西风带往南偏移,使得东亚中部地区对流增强,也引起该地区降水偏多。第三模态的降水异常则主要为"南涝北旱"的偶极分布型,可能原因是东亚大槽向东南方向偏移,东亚北部西风带减弱,使得东亚北部对流减弱、降水偏少,而东亚南部地区则对流增强、降水偏多。第四模态降水异常呈现出"南北涝中间旱"的三极型分布特征,其原因是东亚中部地区高层出现异常东风,对流活动减弱,导致东亚中部降水偏少,而南部和北部地区降水偏多。 相似文献
7.
用树木年轮重建天山中部近350年来的降水量 总被引：17，自引：5，他引：17
单相关普查表明，乌鲁木齐河谷树轮年表与上年7月至当年2月降水相关显著，西白杨沟及波尔钦沟两个树轮差值年可较好地重建出天山中部近350a来该时段的降水量，解释方差达62％，经用统计参数，独立降水资料，历史气候记载，冰川及其它资料多方面验证，表明近350年的降水重建序列是可信的，降水特征分析指出，天山中部降水可划分出3个偏湿期（1671（？）－1692年，1716－1794年，1825－1866年）和3个干期（1693－1715年，1795－1824年，1867－1969年），其后两个偏湿期与乌鲁木齐河源1号冰川前的第二，第三道络碛垄相对应，经推算，相应年降水量比现今分别偏多约59mm及30mm，天山中部上年7月至当年2月的降水具有5，10，53－54，3．7及3．3年的变化准周期，在1716－1969年间存在着明显的变干趋势，并在1831年发生过突变，重建降水序列对乌鲁木齐，昌吉州天山北坡一带的降水具有较好的代表性。 相似文献
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气候变化对天山北坡奎屯河高山区地表径流的影响 总被引：4，自引：2，他引：2
采用奎屯河流域的乌苏、沙湾气象站1960—2009年50 a来的气温、降水量资料和奎屯河将军庙水文站的降水量、径流量资料,分析了气温、降水、冰川等变化对奎屯河出山口地表径流的影响.结果表明:将军庙水文站年降水变化与径流量呈显著正相关;尽管气温呈上升趋势,但年径流与平原地区和出山口的气温相关不很密切,气温可通过影响蒸发增加山区消耗水量,减少径流.然而,气温变暖会加剧冰雪消融,使冰川退缩变薄,特别是消耗冰川积累量来增加河川径流.在奎屯河出山口地表年径流量中,与20世纪80年代相比,冰川径流增加了5.7%,多年平均情况下消耗冰川积累的融水径流约占冰川径流的30%.同时,随气候变化的极值化,要注意高山地区降水减少和汛期气温降低引起河川径流减少,降水、气温高值引起的年径流增大与洪水危害,以及引起河川径流的年际变幅增大,并对水利工程造成的影响.有关气候变化对河川径流定量预测有待今后进一步探讨. 相似文献
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对50年代以来沂沭泗流域汛期降水特征以及降水偏多可能对流域造成的影响进行了分析。结果表明,当流域汛期降水量偏多2成以上时,流域有较大可能出现大洪水或较大洪水。 相似文献
11.
Guboglo M. N. 《GeoJournal》1980,4(1):53-58
International unity is becoming ever stronger in this country owing to an increasing similarity in the development of the cultural environment. This comprises the provision of all the country's republics with a sufficient number of schools, theatres, and other institutions and cultural information media in accordance with the needs of the population. An important part is played by the rise in ‘the general educational level, as well as the level of professional qualifications and skills. Among all the Soviet nations and nationalities, this rise being more rapid among formerly backward peoples. Prominent among the factors of internationalization is the progressive development of the nationalities’ cultural resources, while professional culture is being increasingly brought within the reach of the masses.The implementation of the nationalities policy promotes the all-round development of all Soviet nations and nationalities, their drawing together, the upsurge of the individual capabilities of every Soviet citizen. 相似文献
12.
Jiayu Rong Michael Melchin S. Henry Williams Tatyana N. Koren Jacques Verniers 《《幕》》2008,31(3):315-318
The Global Stratotype Section and Point （GSSP） for the base of the Silurian System was defined in 1985. Since that time, a number of researchers have suggested that this section has serious deficiencies for use as a GSSP. As a result, in 2000, the Subcommission on Silurian Stratigraphy （SSS） proposed undertaking a formal restu@ of this GSSP, which was subsequently approved by the International Commission of Stratigraphy （ICS）. The result of this restudy was the formal proposal that the current GSSP, at 1.6 m above the base of the Birkhill Shale, at Dob＇s Linn, Scotland, should be maintained as the same locality and stratigraphic level, but the bios- tratigraphical definition of the boundary should be revised. The previously defined, basal Silurian grapto- lite zone, the Parakidograptus acuminatus Zone, should be subdivided into a lower Akidograptus ascensus Zone and a higher E acuminatus Zone. The base of the A. ascensus Zone, marked by the first appearance of A. ascensus, should be regarded as the biostratigraphic mark for the base of the Silurian. This proposal has now been formally approved by the SSS and ICS, and ratified by International Union of Geological Sciences. This is the first GSSP to undergo formal restudy and redefini- tion, and the proposal also included a recommended procedure for restudy of GSSPs. 相似文献
13.
