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1.
腾冲地块是青藏高原东南缘的重要组成部分,在大地构造位置上与拉萨地块相对应.近年来,松多榴辉岩带的发现揭示拉萨地块内存在晚二叠-早三叠世的俯冲-碰撞事件,与其相对应的腾冲地块是否也经历了相应的构造事件随之成为人们关注的热点.早印支期那邦闪长岩为偏铝质、富钾、钙碱性岩浆岩.锆石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb定年结果表明闪长岩侵位于(245.0±2.9)Ma.锆石εHf(t)值变化于+7.8～+14.9,在εHf(t)-U-Pb年龄图解上所有样品都落在球粒陨石线和亏损地幔线之间、较小的单阶段模式年龄和地壳模式年龄,在Th/Yb-Ba/La图解上分布于俯冲板片流体区和Yb/Hf(＜1.2)比值,以及较高的Mg#值和Th、U负异常,说明其来源于幔源物质部分熔融,并有部分壳源物质加入的混合岩浆.LREE和LILE强烈富集、Th、U、Nb、Ta、Ti明显负异常,以及La/Yb-Sc/Ni和La/Yb-Th/Yb构造环境判别图解揭示其岛弧型岩浆岩的性质.形成时代与松多榴辉岩带相近、形成于俯冲-碰撞构造环境及腾冲地块内存在类似于拉萨地块内缺失晚二叠-早三叠世地层的区域性角度不整合,说明腾冲地块内也存在与拉萨地块和澳大利亚陆块北部边缘发生俯冲-碰撞相对应的构造事件,早印支期那邦闪长岩是腾冲地块内对这一事件的响应. 相似文献
2.
通过LA-ICP-MS方法对柴北缘全吉地块基底的斜长角闪岩和花岗闪长岩进行了锆石U-Pb年代学及锆石微区微量元素的研究。斜长角闪岩中的岩浆锆石上交点年龄为2 396±26 Ma,代表了锆石结晶的年龄,下交点为905±140 Ma,代表了锆石发生铅丢失事件的年龄。其岩浆锆石具有U/Yb较高(0.1~1),Hf值较低(10 000×10~(-6)),U值较低(150×10~(-6))的特点,显示其岩浆源区与富集地幔密切相关。在锆石微量元素判别图解中数据主要落在陆弧区和洋岛区,指示其形成的构造环境为弧后盆地。花岗闪长岩中岩浆锆石的加权平均年龄为484±21 Ma,岩浆锆石具有U/Yb较高(1)和U值较高(平均值为640×10~(-6))的特点,显示岩浆源区为典型陆壳。锆石微量元素判别图解显示其形成于陆弧。研究结果表明,全吉地块基底除前寒武纪岩石外,还包含早古生代的岩石组合。全吉地块基底内部岩石组合与形成时代的复杂性,与全吉地块经历的多次洋壳俯冲、陆陆碰撞密切相关。 相似文献
3.
内蒙古牙克石地区晚古生代弧岩浆岩:年代学及地球化学证据 总被引：13，自引：8，他引：5
在内蒙古牙克石地区晚古生代岩浆岩中发现了岛弧火山岩和埃达克质花岗闪长岩。火山岩由玄武岩、安山岩、英安岩及凝灰岩组成,属于钙碱性系列,它们富集大离子亲石元素(LILE)、轻稀土元素(LREE),亏损高场强元素(HFSE)。玄武岩的SHPIMP锆石U-Pb年龄表明其形成于373.2±5.3Ma。锆石εHf(t)值为+14.67～+18.67,类似大洋中脊玄武岩(MORB)和现代俯冲带玄武岩的Hf同位素特征。上述特征说明,玄武岩很可能起源于受俯冲板片流体改造的亏损地幔楔,形成于活动大陆边缘。花岗闪长岩的结晶年龄为331.2±3.7Ma。岩石高SiO2、Sr,高Sr/Y比值,富集轻稀土元素,亏损重稀土元素和Y及高场强元素,铕异常基本不明显,具备埃达克岩的地球化学特征。锆石εHf(t)值较高(+12.78～+14.54),说明源区可能为亏损地幔或新生的玄武质下地壳。根据微量元素组成认为花岗闪长岩主要起源于晚古生代底侵的岛弧玄武-安山质下地壳。弧火山岩和埃达克质花岗闪长岩的发现表明,区内晚泥盆世-早石炭世发生过大洋板片的俯冲作用,可能与额尔古纳-兴安地块与松嫩地块的碰撞拼合密切相关。 相似文献
4.
