首页 | 本学科首页   官方微博 | 高级检索  
相似文献
 共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 31 毫秒
1.
Chronological analyses of correlations between certain global repeating events (mass extinctions of marine organisms, meteorite impacts, and flashes in the frequency of geomagnetic reversals) during the Phanerozoic Eon and the motion of the solar system in the Galaxy are presented for five rotationally symmetrical models for the regular Galactic gravitational field. Thirteen of sixteen mass-extinction events can be described by a repetition interval of 183±3 million years. This is in agreement with the anomalistic period (interval between two subsequent passages of the Sun through the apocenter of its Galactic orbit) in the model of Allen and Martos. The positions of the minima and maxima in Gaussian functions approximating the frequency distribution for geomagnetic reversals also agree with the times of passage of the Sun through the apocenter and pericenter, respectively, of its Galactic orbit in this model. The maximum in the distribution of the deviations of the dates of mass extinctions from the nearest dates of impacts of large, crater-forming bodies is close to zero, providing evidence that many such events are correlated. As a rule, extinctions follow impact events. The impacts of large bodies have occurred most often when the solar system passes through the Galactic plane, while mass extinctions occur more often at some distance from the Galactic plane (about 40 pc). As a rule, intervals of increases in the frequency of geomagnetic reversals coincide with dates of impacts of large bodies. At the same time, these intervals do not show a clear correlation with the dates of mass extinctions. The intensity of mass extinctions, like the energy released by impacts, is consistently higher in periods when the Sun is moving from the apocenter toward the pericenter of its orbit, than when it is moving from the pericenter toward the apocenter. Thus, there is evidence for a variety of relationships between repeating global events in the Phanerozoic and the motion of the Sun in the Galaxy. Long-period variations in the frequency of geomagnetic reversals are correlated with the orbital motion of the Sun, and increases in the frequency of geomagnetic reversals are correlated with impacts. Mass extinctions are correlated with the impacts of large bodies, whose motions may have been perturbed by clouds of interstellar material concentrated toward the Galactic plane and by the shock front associated with the Perseus spiral arm, through which the solar system passes. The velocity of the Sun relative to the spiral pattern is estimated.  相似文献   

2.
通过2 0 0 4年度各相关图幅的大力工作,在基础地质、矿产和资源等方面取得了大量实际材料,综合研究区域构造地层格架、青藏高原地质图和青藏高原南部火山岩及其地球动力学意义等,取得重要进展和新认识,在矿产资源、旅游和人文景观等方面也取得重要阶段性成果。  相似文献   

3.
The significant role of the drainage area’s geological background in the formation of the groundwater runoff in the active water-exchange zone was revealed for the first time on the basis of long-term observations of streams of the Upper Kolyma River region during the autumn-winter low-water period, when the rivers are fed only by the groundwater recharge. The analysis of all the available data made it possible to define the characteristic periods in the autumn-winter low-water season. The waters of the seasonally thawed layer play the dominant role in the river’s recharge in September; the suprapermafrost water, in January; and the subgelisol water (nonfreezing water streams) during the 30-day-long period of the minimal flow. The quantitative parameters of the groundwater runoff corresponding to its module during this period reflect the water influx to the active water-exchange zone. It is established that the latter is minimal in the In’yali-Debin synclinorium, which consists of sedimentary rocks formed in deepwater trough environments. Their subsequent transformation proceeded under the action of subduction-accretionary and shear strains. The water availability in the active water-exchange in the Ayan-Yuryakh anticlinorium zone is substantially higher, although the Late Paleozoic and Early Mesozoic sedimentary formations of this area were also deposited in deepwater trough settings, but their subsequent evolution was related to the uplift of the anticlinorium. The maximal watering is observed in the active water-exchange zone of the Omulevka terrane, which is composed of Paleozoic terrigenous-carbonate and carbonate formations. The differences in the hydrogeological regimes of the terranes may be significant with respect to their geoecology.  相似文献   

4.
国际埃迪卡拉系年代地层学研究进展与发展趋势   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
埃迪卡拉系为国际地层表新增的新元古界最上部的系级年代地层单位,层型剖面被确定为南澳大利亚弗林德斯山脉依诺拉马河剖面,其底界点位(GSSP)选定为埃拉逖那冰成杂砾岩(Elatina diamictite)之上盖帽碳酸盐岩努卡利那组(Nuccaleena Formation)的下界(Gradstein et al.,2004;Knoll et al.,2004)。我国修定后的震旦系与埃迪卡拉系完全相当,底界以南沱冰碛岩之上盖帽碳酸盐岩的下界为界。本文综合国际地层委员会新元古代地层分会以及相关国家和地区近年来在埃迪卡拉系年代地层学领域研究的新进展、存在问题以及未来发展趋势作一概要介绍,以期引起国内晚前寒武纪地层古生物学者的广泛关注。  相似文献   

