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《矿物学报》2018,(6)
铅锌属于紧缺资源之一,"湘西—黔东铅锌成矿带"是我国重要铅锌成矿带之一,贵州境内部分称为"黔东成矿带",该区铅锌矿床(点)分布广泛,具有成群成带分布等特征。由于相关地质地球化学研究相对薄弱,黔东地区铅锌地质勘探进展缓慢,并未像湘西地区一样取得重大突破。本文通过总结"黔东成矿带"内铅锌成矿作用地质与地球化学特征,探讨该区存在的诸多科学研究薄弱环节,结合MVT铅锌矿床研究现状,提出该区铅锌成矿作用与MVT矿床基本一致,是国内研究MVT铅锌矿床理想基地,采用原位分析等先进测试技术,加强矿床地质地球化学特征对比、成矿物质来源、成矿流体和同位素定年等研究,以揭示各矿区与区域成矿流体系统的性质及其演化,建立合理成矿模式及与研究区构造和古油藏演化的关系,并探讨其形成的动力学背景,不仅突出黔东MVT铅锌成矿作用特色,从而促进MVT铅锌矿成矿作用和分散元素超常富集理论发展,更重要的是可为拓宽黔东地区铅锌找矿思路提供理论依据。 相似文献
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花垣矿集区位于我国湘西-黔东成矿带,作为世界级的超大型铅锌矿床之一,预测储量超过千万吨,位于花垣矿集区中部渔塘矿田的柔先山铅锌矿床是区内典型的铅锌矿床.采用闪锌矿Rb-Sr分相法获得了柔先山铅锌矿床的Rb-Sr等时线年龄为412±6 Ma（MSWD=1.5,初始86Sr/87Sr=0.709 32）,地质时代为早泥盆世,这一年龄限定了花垣地区铅锌矿床的时代.柔先山矿床的铅锌矿矿石流体包裹体、Sr-S-Pb同位素示踪研究显示,成矿流体可能是地层封存水与后期迁移流体的混合,成矿元素中的铅主要来源于围岩,硫由赋矿层位之上的含膏岩层经历热化学还原过程供给,铅和锶同位素特征都指示上地壳来源. 相似文献
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黔西北成矿区为川滇黔接壤矿集区的重要组成部分之一,但该地区以往未见有大型以上铅锌矿的报道。近些年来,贵州科技工作者在五指山地区取得重大的找矿突破,发现多个大中型铅锌矿床,提交铅锌金属资源量超过250万吨。为了使地质工作者更好地认识该矿田铅锌矿成矿作用,并为研究区及邻区找矿预测提供理论依据,本文系统总结五指山地区铅锌矿近些年的研究进展,并与川滇黔与湘西-黔东地区铅锌矿床从地质、地球化学以及成矿时代进行对比,尝试探讨五指山地区铅锌矿成矿带归属。地质和地球化学的综合研究表明,五指山地区的铅锌矿床的成矿物质主要来源于变质基底,水岩反应作用致使围岩贡献了少量的成矿物质,成矿流体具有多源性,主要为低温、中高盐度的卤水,可能混入少量的地层水,矿床成因类型属于MVT型铅锌矿床。年代学数据揭示,五指山地区铅锌矿成矿时代为(458.2±2.9) Ma,可能与武夷—云开陆内造山事件有关,暗示湘西—黔东地区同时代的铅锌成矿作用可能延伸到该地区。通过系统的地质和地球化学对比发现,五指山矿田内铅锌矿床与川滇黔接壤地区典型的铅锌矿床存在差异明显,而与湘西—黔东铅锌成矿带内典型矿床相似,故暂将其划分到该成矿带。 相似文献
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湘西北地区铅锌矿床成矿地质特征及矿床成因研究 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
湘西北铅锌矿带属于中国16个重点成矿区带之湘西-鄂西成矿带的南西段,区内成矿地质条件优越,形成保靖、洛塔、花垣渔塘、凤凰4个矿田。文章在野外考察和室内研究的基础上,以洛塔矿田中的下光荣、江家垭等铅锌矿床、花垣渔塘矿田中的李梅铅锌矿床为例,从地层、岩性、构造等分析入手,采用同位素测试、包裹体分析等手段,对湘西北铅锌矿带的成矿地质特征及成矿机制进行了探讨,认为区内成矿物质主要来源于寒武纪地层,成矿作用过程中,油田卤水在构造作用下的大规模运移、循环,导致了成矿物质的富集和沉淀,主要成矿时代为加里东期。 相似文献
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《矿物学报》2018,(6)
湘西—黔东铅锌成矿带是我国重要铅锌资源基地之一,凯里—都匀地区是该成矿带贵州境内中铅锌分布最为集中区域,其铅锌矿床(点)成群成带分布。由于相关地质地球化学研究程度较低、矿床成因认识不清等因素造成该区铅锌地质勘探尚未有较大突破。本文总结了该区铅锌矿化特征、铅锌资源潜力和控矿因素等,认为今后地质勘探提供思路和依据。研究表明,凯里-都匀地区铅锌矿床与典型MVT铅锌矿床地质地球化学特征基本一致,地层岩性(下寒武统清虚洞组白云岩)和构造(背斜和NE向断层)是最重要控矿因素,Pb、Zn地球化学异常是重要找矿标志之一,牛角塘地区、独牛背斜核部和龙井街—柏松地区是该区有利铅锌找矿靶区。 相似文献
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S. Viswanathan K. Surya Prakash Rao B. Mahabaleswar 《Journal of the Geological Society of India》2013,82(6):621-627
Komatiites are mantle-derived ultramafic volcanic rocks. Komatiites have been discovered in several States of India, notably in Karnataka. Studies on the distribution of trace-elements in the komatiites of India are very few. This paper proposes a simple, accurate, precise, rapid, and non-destructive wavelength-dispersive x-ray fluorescence (WDXRF) spectrometric technique for determining Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th in komatiites, and discusses the accuracy, precision, limits of detection, x-ray spectral-line interferences, inter-element effects, speed, advantages, and limitations of the technique. The accuracy of the technique is excellent (within 3%) for Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th and very good (within 4%) for Y. The precision is also excellent (within 3%) for Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th. The limits of detection are: 1 ppm for Sc and V; 2 ppm for Cr, Co, and Ni; 3 ppm for Cu, Zn, Rb, and Sr; 4 ppm for Y and Zr; 6 ppm for Nb; 10 ppm for Ba; 13 ppm for Pb; and 14 ppm for Th. The time taken for determining Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th in a batch of 24 samples of komatiites, for a replication of four analyses per sample, by one operator, using a manual WDXRF spectrometer, is only 60 hours. 相似文献
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E. M. Prasolov S. A. Sergeev B. V. Belyatsky E. S. Bogomolov K. A. Gruzdov I. N. Kapitonov R. Sh. Krymsky V. O. Khalenev 《Geochemistry International》2018,56(1):46-64