西藏当雄南部约54Ma辉长岩-花岗岩杂岩的岩石成因及意义 总被引：5，自引：4，他引：1
近年来在拉萨地块南部识别的多处基性岩浆活动对揭示地幔源区成分和相关动力学问题提供了重要线索.本文对拉萨-当雄一带原认为是早白垩世茶苍卡辉长岩-浦迁花岗岩杂岩中获得了始新世幔源岩浆活动记录.研究区出露的3种岩石类型及其U-Pb锆石年龄分别是正长闪长岩、碱性角闪二长花岗岩(54.0±0.3Ma)和钾玄质碱性辉长岩(53.8±0.4Ma).其中辉长岩锆石εHf(t)值为-6.6～ -4.2、Hf模式年龄t(O)M为0.88 ～0.97Ga;二长花岗岩εHf(t)为-10.2～ -6.5,Hf地壳模式年龄tDMC为1.5 ～ 1.7Ga.三类岩石都具有富碱、富钾特征,它们具相似的稀土和微量元素含量,均显示大离子亲石元素和Pb富集、高场强元素Nb、Ta、Ti和P亏损等特征.闪长岩和花岗岩的Sr和Nd同位素特征相似,87Sr/86 Sr比值为0.711 ～0.712,εNd(t)为-9.1 ～ -7.1;而辉长岩分别是0.708和-4.8～ -4.9.本文与拉萨地块南部和中部已有结果共同表明,新生代岩浆岩的分布与成分显示了与俯冲带极性吻合的规律性变化特征,即从雅鲁藏布缝合带向北,岩石的富集组分逐渐增加,越过洛巴堆-米拉山断裂带进入具有地壳基底的中部拉萨地块后,岩石则明显增加了地壳富集组分,很好显示了基底成分对岩浆作用的控制.拉萨地块南部大约47Ma开始出现的富集组分,很可能是中部拉萨地块富集的古老地壳基底物质参与和控制的结果,而与印度大陆地壳物质的俯冲无关.茶苍卡辉长岩可能来源于受到早期俯冲来源流体交代的富集岩石圈地幔物质的部分熔融,而茶苍卡角闪二长花岗岩主要来源于古老地壳物质的重熔,但是有幔源物质参与.茶苍卡辉长岩不同于典型岛弧玄武岩,而与板内玄武岩或伸展背景下形成的玄武质岩石类似,其成因很可能与大约52Ma的特提斯洋壳板片断离和岩浆大爆发有关. 相似文献
5.
勐养花岗闪长岩体位于滇西腾冲地块梁河县南勐养镇一带。用LA-ICP-MS技术测得花岗闪长岩锆石U-Pb年龄为115.2±1.0Ma,该年龄被解释为花岗闪长岩的形成年龄,表明该区花岗闪长岩体的形成时代为早白垩世。岩石地球化学特征表明,花岗闪长岩中SiO_2含量为62.39%~67.97%,Na_2O+K_2O为6.26%~7.80%,K_2O为1.98%~4.11%,具有贫钾(K_2O/Na_2O值为0.45~1.11)、低P2O5(0.09%~0.38%)的特征;MgO为1.78%~1.98%,Mg~#为34.90~48.40,属于准铝质-弱过铝质钙碱性系列。微量元素具有相对富集大离子亲石元素(U、Th、Rb、Ba)、亏损高场强元素(Tb、Nb、Zr、Hf)的特点。该花岗闪长岩具有I型花岗岩的特征,同时兼有S型花岗岩之特点,具有明显的岩浆混合作用特征。岩石具有岛弧或活动陆缘岩系的微量元素分布特征。地球化学特征和微量元素构造判别图解揭示,勐养早白垩世花岗闪长岩形成于碰撞后岩浆弧环境。花岗闪长岩为幔源岩浆与高黎贡山群古老地壳部分熔融的岩浆混合的产物。该区早白垩世花岗闪长岩是腾冲地块早白垩世侵入岩与班公湖-怒江-泸水-瑞丽洋盆的闭合、洋壳向南西俯冲及板块间的碰撞造山作用的产物。 相似文献