5.
6.
生物活动在吉林东南部寒武纪沉积铜形成过程中的作用   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
常建平  杨吉 《世界地质》2001,20(4):339-343
吉林东南部寒武纪沉积铜主要为沉积和后期热液改造综合作用的产物。它们在形成过程中,生物活动起了很大的作用,生物直接成因标志和间接成因迹象在本区都有体现。前者主要表现在由藻类群落形成的有机质胶体和胶团中聚集了大量的黄铜矿和黄铁矿颗粒,草莓状构造即为其典型构造之一。后者则为由生物形成的有机酸在通过红色矿源层时形成可溶性有机铜盐,并运移到适当部位富集起来,形成具一定程度的矿化现象。“圈闭构造”在形成本区这类矿化现象中起到了十分重要的作用。  相似文献   

7.
综合运用钻井、测井、地震等资料,将黄骅坳陷目前的勘探热点地区——歧北次凹的主要勘探目的层段,即沙一下亚段划分为4个四级层序和8个五级层序,建立了沙一下亚段高精度层序地层格架。结合属性提取和测井约束反演等地球物理方法技术,在高精度层序地层格架约束下对歧北次凹目标层内单个地质体进行多层次多角度的精细刻画,研究其空间展布,并剖析其内部结构特征,分析地质体的控制因素。研究发现:物源供给、断裂陡坡带及断裂转换带对地质体的发育具有重要的控制作用,最后提炼出地质体发育模式,为研究区隐蔽油气藏的勘探和开发提供科学依据。  相似文献   

8.
The structures of plasma flows in close binary systems whose accretors have strong intrinsic magnetic fields are studied. A close binary system with the parameters of a typical polar is considered. The results of three-dimensional numerical simulations of the matter flow from the donor into the accretor Roche lobe are presented. Special attention is given to the flow structure in the vicinity of the inner Lagrangian point, where the accretion flow is formed. The interaction of the accretion-flow material from the donor’s envelope with the magnetic field of the accretor results in the formation of a hierarchical structure of the magnetosphere, because less dense areas of the accretion flow are stopped by the magnetic field of the white dwarf earlier than more dense regions. Taking into account this kind of magnetosphere structure can affect analysis results and interpretation of the observations.  相似文献   

9.
微亮晶(臼齿)碳酸盐成因及其在元古宙地球演化中的意义   总被引:14,自引:2,他引:14  
本文应用多种技术方法,对微亮晶碳酸盐岩的成岩作用及其成因从宏观至微观进行了分析。根据岩石矿物学、地球化学和有机地球化学等研究证明,它是早期成岩过程中,在超高压的大气 CO_2,水平急剧下降的转折期,快速石化作用形成的具等粒结构μm级的微亮晶方解石集合体。MT 碳酸盐岩微亮晶成岩作用有两种类型:一是主要发生在海底沉积软泥中,在其底基质软泥中经差异压实作用形成褶皱肠状及复杂形的 MT 构造;二是直接在海水中或重力流搬运过程中形成的微亮晶球粒(核)。简言之,MT 碳酸盐岩石是在地球早期浅海环境下,由于微生物自养作用形成的地球化学成因产物。微亮晶碳酸盐岩是约束古大气圈和古海洋环境变化的最灵敏标志。通过详测 MT 丰度值和编制地球古大气圈 CO_2水平演化模式等,在前寒武纪发现有太古宙末期、早元古宙末期、中元古宙中期和新元古宙早-中期四个 MT 碳酸盐岩发育高峰值期,证明全球古大气圈 CO_2水平发生过四次不连续性、跳跃式下降周期,直到晚新元古宙未,全球雪球事件的发生,导致了 MT 碳酸盐岩的消失。其后,才进入显生宙的 CO_2低水平状态。MT 碳酸盐岩具有重要的油气资源远景,应予以重视。  相似文献   

10.
环境中硒形态分析方法的研究进展   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
硒的形态研究是了解环境中硒的毒性、生物可利用性、迁移和生物地球化学循环等方面的基础,其研究方法一般分为直接和间接法。本文总结了环境中硒形态的研究方法,特别是对环境样品中常用的硒形态分析技术——连续化学浸提技术作了全面详细的讨论,并综述了其它硒形态分析方法的最新动态。  相似文献   

