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1.
冀东金宝沟花岗斑岩地球化学特征、LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年龄和Hf同位素及其地质意义 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
金宝沟金矿床是冀东地区近年查明的一个大型斑岩型金矿床,金矿体主要赋存于金宝沟花岗斑岩体及岩体与太古宙迁西群黑云角闪斜长片麻岩接触带中。为查明金宝沟含矿花岗斑岩体的成岩时代、岩石地球化学特征、岩浆源区特征及其与区域上峪耳崖、牛心山等成矿花岗岩体的关系,采用LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb定年方法,测得金宝沟2件花岗斑岩的成岩年龄分别为169.9±1.0Ma和170.4±2.0Ma,表明其形成于中侏罗世。金宝沟花岗斑岩属于过铝质钾玄岩系列岩石,∑REE含量为38.17×10~(-6)~136.51×10~(-6),岩石富集Rb、K等大离子亲石元素和Ba、Th、U,亏损Ta、Nb、Ti等高场强元素和P、Sr,显示出典型岛弧或活动大陆边缘岩浆岩的特征。锆石Hf同位素研究显示,2件花岗斑岩样品的锆石ε_(Hf)(t)分别为-12.8~-7.4和-14.4~-8.8,两阶段模式年龄分别为1685~2028Ma和1773~2130Ma,暗示岩浆可能来源于古元古代地壳物质的部分熔融。金宝沟花岗斑岩岩浆形成的温度为788~834℃,岩浆形成压力为0.8~1.6GPa。结合区域地质资料认为,包括金宝沟花岗斑岩在内的冀东中侏罗世花岗岩及同时代的髫髻山组火山岩是在陆内收缩、地壳增厚、古太平洋板块向欧亚大陆俯冲的构造背景下,在挤压应力松弛的间隙环境侵位的。 相似文献
2.
鄂东南地区何锡铺岩体锆石U-Pb定年、岩浆源区及其地质意义 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
《地质科技情报》2017,(6)
鄂东南地区存在大量中酸性小岩体,部分小岩体与斑岩型铜钼金矿床关系密切。对位于鄂东南东区南部的何锡铺花岗闪长斑岩体进行了锆石U-Pb定年和Hf同位素组成测定。定年结果显示:花岗闪长斑岩样品的岩浆结晶年龄为(142±1)Ma,属早白垩世。这与鄂东南地区和九江-瑞昌地区含矿小岩体形成年代基本一致。何锡铺岩体锆石176 Hf/177 Hf比值为0.282 372~0.282 656,在t=142 Ma时,对应的εHf(t)值为-11.1~-1.1,平均值为-6.3。锆石εHf(t)值具不均一性,类似于阮宜湾岩体,而不同于铜山口岩体和龙角山岩体。岩体具高Sr/Y比值,无明显Eu负异常。全岩初始锶同位素比值(87Sr/86Sr)i为0.705 88,εNd(t)值为-4.9。全岩地球化学、Sr-Nd同位素和锆石Hf同位素特征一致表明富集地幔是何锡铺岩体的重要源区,原始幔源岩浆可能存在古老地壳物质的混染。何锡铺岩体不仅具有与铜山口岩体类似的岩石学特征,还具有与其类似的地球化学特征。幔源物质的参与指示该岩体具有形成斑岩型铜钼金矿床的潜力。 相似文献
3.