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本文系统报道了缅甸抹谷变质带中部Yinmabin花岗闪长岩体及其基性岩墙的主量元素、微量元素及锆石U-Pb年龄和Lu-Hf同位素组成,重点讨论了花岗闪长岩和基性岩墙的岩石成因、物质来源及其地质意义。抹谷Yinmabin花岗闪长岩体主量元素显示富钠(N2O/K2O=1.5~1.75)、准铝(ACNK=0.94~0.97)和钙碱性岩石系列的地球化学特征。样品富集轻稀土(LREE)元素、大离子亲石元素(LILE),相对亏损高场强元素(HFSE)。岩体的主、微量元素地球化学特征均显示其具有活动陆缘I型花岗岩的地球化学属性。抹谷Yinmabin花岗闪长岩的锆石U-Pb年龄为131~135 Ma,其εHf(t)值在-15.66~-2.99之间,平均值为-8.77,单阶段模式年龄(tDM)为795~1569 Ma;而后期侵位的辉绿岩的锆石U-Pb年龄为120~118 Ma,其εHf(t)值在-13.72~+5.82之间,平均值为-2.72,单阶段模式年龄(tDM)为570~1341 Ma,表明这些岩石可能主要来源于古老下地壳部分熔融但同时也受到地幔物质的加入混染。与滇西以及北拉萨岩浆带的Lu-Hf同位素特征十分相近,暗示抹谷-毛淡棉地块早白垩世岩浆岩带与波密-察隅-高黎贡-拉萨岩浆岩带形成环境相似,可能是腾冲岩浆岩带向南延伸的一部分。结合岩石成因、源区性质和区域构造演化,认为抹谷花岗闪长岩体及基性岩墙的形成与中特提斯洋板块的俯冲作用密切相关,同时俯冲-碰撞转换的时限应该在120 Ma左右。这对于研究抹谷地体在中生代期间中特提斯洋俯冲碰撞过程具有重要的地质意义。 相似文献
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滇西粱河勐养花岗岩的锆石U-Pb年龄、地球化学特征及其地质意义 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
勐养侵入岩体位于滇西腾冲地块梁河县南勐养镇一带,主要由黑云母二长花岗岩和花岗闪长岩组成,其中发育闪长质包体。闪长岩包体与寄主岩石黑云母二长花岗岩和花岗闪长岩之间呈渐变过渡关系。锆石U-Pb LA-ICP-MS定年表明,黑云母二长花岗岩形成年龄为127.7Ma±0.7Ma,花岗闪长岩形成年龄为115.2Ma±1.1Ma。闪长岩包体形成年龄为122.6Ma±0.8 Ma。表明该花岗岩体的形成时代属于早白垩世。地球化学特征研究表明,闪长岩包体为准铝质、钙碱性系列,具有低SiO2、高MgO、高K20和Mg#的特征。Sm/Nd为0.18～0.20,ΣLREE/ΣHREE=2.91～4.64,Eu存在弱到中等程度的负异常。相对富集U,Th,Rb,Ba等大离子亲石元素(LILE),亏损Tb,Nb,Zr,Hf等高场强元素(HFSE);反映勐养闪长岩包体岩浆成分主要为幔源的特点。根据地球化学特征和微量元素构造判别图解判别结果表明,勐养早白垩世侵入岩形成于碰撞后岩浆弧环境。闪长岩包体的原生岩浆应是地幔橄榄岩部分熔融的产物。黑云二长花岗岩浆可能来源于本区中晚元古代高黎贡山群为代表的地壳物质的部分熔融。花岗闪长岩为幔源岩浆与高黎贡山群古老地壳部分熔融的岩浆混合的产物。腾冲地块早白垩世侵入岩与班公湖—怒江—泸水—瑞丽洋盆的闭合、洋壳向南西俯冲及板块间的碰撞造山作用密切相关。 相似文献
8.