This paper reports the first results of a study of 11 isotope systems (3He/4He, 40Ar/36Ar, 34S/32S, 65Cu/63Cu, 62Ni/60Ni, 87Sr/86Sr, 143Nd/144Nd, 206–208Pb/204Pb, Hf–Nd, U–Pb, and Re–Os) in the rocks and ores of the Cu–Ni–PGE deposits of the Norilsk ore district. Almost all the results were obtained at the Center of Isotopic Research of the Karpinskii All-Russia Research Institute of Geology. The use of a number of independent genetic isotopic signatures and comprehensive isotopic knowledge provided a methodic basis for the interpretation of approximately 5000 isotopic analyses of various elements. The presence of materials from two sources, crust and mantle, was detected in the composition of the rocks and ores. The contribution of the crustal source is especially significant in the paleofluids (gas–liquid microinclusions) of the ore-forming medium. Crustal solutions were probably a transport medium during ore formation. Air argon is dominant in the ores, which indicates a connection between the paleofluids and the atmosphere. This suggests intense groundwater circulation during the crystallization of ore minerals. The age of the rocks and ores of the Norilsk deposits was determined. The stage of orebody formation is restricted to a narrow age interval of 250 ± 10 Ma. An isotopic criterion was proposed for the ore-bearing potential of mafic intrusions in the Norilsk–Taimyr region. It includes several interrelated isotopic ratios of various elements: He, Ar, S, and others. 相似文献
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奥地利安东帕有限公司 《岩矿测试》2009,28(3):306-306
最新的流行病学研究表明,空气中较高浓度的悬浮细颗粒可能对人类的健康有不利的影响。根据该项研究显示,由于心脏病、慢性呼吸问题和肺功能指标恶化而导致死亡率的升高与细尘粒子有关。这些研究结果已经促使欧盟于1999年4月出台了限制空气中二氧化硫、二氧化氮、氧化氮、铅和颗粒物含量的法案(1999/30/EC),对各项指标包括对可吸入PM10颗粒的浓度提出了新的限制性指标。PM10颗粒是指可以通过预分级器分离采集的气体动力学直径小于10μm的细颗粒。目前研究的兴趣重点逐步偏向PM2.5这些更细微颗粒物,PM2.5这种颗粒物对健康有明显的不利影响。在欧盟指令2008/50/EC中,对PM10和PM2.5都提 相似文献
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Mining induced subsidence can significantly affect mining costs where major surface facilities and natural environment need to be protected. Overburden grout injection is a technology used to control coal mine subsidence by injecting the mine waste material extracted from the coal back into the inter-burden rock during longwall mining. The flowing slurry is here categorised as a nonlinear viscous cohesive (Bingham plastic) fluid. During longwall mining the grout slurry is pumped into the separated beds of the rock mass through a central vertical borehole, which is drilled deep into the inter-burden rock strata above the coal seam. However, a blockage can occur in the injection system when the slurry velocity falls below a certain critical threshold velocity, indicating a material phase change from cohesive-viscous to cohesive-frictional. In situ field injection tests through boreholes have been simulated at a smaller scale at the CSIRO laboratory in Brisbane by pumping the slurry through a radial disk (gap = 4 mm) from its centre. Laboratory experiments indicate a general, nonlinear, cohesive, viscous, frictional model for shear behaviour of the slurry, in which the material shear parameters are functions of the disk radial distance. Complete dimensional and dimensionless analytical solutions have been developed based on an approach related to Bingham–Herschel–Bulkley fluid mechanics. The derived formulae include relations for minimum pump pressure, local pressure and pressure gradient, wall shear stress, volume rate, velocity and velocity gradient. The theoretical results match the experimental measurements. The experiments covered slurries with maximum particle sizes of 0.5 to 2 mm with about 50% being larger than 100 µm. The viscosities at the various solids concentrations were measured with a standard torsion viscometer. This study differs from the previous research in several distinct aspects, namely, consideration of the variable shear parameters rather than fixed values, inclusion of total nonlinear behaviour, and implementation of a friction function to mimic behaviour of the deposited and consolidating stiff slurry, which can cause a significant pressure rise as a result of the increased shear resistance. 相似文献