大别北麓汤家坪花岗斑岩锆石LA-ICPMS U-Pb定年和岩石地球化学特征及其对岩石成因的制约 总被引：14，自引：3，他引：11
河南商城县汤家坪花岗斑岩产于大别造山带北麓,岩体位于早白垩世达权店花岗岩体的南缘。岩体斑晶含量占10%左右,主要由钾长石、斜长石和石英组成,基质主要由钾长石、斜长石、石英和少量黑云母组成,副矿物主要为磁铁矿、赤铁矿、锆石。花岗斑岩中锆石U-Pb年龄为121.6±4.6Ma,为早白垩世中晚期。汤家坪花岗斑岩含白云母,无角闪石,具高硅(SiO272%)、高碱(Na2O+K2O7.4%)的特征,铝饱和指数(ACNK)为0.99～1.18,轻稀土富集、重稀土亏损(La/Yb)N=10.9～44.5,明显亏损Eu(δEu=0.40～0.58)、Sr、Ba、Nb等。P2O5与SiO2含量呈正相关关系、Pb与SiO2含量呈负相关关系、Y、Th随Rb升高而降低,属弱过铝质高分异S型花岗岩。汤家坪花岗斑岩εHf(t)(-17.6～-10.4)和εNd(t)(-15.5～-13.7)值均显示出壳源特征,tDM2(Hf)和tDM2(Nd)分别为1843～2281Ma和2034～2178Ma,反映汤家坪花岗斑岩来源于古老地壳物质的重熔,中等的初始Sr同位素指示源岩中可能有部分低成熟度地壳物质加入。结合稀土元素特征,认为汤家坪花岗斑岩源岩来源较深,主要源于下地壳物质。 相似文献
4.
豫西雷门沟斑岩钼矿SHRIMP锆石U—Pb和辉钼矿Re—Os测年及其地质意义 总被引：57，自引：0，他引：57
首次采用SHRIMP锆石微区U-Pb测年技术,对雷门沟花岗斑岩体进行年代学研究,通过对花岗斑岩中单颗粒锆石25个样品点的分析,获得了两组年龄数据,其中有11个分析点形成谐和年龄,其206Pb/238U年龄范围在129.1±3.0~138.4±2.3Ma之间,加权平均值为136.2±1.5Ma;另外9个分析点的207Pb/206Pb年龄集中于1884±20~2629±7Ma;前者指示了雷门沟岩体的结晶年龄为侏罗纪—白垩纪之交。后者则代表了岩体侵位过程中捕获的太华群锆石的年龄。首次采用ICP-MS法测定雷门沟斑岩型钼矿中的辉钼矿Re-Os同位素年龄,获得其模式年龄为131.6±2.0~133.1±1.9Ma,加权平均值为132.4±1.9Ma,指示了雷门沟钼矿床的成矿年龄。两种精测方法获得的年龄相吻合,成岩与成矿大致同时或成矿略晚于成岩。测试结果表明雷门沟斑岩钼矿与金堆城等东秦岭钼矿带其他钼矿床基本同时形成。 相似文献
5.
华北克拉通南缘A型花岗岩的年代学和Nd-Hf同位素组成:对古元古代晚期伸展事件的制约 总被引：5，自引：3，他引：2
河南上店和登封古元古代晚期A型花岗岩的锆石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb年代学、岩石地球化学和Nd-Hf同位素研究为讨论华北克拉通南缘中部古元古代晚期构造演化提供了依据。结果表明,上店花岗斑岩和登封正长花岗岩中锆石发育振荡生长环带,结合高的Th/U比值(0.36~1.64),表明其为岩浆成因,岩浆锆石的207Pb/206Pb加权平均年龄分别为1801Ma、1801Ma和1795Ma,即它们形成于古元古代晚期;上店花岗斑岩具有高SiO_2(70.30%~71.83%)、富碱(K2O+Na2O=8.76%~11.01%)、贫Ca O(0.18%~0.36%)、P2O5(0.12%~0.15%)和MgO(0.02%~0.20%)的特征,富集LILEs(Cs、Rb、Ba和K)、贫HFSEs(Nb、Ta、Zr和Hf)和强烈亏损Sr、P、Ti元素,具有负的Eu异常(δEu=0.44~0.59),结合高的FeOT/(FeOT+MgO)比值(0.94~1.00)和10000×Ga/Al比值(2.70~3.74),暗示其为A型花岗岩,具造山后A2型花岗岩特征;上店花岗斑岩的全岩εNd(t)值变化于-8.94~-6.87之间,tDM2=3243~3049Ma,锆石εHf(t)值介于-14.1~-6.5之间,tDM2=3030~2655Ma;登封正长花岗岩的锆石εHf(t)值介于-11.3~-8.4之间,tDM2=2887~2744Ma。上述结果暗示,上店和登封A型花岗岩均来源于幔源岩浆底侵作用下的中-新太古代基底物质的部分熔融,形成于华北克拉通东部和西部陆块碰撞造山后的伸展环境。 相似文献
6.