西藏北部拉萨地块那曲地区约113Ma安山岩岩石成因与意义 总被引：3，自引：2，他引：1
西藏北部拉萨地块广泛分布着早白垩世岩浆岩,由于缺少高质量的年代学和地球化学数据,其岩浆源区和岩石成因迄今未能很好约束。本文报道了北部拉萨地块那曲地区安山岩的锆石U-Pb定年、地球化学和Sr-Nd-Hf同位素数据。那曲安山岩锆石U-Pb年龄为112.7±0.7Ma。岩石为高钾钙碱性系列,富集大离子亲石元素、Th、U和轻稀土元素[(La/Yb)N=6.62～11.68],亏损Nb、Ta、P和Ti等高场强元素。样品具有较高的(87Sr/86Sr)i值(0.7100～0.7126)、负的全岩εNd(t)值(-10.5～-7.8)和负的锆石εHf(t)值(-9.9～-4.7),对应于古老的Nd同位素二阶段模式年龄(1.5～1.8Ga)和锆石Hf同位素地幔模式年龄(1.0～1.6Ga)。综合岩石学、地球化学和区域构造背景研究认为,那曲地区安山岩形成于南向俯冲的班公湖-怒江洋壳岩石圈板片断离的背景,很可能是受早期流体/沉积物熔体交代富集的安多微陆块古老岩石圈地幔物质部分熔融的产物,并经历了不同程度的分离结晶。 相似文献
9.
滇西梁河地区闪长岩LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年龄、Hf同位素特征及其地质意义 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
对滇西梁河地区早白垩世闪长岩岩株中的花岗闪长岩和闪长岩进行了LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年龄测试,获得206Pb/238U年龄分别为118.7Ma±1.5Ma和119.8Ma±1.0Ma,表明它们与早白垩世花岗岩体基本同时形成。其中在闪长岩中发现1颗约140Ma的岩浆锆石,可能指示梁河地区早白垩世初期的岩浆事件,2颗晚三叠世锆石继承核的年龄分别为208.2Ma±6.7Ma和221.9Ma±2.4Ma,记录了印支期的岩浆活动。花岗闪长岩和闪长岩具有相似的全岩εNd(t)值(-8.03、-7.70),但却表现出不均一的锆石εHf(t)值(118.7Ma:-5.60~-3.28;119.8Ma:-6.73~-3.09),表明它们来自于结晶基底重熔的长英质岩浆与幔源岩浆的混合。不同锆石的Hf同位素组成显示,与北冈底斯带相比,滇西梁河地区早白垩世幔源组分参与花岗质岩石形成的程度较低。滇西梁河地区花岗闪长岩和闪长岩的形成,可能与地壳加厚的构造背景有关。 相似文献
10.
保山地块北部晚白垩世岩浆岩成因及其构造指示：全岩地球化学、锆石U-Pb年代学和Hf同位素制约 总被引：10，自引：8，他引：2
滇西保山地块晚白垩世-古近纪岩浆活动代表了新特提斯演化阶段的一次重要岩浆事件,其岩浆岩成因、源区属性及地球动力学背景尚不明确。本文对出露于保山地块北部漕涧地区的花岗岩类进行了全岩地球化学、锆石U-Pb年代学和Hf同位素组成研究。2件样品锆石U-Pb年龄结果分别为73.32±0.19Ma(MSWD=0.68)和73.44±0.20Ma(MSWD=1.3)。岩体具有高硅(SiO2=73.76%~74.74%)、富碱(K2O+Na2O=8.14%~8.62%)、过铝质(A/CNK=1.15~1.23)特征,在SiO2-K2O岩石判别图解上属钾玄岩系列;明显富集Rb、U及Th等大离子亲石元素和Pb,相对亏损Nb、Ta及Ti等高场强元素;具有强烈的轻重稀土分馏(LREE/HREE=8.5~15.1),球粒陨石标准化配分曲线表现出明显的负Eu异常(δEu=0.29~0.43)特征。锆石εHf(t)值十分集中(-5.0~-3.5),对应的Hf同位素地壳模式年龄tC DM为1352~1496Ma。这些地化特征和Hf同位素组成综合表明槽涧岩体属于晚白垩世S型花岗岩,其可能来源于保山地块中元古代地壳基底的深熔作用,物质来源为富黏土的泥质岩。构造环境判别图解中样品均落入同碰撞花岗岩区域。综合研究表明,保山地块发育有85~83Ma、~73Ma和66~60Ma三期过铝质花岗岩类,预示该地区在晚白垩世-古新世存在持续的地壳伸展减压作用。基于区域大地构造背景,本文提出了如下岩浆岩形成构造演化过程:(1)早白垩世中特提斯洋的闭合导致保山地块西侧地壳增厚;(2)晚白垩世新特提斯洋板片北东向俯冲过程中可能发生过海沟回撤作用,导致先存加厚地壳发生减压熔融,岩浆上侵形成漕涧岩体。综合对比西藏冈底斯岩浆带和腾冲地块同一时代花岗岩锆石Hf同位素数据,表明保山地块基底属性明显不同于腾冲地块和拉萨地块南部。 相似文献
11.