Deviation of the major axis of the inertia ellipsoid of the Moon from the direction toward the Earth
B. P. Kondratyev 《Astronomy Reports》2017,61(8):709-714
It is known from observations that the center of mass of the Moon does not coincide with the geometric center of its figure, and the line connecting these two centers is not aligned with the direction toward the center of the Earth, instead deviating toward the Southeast. This stationary deviation of the axis of the inertia ellipsoid of the Moon to the South of the direction toward the Earth is analyzed. A system of five linear differential equations describing the physical libration of the Moon in latitude is considered, and these equations are derived using a new vector method taking into account perturbations from the Earth and partly from the Sun. The characteristic equation of this system is obtained, and all five oscillation frequencies are found. Special attention is paid to the fifth (zero) frequency, for which the solution of the latitude libration equations are stationary and represents a previously unknown additional motion of the rotational axis of theMoon in a cone with a small opening angle. In contrast to the astronomical precession of the Earth, the rotation of the angular-velocity vector is in the positive direction (counter-clockwise), with the period T 3 = 27.32 days. On this basis, this phenomenon has been named “quasi-precession.” This quasi-precession leads to a stationary inclination of the major axis of the inertia ellipsoid of theMoon to the South (for an observer on Earth), making it possible to explain one component of the observed deviation of the center of mass of the Moon from the direction toward the Earth. The opening angle of the quasiprecession cone is approximately 0.834″. 相似文献
14.
东濮凹陷北部沙三中亚段广泛发育盐岩和烃源岩,这两个看似不能共存的物质却在这里互层共生。该时期研究区沉积特征为多盐韵律与多层烃源岩互层共生、连续沉积,单个盐韵律厚度从几米到十几米,烃源岩有机质丰度高、类型好。平面上,两者在湖盆沉积沉降中心共生;垂向上,高有机质丰度、好干酪根类型与高盐度地层具有较好的对应关系。因而成为恢复古气候和古环境的重要研究对象。通过岩石学、古生物学以及Sr/Ba、B/Ga、(V+Ni+Mn)、Fe/Mn、Sr/Cu、Mg/Ca、V/(V+Ni)、稀土元素含量和氯同位素等方法对凹陷北部沙三中亚段的沉积环境进行研究。结果表明,凹陷北部沙三中亚段为深水沉积的还原环境,古盐度较高,达到半咸水-咸水沉积;微量元素和孢粉化石特征表明研究区沙三中亚段为温暖潮湿的环境。 相似文献
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Important tendencies in development of the world mineral-resources sector at the beginning of the 21st century were an increase in production and consumption of mineral materials differentiated by types of metals and nonmetallic mineral raw materials, by countries and regions, as well as the concentration of the production of mineral raw materials in a small number of countries, and a reduction in industrial reserves of minerals in the world economy, even at the current stage of their extraction. These tendencies should be taken into account in working out a strategy for development of the Russian mineral raw-material base. 相似文献
18.
Fouad N. Ibrahim Dr. 《GeoJournal》1988,17(1):133-141
Taking the example of W Sudan, an analysis of the climatic incidents leading to the two recent famine disasters is made. On this natural background, the human side is investigated. Focus is directed towards the fragile economic structure of the famine-prone population groups. An early-warning system for famine in the Sahelian Zone is proposed taking grain production and storage, livestock development and the relationship between the prices of livestock and grain as major indicators. 相似文献
19.
郯庐断裂南段研究进展与断裂性质讨论 总被引：13，自引：3，他引：13
据1：5万区域地质调查和专题研究资料，就郯庐断裂带是否南延与消失的原因，其与大别—苏鲁造山带交截形成的假位错效应，以及与中新生代沉积盆地形成演化的关系等作了新的阐述。在此基础上，讨论了郯庐断裂带是否为巨大的左行平移断层或转换断层。认为郯庐断裂带可能是在“古郯庐带”的基础上于早侏罗世重新活动、白垩纪强烈活动的地堑型枢纽断裂带。 相似文献
20.
The Importance of the Precipitation and the Susceptibility of the Slopes for the Triggering of Landslides Along the Roads 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
Clemente Irigaray Francisco Lamas Rachid El Hamdouni Tomás Fernández José Chacón 《Natural Hazards》2000,21(1):65-81
In order to characterise the influence of the heavyrains on the observed landslides during the 1996–1997hydrological cycle, rainfall records for the last 100years are analysed from 104 stations in easternAndalusia. Regarding the amounts of rain recordedbetween October 1996 and March 1997 in the 104stations studied, 31 presented new all-time records;15 presented values that were 80–100% of thepre-1995 record; 49 stations, 80–50%; and 9stations, < 50%. A map has been devised of thesusceptibility of the materials through which thesouth-eastern Andalusian road network crosses,together with an inventory of the damage caused byinstability phenomena on banks and cuttings of theroad network during the winter of 1996–1997. Therelationships between the rainfall during the studyperiod, the damage caused to the road network and thesusceptibility of the materials affected are analysed.The results indicate that there is a clearcorrespondence between the rainfall recorded and thesusceptibility of the materials with the inventorieddamage. It is concluded that the widespread seriousdamage caused in early 1997 to the roads andsurrounding areas in the Alpujarra region and thecoast of the Province of Granada was mainly caused bythe extraordinarily heavy rains. However, considerablyless damage was observed where the susceptibility ofthe terrain is low, thus highlighting the extremeusefulness of terrain-susceptibility maps for riskprevention and territorial planning. 相似文献