祁连造山带分为南祁连、中祁连和北祁连构造带.赛支寺岩体位于中祁连与南祁连构造带的结合部位.首次发现了赛支寺花岗闪长岩及其暗色包体,然而对于暗色包体的成因机理以及与寄主岩石之间的成因联系仍存在很多争议.并对其进行了系统的锆石U-Pb年代学、Lu-Hf同位素、岩石地球化学以及Sr-Nd同位素地球化学研究,探讨赛支寺岩体及其暗色包体的成因及动力学背景.LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年代学表明,赛支寺花岗闪长岩形成于446.1±1.3 Ma,包体形成于446.0±1.0 Ma,两者在误差范围内一致,排除了包体为捕虏体成因.暗色包体具较低的SiO2含量、较高的Na2O/K2O比值,低Sr/Y、La/Yb比值,与寄主岩稀土配分曲线基本一致,但LREE相对较低;86Sr/87Sr=0.706 4~0.706 7,εNd(t)=-7.38~-7.97;发育针状磷灰石,形成于岩浆混合作用.寄主岩SiO2=66.45%~68.12%,Na2O/K2O=0.80~0.97,A/CNK=0.91~1.03,显示准铝质-弱过铝质岩浆特点;富集大离子亲石元素Rb、Th、U、K,亏损Nb、Ta等元素,高Sr/Y、La/Yb比值,轻稀土富集,弱负Eu异常;86Sr/87Sr=0.709 3~0.709 5,εNd(t)=-1.75~-1.03,与祁连造山带I型花岗岩相似;锆石εHf(t)=1.7~6.8,TDM2=995~1 750 Ma.综上所述认为,寄主花岗闪长岩形成于壳幔岩浆混合.结合区域地质背景,赛支寺花岗闪长岩形成于俯冲背景下,幔源岩浆上涌,侵入到下地壳中,造成下地壳物质熔融,由这种既有幔源物质又有古老地壳物质的花岗岩岩浆形成. 相似文献
7.
华北克拉通南缘1600Ma麻坪A型花岗岩的成因及其地质意义 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
麻坪花岗岩体产于华北克拉通南缘,岩石类型主要为花岗斑岩,具斑状结构,斑晶主要为钾长石和石英。LA-ICPMS锆石U-Pb定年结果表明,岩体的形成时代为1600Ma。所有样品高SiO 2(70.51%~75.69%)、富碱(K2O+Na2O=7.42%~10.27%,K2O/Na2O23),贫MgO(0.24%~0.58%)、CaO(0.06%~0.12%)、P2O5(0.04%~0.08%)和MnO(0.01%),以及Eu、Sr和Ti负异常,表明它们在演化过程中经历了钾长石、斜长石、铁钛氧化物等的分离结晶作用。它们高的铝饱和指数(A/CNK1.11),显示强过铝质特征。然而,麻坪花岗斑岩高的Ga/Al比值以及高的锆石饱和温度(870~953℃),显示典型的A型花岗岩特征。因此,麻坪花岗斑岩为强过铝质A型花岗岩。麻坪花岗斑岩的地球化学特征、锆石Hf同位素组成以及二阶段模式年龄表明其来自太华群高温条件下部分熔融,同时基性岩浆的底侵作用为之提供了相应的热源。麻坪花岗斑岩的产生是裂谷岩浆活动的产物,其形成可能与Columbia超大陆的裂解有关。 相似文献
8.