Most sulfide-rich magmatic Ni-Cu-(PGE) deposits form in dynamic magmatic systems by partial melting S-bearing wall rocks with variable degrees of assimilation of miscible silicate and volatile components, and generation of barren to weakly-mineralized immiscible Fe sulfide xenomelts into which Ni-Cu-Co-PGE partition from the magma. Some exceptionally-thick magmatic Cr deposits may form by partial melting oxide-bearing wall rocks with variable degrees of assimilation of the miscible silicate and volatile components, and generation of barren Fe ± Ti oxide xenocrysts into which Cr-Mg-V ± Ti partition from the magma. The products of these processes are variably preserved as skarns, residues, xenoliths, xenocrysts, xenomelts, and xenovolatiles, which play important to critical roles in ore genesis, transport, localization, and/or modification. Incorporation of barren xenoliths/autoliths may induce small amounts of sulfide/chromite to segregate, but incorporation of sulfide xenomelts or oxide xenocrysts with dynamic upgrading of metal tenors (PGE > Cu > Ni > Co and Cr > V > Ti, respectively) is required to make significant ore deposits. Silicate xenomelts are only rarely preserved, but will be variably depleted in chalcophile and ferrous metals. Less dense felsic xenoliths may aid upward sulfide transport by increasing the effective viscosity and decreasing the bulk density of the magma. Denser mafic or metamorphosed xenoliths may also increase the effective viscosity of the magma, but may aid downward sulfide transport by increasing the bulk density of the magma. Sulfide wets olivine, so olivine xenocrysts may act as filter beds to collect advected finely dispersed sulfide droplets, but other silicates and xenoliths may not be wetted by sulfides. Xenovolatiles may retard settling of – or in some cases float – dense sulfide droplets. Reactions of sulfide melts with felsic country rocks may generate Fe-rich skarns that may allow sulfide melts to fractionate to more extreme Cu-Ni-rich compositions. Xenoliths, xenocrysts, xenomelts, and xenovolatiles are more likely to be preserved in cooler basaltic magmas than in hotter komatiitic magmas, and are more likely to be preserved in less dynamic (less turbulent) systems/domain/phases than in more dynamic (more turbulent) systems/domains/phases. Massive to semi-massive Ni-Cu-PGE and Cr mineralization and xenoliths are often localized within footwall embayments, dilations/jogs in dikes, throats of magma conduits, and the horizontal segments of dike-chonolith and dike-sill complexes, which represent fluid dynamic traps for both ascending and descending sulfides/oxides. If skarns, residues, xenoliths, xenocrysts, xenomelts, and/or xenovolatiles are present, they provide important constraints on ore genesis and they are valuable exploration indicators, but they must be included in elemental and isotopic mass balance calculations. 相似文献
12.
Between 1985 and 1991, two new mountain protected areas (MTNPA) covering more than 35,000 km2 and based on participatory management models — the Makalu-Barun National Park and Conservation Area, Nepal, and Qomolangma Nature Preserve, Tibet Autonomous Region — were successfully established through the collaborative efforts of Woodlands Mountain Institute and conservationists in China and Nepal. Characteristics common to both projects include the importance of establishing (1) effective rationales, (2) local support constituencies, (3) a senior advisory group, (4) a task force, (5) linkages between conservation and development, and (6) fund raising mechanisms. The lessons derived from the experiences of Woodlands Mountain Institute are of significant value to others in preserving MTNPA. Increased collaboration and communication between all interested in conservation, however, will remain a critical component for expanding mountain protected area coverage to throughout the world. 相似文献
13.
《Geoforum》2017
This article advances critical geographies of youth through examining the spatiality implicit in the imagined futures of young women in rural India. Geographers and other scholars of youth have begun to pay more attention to the interplay between young people’s past, present, and imagined futures. Within this emerging body of scholarship the role of the family and peer group in influencing young people’s orientations toward the future remain underexamined. Drawing on eleven months of ethnographic fieldwork, my research focuses on a first generation of college-going young women from socioeconomically marginalized backgrounds in India’s westernmost state of Gujarat. I draw on the “possible selves” theoretical construct in order to deploy a flexible conceptual framework that links imagined post-educational trajectories with motivation to act in the present. In tracing the physical movement of these young women as they navigate and complete college, my analysis highlights the ways in which particular kinds of spaces and spatial arrangements facilitate and limit intra- and inter-generational contact, and the extent to which this affects young women’s conceptions of the future. I conclude by considering the wider implications of my research for ongoing debates surrounding youth transitions, relational geographies of age, and education in the Global South. 相似文献
14.