11.
祁连山区黑河上游俄博岭多年冻土区活动层碳储量研究   总被引:2,自引:2,他引:0  
为了探索在全球气候变化背景下多年冻土区碳储量现状, 通过野外实地勘探和室内实验, 对黑河上游俄博岭多年冻土区地貌特征及不同海拔活动层内的碳储量进行考察和估算. 结果表明: 黑河上游俄博岭冰缘现象显著, 土壤季节冻融过程活跃, 且活动层中碳储量丰富. 在研究区约2.5×106 m2 的范围内, 活动层平均厚度约为1.1 m, 活动层土壤有机质平均含量约为72.1%, 碳储量估算约为1.57 Mt C. 活动层不同深度处有机质含量呈现不同的变化规律. 随着活动层深度增加, 土壤有机质的含量逐渐降低, 在多年冻土上限附近有机质含量较高. 另外, 活动层有机质含量随着海拔和土壤含水量的不同而变化, 同时多年冻土区微地形和地质条件也对有机质含量具有重要的影响.  相似文献   

12.
本文根据近5年来地下水勘查成果,对祁连山山前缺水地区水文地质特征、相对浅埋区的形成分布进行了综合分析,提出了基底隆升、“叠瓦状”台阶式断裂、逆冲压扭性断裂、地堑型四种控制地下水埋深的构造类型;提出在不同类型控水条件下寻找地下水相对浅埋的方向,指导寻找可利用的地下水源,解决该区人畜饮水困难。以肃南严重缺水区大黄沟滩勘查示范为例,在地堑型控水区找到埋深160m、矿化度小于0.6g/L、单井涌水量大于1 500m3/d的优质饮用水源。  相似文献   

13.
14.
燕山地区中元古代常州沟组潜穴化石   总被引:2,自引:4,他引:2  
刘鹏举 《地质论评》2003,49(5):522-524
在燕山地区中元古代常州沟组中发育有大量的潜穴化石,潜穴产于常州沟组中部的泥质粉砂岩中。潜穴呈个体较大的直管状,垂直层面保存。这是我国迄今为止发现的最古老的遗迹化石,表明在距今近1800Ma前就已出现古老的后生动物,这对于研究后生动物的起源及演化具有重要意义。  相似文献   

15.
关中泾阳塬全新世黄土剖面磁化率的古气候阶段划分   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
通过对陕西关中地区泾阳南塬寨头村和泾阳县新庄村典型剖面全新世黄土-古土壤地层的岩性描述、地层划分和对比,结合泾阳县新庄村AMS14C的年代测定和其他学者的测年数据,建立了该地区全新世以来黄土沉积年代序列。根据磁化率气候替代指标显示的曲线特征,这一替代指标在剖面上的变化规律以及该黄土剖面所反映的东亚冬、夏季风强弱变化特点,表明了关中地区的气候波动与中国西北地区及全球气候变化的总趋势具有一致性,全新世以来在全球变化背景下关中地区气候变化表现为气候演化的周期性、不稳定性和趋势性。进而对该剖面磁化率曲线特征与其他学者的孢粉谱建立的温度曲线对比,对关中地区全新世以来古气候的阶段性进行了详细分析和论证。将关中地区1 万a以来的气候演变划分为7个气候阶段:第1阶段为10.0~9.0 kaB.P.冷温转换的阶段;第2阶段为9.0~7.0 kaB.P.暖冷波动阶段;第3阶段为7.0~6.0 kaB.P.温暖阶段;第4阶段为6.0~5.0 kaB.P.较温暖阶段;第5阶段为5.0~3.4 kaB.P.暖冷波动阶段;第6阶段为3.4~2.0 kaB.P.气温先降后升阶段;第7阶段为2.0 kaB.P.至现在温暖半湿润、半干旱阶段。  相似文献   

16.
地理本体的研究进展与分析   总被引:23,自引:0,他引:23  
地理本体是地理信息科学中的一个新兴的和正在发展的研究领域,从提出至今仅有10年的历史。因此,有重点系统分析地理本体研究的发展历程与进展,对中国在此方面的研究定位具有重要意义。文章在深入分析科学领域本体的定义基础上,进行了地理本体定义,探讨了地理本体的研究意义,列举了国际上与地理本体相关的主要计划与学术会议,详细剖析了当前国内外的地理本体理论研究与应用方面取得的进展。地理本体研究已成为国际GIS领域一个重要的新兴研究方向并得到了蓬勃发展,而国内在这方面的研究才刚刚开始,只有少数学者开展了一些探索性的思考和研究。因此,中国应紧跟国际地理本体的研究动态,积极开展我国自己的地理本体理论、方法和应用研究。  相似文献   