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Alexander E. C. Broberg J. S. Kehren A. R. Graziani M. M. Turri W. L. 《Environmental Geology》1993,22(4):353-361
Bellechester, Minnesota, is a small community of approximately 155 residents located on the county line between Goodhue and Wabasha counties in southeast Minnesota's karst region. Bellechester is served by a 21-year-old wastewater treatment facility (WWTF) consisting of three waste-stabilization ponds. On 28 April 1992 six sinkholes were discovered to have drained cell 2 of the WWTF resulting in the loss of approximately 8.7×106 1 of partially treated effluent and about 600 m3 of soil into previously undetected subsurface voids of unknown dimensions. In the week following the collapse, approximately 200 water wells located within a 5-km radius of the WWTF were sampled in an after-the-fact, emergency sampling program. Twelve samples with elevated fecal coliform levels, 18 samples with nitrate-nitrogen greater than the 10 mg/1 standard, and no samples with elevated chlorides were found. However, the elevated levels could not be unambiguously attributed to the WWTF collapse. This is the third WWTF to fail by sinkhole collapse in southeast Minnesota since 1974. All three collapsed lagoons have been located in similar geomorphic and stratigraphic settings. However, at least two lagoons have collapsed in the adjacent area in northeast Iowa, and these lagoons are located at different stratigraphic positions. Twenty-two WWTFs constructed in southeast Minnesota's karst region in the last 25 years have been identified as subject to potential sinkhole collapse. An unknown but significant number of manure storage lagoons, flood control structures, etc., have also been constructed in the karst region and are at risk. Public agencies are beginning to develop plans to deal with the risk associated with existing and future waste lagoons in this environment. The critical hydrogeologic parameters that can be used to prioritize the risk of collapse at existing facilities include: (1) the lithology of the first bedrock beneath each lagoon, (2) the thickness of surficial materials between the lagoon and the bedrock surface, (3) the presence and construction of liners (seepage rate), and (4) the proximity to existing sinkholes. 相似文献
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岩石密度和超高压岩石折返速率 总被引：1，自引：3，他引：1
在常温常压条件下对中国大陆科学钻CCSD主孔100-3000米岩心样品进行了密度测量,建立了密度连续剖面,并界定了不同超高压岩石的密度值。通过对比高温高压物性实验资料,岩石密度随着退变程度增强而降低,榴辉岩密度变化序列为3.52g/cm3→3.49g/cm3→3.07g/cm3→2.93g/cm3。超高压长英质岩石密度变化序列为3.00g/cm→2.80g/cm3→2.65g/cm3。上述实验资料是讨论不同折返阶段岩石所受浮力的基础,为研究折返速率大小提供了基本参数。本文通过折返板块运动平衡时,上浮力与粘滞力平衡这一关系式,定量研究了大陆俯冲板块的折返速率,认为密度差产生上浮力从而引起折返,温度对板块折返速率的影响最为显著;密度差大小、折返角度、折返板块大小对折返速率也有直接的影响。定量模拟分析表明,在温度高于850℃时,板块的折返速率可以超过100mm/a;当温度降至700℃时,折返速率则低于1.5mm/a。作者认为在折返早期,温度较高,板块快速折返至60-70km榴辉岩相深度;随着传导散热,温度降低,板块以较慢的速率折返至中下地壳。折返速率的估算表明,浮力是板块折返第一阶段(从>100km深部折返至<40km的中下地壳)的主要驱动力。 相似文献
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Mercury,arsenic, antimony,and selenium contents of sediment from the Kuskokwim River,Bethel, Alaska,USA 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
The Kuskokwim River at Bethel, Alaska, drains a major mercury-antimony metallogenic province in its upper reaches and tributaries. Bethel (population 4000) is situated on the Kuskokwim floodplain and also draws its water supply from wells located in river-deposited sediment. A boring through overbank and floodplain sediment has provided material to establish a baseline datum for sediment-hosted heavy metals. Mercury (total), arsenic, antimony, and selenium contents were determined; aluminum was also determined and used as normalizing factor. The contents of the heavy metals were relatively constant with depth and do not reflect any potential enrichment from upstream contaminant sources. 相似文献