15.
《Chemical Geology》2007,236(1-2):13-26
We examined the coprecipitation behavior of Ti, Mo, Sn and Sb in Ca–Al–Mg fluorides under two different fluoride forming conditions: at < 70 °C in an ultrasonic bath (denoted as the ultrasonic method) and at 245 °C using a Teflon bomb (denoted as the bomb method). In the ultrasonic method, small amounts of Ti, Mo and Sn coprecipitation were observed with 100% Ca and 100% Mg fluorides. No coprecipitation of Ti, Mo, Sn and Sb in Ca–Al–Mg fluorides occurred when the sample was decomposed by the bomb method except for 100% Ca fluoride. Based on our coprecipitation observations, we have developed a simultaneous determination method for B, Ti, Zr, Nb, Mo, Sn, Sb, Hf and Ta by Q-pole type ICP-MS (ICP-QMS) and sector field type ICP-MS (ICP-SFMS). 9–50 mg of samples with Zr–Mo–Sn–Sb–Hf spikes were decomposed by HF using the bomb method and the ultrasonic method with B spike. The sample was then evaporated and re-dissolved into 0.5 mol l− 1 HF, followed by the removal of fluorides by centrifuging. B, Zr, Mo, Sn, Sb and Hf were measured by ID method. Nb and Ta were measured by the ID-internal standardization method, based on Nb/Mo and Ta/Mo ratios using ICP-QMS, for which pseudo-FI was developed and applied. When 100% recovery yields of Zr and Hf are expected, Nb/Zr and Ta/Hf ratios may also be used. Ti was determined by the ID-internal standardization method, based on the Ti/Nb ratio from ICP-SFMS. Only 0.053 ml sample solution was required for measurement of all 9 elements. Dilution factors of ≤ 340 were aspirated without matrix effects. To demonstrate the applicability of our method, 4 carbonaceous chondrites (Ivuna, Orgueil, Cold Bokkeveld and Allende) as well as GSJ and USGS silicate reference materials of basalts, andesites and peridotites were analyzed. Our analytical results are consistent with previous studies, and the mean reproducibility of each element is 1.0–4.6% for basalts and andesites, and 6.7–11% for peridotites except for TiO2. 相似文献
16.
Models have become so fashionable that many scientists and engineers cannot imagine working without them. The predominant use of computer codes to execute model calculations has blurred the distinction between code and model. The recent controversy regarding model validation has brought into question what we mean by a ‘model’ and by ‘validation.’ It has become apparent that the usual meaning of validation may be common in engineering practice and seems useful in legal practice but it is contrary to scientific practice and brings into question our understanding of science and how it can best be applied to such problems as hazardous waste characterization, remediation, and aqueous geochemistry in general. This review summarizes arguments against using the phrase model validation and examines efforts to validate models for high-level radioactive waste management and for permitting and monitoring open-pit mines. Part of the controversy comes from a misunderstanding of ‘prediction’ and the need to distinguish logical from temporal prediction. Another problem stems from the difference in the engineering approach contrasted with the scientific approach. The reductionist influence on the way we approach environmental investigations also limits our ability to model the interconnected nature of reality. Guidelines are proposed to improve our perceptions and proper utilization of models. Use of the word ‘validation’ is strongly discouraged when discussing model reliability. 相似文献
17.
I. Bejarano-Ramirez Jose M. Jurado R. Muñiz-Valencia Á. Alcázar Silvia G. Ceballos-Magaña A. Olivos-Ortiz O. Rangel 《International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology》2017,14(6):1333-1342
The contents of As, Cd, Cu, Cr, Mg, Mn, Ni, Pb and Zn have been determined in sediment and water samples from Valle de las Garzas estuary and Port Manzanillo (Colima, Mexico) using ICP-AES. The concentrations of these elements were used for a comparative study to determine the distribution of heavy metals and to evaluate which elements reflect natural or anthropogenic backgrounds. For this purpose, seven sampling points were selected: Four of them correspond to the lagoon, and three were situated in the port. Statistical analysis of the mineral content was assessed. Initially, data comparison was assessed by statistical tests for each variable. Principal component analysis was then applied considering the influence of all variables at the same time by obtaining the distribution of samples according to their scores in the principal component space. In this way, four studies were carried out: (1) study of sediments collected during the dry season; (2) study of sediments collected during the rainy season; (3) comparative study between sediments from rainy and dry season; and (4) study of water composition collected during rainy season. From the results of the performed analyses, it can be concluded that metals distribution pattern reflected natural and anthropogenic backgrounds (e.g., sediments from the lagoon, situated at the beginning of the rain channel, presented high contents of Zn and Cu, perhaps related to anthropogenic activities or the influence of igneous sediments). 相似文献
18.