粤北雪山嶂A型花岗岩的形成时代、地球化学特征及其成因 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb定年结果显示,雪山嶂花岗斑岩形成于早白垩世晚期(103Ma)。岩石地球化学特征具有铝质A型花岗岩的特征:相对均一的硅、富碱更富钾[w(Na2O+K2O)=8.38%~9.40%,K2O/Na2O=2.05~2.57]、富铁而贫镁,具有高的104×Ga/A1比值(2.59~2.94)和Zr+Nb+Ce+Y含量(366.6×10-6~398.7×10-6)。雪山嶂花岗斑岩具有比较均一的Sr,Nd同位素组成(ISr=0.709 8~0.710 1,εNd(t)=-7.68~-6.18),锆石原位Hf同位素组成为:(176 Hf/177 Hf)i=0.282 65~0.282 92,εHf(t)=-2.66~+6.84,相应的Hf同位素两阶段模式年龄TDM2变化于0.79Ga~1.40Ga之间。综合分析表明,雪山嶂A型花岗岩可能源自中元古代地壳变沉积岩的部分熔融,且在岩浆形成和演化过程中有幔源组分的参与。古太平洋板块俯冲后撤作用可能是形成雪山嶂A型花岗岩的动力学机制。 相似文献
9.
宁镇矿集区位于长江中下游成矿带东部,发育了大量与Cu、Fe矿产有关的中酸性侵入岩,如区内安基山岩体和韦岗岩体分别与安基山铜矿及伏牛山铜矿、韦岗铁矿等Cu、Fe矿床成矿关系密切。尽管前人在宁镇矿集区开展了大量的岩石学工作,但是对这些花岗质岩石源区特征方面的研究却略显薄弱。本文对该矿集区内的安基山岩体和韦岗岩体开展了详细的LA- ICP- MS 锆石U- Pb测年和锆石Hf同位素研究,进而确定成岩年龄、探讨岩浆源区性质及与成矿作用的关系。锆石U- Pb定年结果显示区内安基山花岗闪长斑岩和韦岗花岗闪长岩成岩年龄分别为108.9~110.9 Ma和107.3~109.6 Ma,宁镇矿集区晚中生代岩浆岩的成岩时代在110~100 Ma之间,明显晚于长江中下游其他矿集区成岩时代范围近20 Ma。两个岩体的锆石Hf同位素研究显示,韦岗花岗闪长岩的εHf(t)值为-47.4~-16.9,平均为-24.9,二阶段Hf模式年龄(TDM2)为2.24~4.14 Ga,平均为2.73 Ga,可能是中太古代至古元古代下地壳部分熔融形成的;而安基山花岗闪长斑岩的εHf(t)值为-16.8~-8.9,平均为-12.4,二阶段Hf模式年龄(TDM2)为1.74~2.23 Ga,平均为1.96 Ga,可能是富集岩石圈地幔物质与下地壳物质混合的产物。本文研究结果结合前人研究显示,矽卡岩型Fe矿床有关的岩体相比于矽卡岩型Cu矿床成矿岩体含有更多的地壳物质;岩浆源区壳、幔物质含量比例可能是控制长江中下游成矿带Cu、 Fe成矿作用的重要因素。 相似文献
10.