17.
全新世环境考古研究进展   总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0  
崔建新  周尚哲  常宏 《冰川冻土》2005,27(6):913-919
环境考古研究是国际上的热点问题之一,尤其是针对全新世以来的研究.以往的研究主要集中在气候突变事件对新石器文化的影响、人类对环境变迁的调整与适应、人类对于环境的影响与干预以及史前农业与气候环境的相关等方面.研究结果表明:极端气候事件的确对人类文化与农业文明产生了深远影响,但是人类也一定程度上对气候变迁做出了调整与响应.尽管在很长时间内,人类处于被动角色,但是随着时间延续,人与自然间关系也发生重大变动,逐步演变为人类对于自然的强烈影响与干预.目前各国科学家对此两个问题的讨论已经逐步摆脱定性阶段,开始向定量化方向发展.孢粉、磁化率、有机质等代用指标的运用,使得这一领域具有了更为广阔的前景和生命力.史前农业的研究牵涉的内容较为复杂,包括农业起源、农业传播以及农业发展过程中的诸多问题,它们与气候以及人类活动的关系一直是环境考古学家努力探索的方向,至今该领域的研究仍然存在很大争论和分歧.  相似文献   

18.
During Cruise 62nd of the R/V “Professor Gagarinsky” in September, 2014, the carbonate system of sediments and contents of nutrients and organic carbon in pore water were studied in two geochemical stations located in hypoxia areas in the Peter the Great Bay. It was established that the concentrations of silica, phosphorus, and ammonium increase by 5, 10, and 20 times, respectively, with sediment depth to 70–80 cm. The alkalinity, dissolved inorganic carbon, and the partial pressure of carbon dioxide significantly increase with depth, while рН value and organic matter (ОM) decrease. Changes in the chemical composition of pore water with sediment depth (0–80 cm) are caused by anaerobic microbial degradation of OM, concentration of which in the top sediment layer is 2–3%. The degradation products of OM in the bottom waters of bay and pore waters of bottom sediments indicate that its main sources are diatoms. During hypoxia, the oxygen demand rate by sediment surface near Furugelm Island is estimated to be 5 mmol/(m2 day). A combination of such factors as downwelling circulation, the absence of photosynthetically active radiation, and the high oxygen demand rate at the water/sediment interface provides hypoxia formation in the depressions of the Peter the Great Bay bottom topography.  相似文献   

19.
随着公路建设规模的扩大,在贵州岩溶山区边坡及滑坡出现的数量越来越多,治理难度也越来越大。如何用一种经济、施工简便的方法解决贵州岩溶山区滑坡治理问题,成为贵州公路建设中亟待解决的一个重要课题。文章对化学灌浆法在贵州某高速公路滑坡治理中的运用进行试验探索,解决了地层能否灌浆处理;地层灌浆处理时,需要何种浆液材料;采用多大的压力,灌入多少浆液等问题。并在工程治理中选取75个孔做灌浆试验。根据试验确定了灌浆扩散半径、孔距、排距等参数。通过探井开挖试验、标准贯入试验、声波波速测试等检测方法进行灌浆治理效果的检测评价,从检测结论可知,该方法具有很好的效果。为了比较其经济性,还作了3种滑坡治理方案的经济技术对比。从对比结果可知,化学灌浆技术具有很强的经济优势。因此,该技术在岩溶山区的滑坡治理中有很好的适用性及应用前景。  相似文献   

20.
韩明超  李鸿娟 《地下水》2012,34(5):12-13
在计算山前侧向补给量的方法中,最常用的就是达西断面法,但达西断面法需要获取较多的参数,对于山前无钻孔或只有少量钻孔且水文地质研究程度较低的区域,很难采用达西断面法来计算得到山前侧向补给量。对于无法运用达西断面法但存在完整式截潜工程的山丘区,可以结合完整式截潜工程的截潜量利用水量均衡法计算山前侧向补给量。  相似文献   

设为首页 | 免责声明 | 关于勤云 | 加入收藏

Copyright©北京勤云科技发展有限公司  京ICP备09084417号