The shape of sedimentary particles may carry important information on their history. Current approaches to shape classification
(e.g. the Zingg or the Sneed and Folk system) rely on shape indices derived from the measurement of the three principal axes
of the approximating tri-axial ellipsoid. While these systems have undoubtedly proved to be useful tools, their application
inevitably requires tedious and ambiguous measurements, also classification involves the introduction of arbitrarily chosen
constants. Here we propose an alternative classification system based on the (integer) number of static equilibria. The latter
are points of the surface where the pebble is at rest on a horizontal, frictionless support. As opposed to the Zingg system,
our method relies on counting rather than measuring. We show that equilibria typically exist on two well-separated (micro
and macro) scales. Equilibria can be readily counted by simple hand experiments, i.e. the new classification scheme is practically
applicable. Based on statistical results from two different locations we demonstrate that pebbles are well mixed with respect
to the new classes, i.e. the new classification is reliable and stable in that sense. We also show that the Zingg statistics
can be extracted from the new statistics; however, substantial additional information is also available. From the practical
point of view, E-classification is substantially faster than the Zingg method. 相似文献
19.
Hirokazu Fujimaki 《Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology》1986,94(1):42-45
Concentration ratios of Hf, Zr, and REE between zircon, apatite, and liquid were determined for three igneous compositions: two andesites and a diorite. The concentration ratios of these elements between zircon and corresponding liquid can approximate the partition coefficient. Although the concentration ratios between apatite and andesite groundmass can be considered as partition coefficients, those for the apatite in the diorite may deviate from the partition coefficients. The HREE partition coefficients between zircon and liquid are very large (100 for Er to 500 for Lu), and the Hf partition coefficient is even larger. The REE partition coefficients between apatite and liquid are convex upward, and large (D=10–100), whereas the Hf and Zr partition coefficients are less than 1. The large differences between partition coefficients of Lu and Hf for zircon-liquid and for apatite-liquid are confirmed. These partition coefficients are useful for petrogenetic models involving zircon and apatite. 相似文献
20.
E. M. Prasolov S. A. Sergeev B. V. Belyatsky E. S. Bogomolov K. A. Gruzdov I. N. Kapitonov R. Sh. Krymsky V. O. Khalenev 《Geochemistry International》2018,56(1):46-64
This paper reports the first results of a study of 11 isotope systems (3He/4He, 40Ar/36Ar, 34S/32S, 65Cu/63Cu, 62Ni/60Ni, 87Sr/86Sr, 143Nd/144Nd, 206–208Pb/204Pb, Hf–Nd, U–Pb, and Re–Os) in the rocks and ores of the Cu–Ni–PGE deposits of the Norilsk ore district. Almost all the results were obtained at the Center of Isotopic Research of the Karpinskii All-Russia Research Institute of Geology. The use of a number of independent genetic isotopic signatures and comprehensive isotopic knowledge provided a methodic basis for the interpretation of approximately 5000 isotopic analyses of various elements. The presence of materials from two sources, crust and mantle, was detected in the composition of the rocks and ores. The contribution of the crustal source is especially significant in the paleofluids (gas–liquid microinclusions) of the ore-forming medium. Crustal solutions were probably a transport medium during ore formation. Air argon is dominant in the ores, which indicates a connection between the paleofluids and the atmosphere. This suggests intense groundwater circulation during the crystallization of ore minerals. The age of the rocks and ores of the Norilsk deposits was determined. The stage of orebody formation is restricted to a narrow age interval of 250 ± 10 Ma. An isotopic criterion was proposed for the ore-bearing potential of mafic intrusions in the Norilsk–Taimyr region. It includes several interrelated isotopic ratios of various elements: He, Ar, S, and others. 相似文献