西藏邦铺斑岩矽卡岩矿床二长花岗斑岩Sr-Nd-Pb-Hf同位素及闪锌矿黄铁矿Rb-Sr等时线年龄研究 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
邦铺钼多金属矿是形成于印亚板块碰撞后碰撞伸展环境中的大型富Mo(~0.09%)、贫Cu(~0.32%),并且伴生Pb-Zn的斑岩-矽卡岩矿床。邦铺矿床位于冈底斯斑岩成矿带东段北侧,其成矿年代(~15.32Ma)与冈底斯斑岩成矿带内其它典型的斑岩矿床具有一致性(12~18Ma)。邦铺矿床除了富Mo(Cu),还含有大量的Pb-Zn矿石,其中Mo(Cu)以斑岩型矿化为特征,而Pb-Zn则主要赋存于矽卡岩之中。本文立足邦铺矿床两大问题:矿床富Mo原因和斑岩-矽卡岩两期矿化的关系,借助含矿岩体二长花岗斑岩Sr-Nd-Pb和锆石Hf同位素及共生闪锌矿和黄铁矿的Rb-Sr等时线年龄研究,为更好地了解矿床成因和冈底斯斑岩成矿带成矿规律提供依据。对矽卡岩矿区共生的黄铁矿闪锌矿进行Rb-Sr定年,87 Rb/87Sr=0.2351~7.903,87Sr/86Sr=0.714011~0.715539,闪锌矿和黄铁矿的Rb-Sr等时线年龄为13.93±0.87Ma,其成矿时间与斑岩成矿时间(辉钼矿Re-Os年龄15.32Ma)近于一致;同时,在空间上,随着距离二长花岗斑岩距离的增大,石榴子石减少,方解石及其它碳酸盐矿物增多,矽卡岩矿物组合由高温向低温转变,闪锌矿颜色由不透明向半透明过渡,暗示了温度连续下降的过程;所以无论时间还是空间上,邦铺斑岩矿化和矽卡岩矿化都属于同一成矿系统。邦铺二长花岗斑岩(87Sr/86Sr)i值介于0.707504~0.710012之间,变化范围较小;εNd(t)值为-3.96~-3.56,TDM2为1020~1050Ma;206 Pb/204 Pb、207 Pb/204 Pb、208Pb/204Pb分别为18.304~18.439、15.744~15.793、38.842~38.904;锆石176 Hf/177 Hf为0.282826~0.283009,平均值为0.282916,εHf(t)值为2.2~8.7,平均值为5.4;全岩Sr-Nd-Pb及锆石Hf同位素特征指示邦铺二长花岗斑岩为壳幔源岩浆混合作用的产物,其壳源组分的含量相对于冈底斯斑岩成矿带典型的含矿斑岩更高。幔源物质来源于上涌的软流圈地幔而壳源物质为加入大量古老地壳成分的新生下地壳;由于Mo、Pb、Zn主要来自于古老的下地壳,含有大量古老地壳物质的新生下地壳源区解释了邦铺Mo(Cu)-Pb-Zn的金属元素组合。 相似文献
11.
S. Viswanathan K. Surya Prakash Rao B. Mahabaleswar 《Journal of the Geological Society of India》2013,82(6):621-627
Komatiites are mantle-derived ultramafic volcanic rocks. Komatiites have been discovered in several States of India, notably in Karnataka. Studies on the distribution of trace-elements in the komatiites of India are very few. This paper proposes a simple, accurate, precise, rapid, and non-destructive wavelength-dispersive x-ray fluorescence (WDXRF) spectrometric technique for determining Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th in komatiites, and discusses the accuracy, precision, limits of detection, x-ray spectral-line interferences, inter-element effects, speed, advantages, and limitations of the technique. The accuracy of the technique is excellent (within 3%) for Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th and very good (within 4%) for Y. The precision is also excellent (within 3%) for Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th. The limits of detection are: 1 ppm for Sc and V; 2 ppm for Cr, Co, and Ni; 3 ppm for Cu, Zn, Rb, and Sr; 4 ppm for Y and Zr; 6 ppm for Nb; 10 ppm for Ba; 13 ppm for Pb; and 14 ppm for Th. The time taken for determining Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th in a batch of 24 samples of komatiites, for a replication of four analyses per sample, by one operator, using a manual WDXRF spectrometer, is only 60 hours. 相似文献
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E. M. Prasolov S. A. Sergeev B. V. Belyatsky E. S. Bogomolov K. A. Gruzdov I. N. Kapitonov R. Sh. Krymsky V. O. Khalenev 《Geochemistry International》2018,56(1):46-64
This paper reports the first results of a study of 11 isotope systems (3He/4He, 40Ar/36Ar, 34S/32S, 65Cu/63Cu, 62Ni/60Ni, 87Sr/86Sr, 143Nd/144Nd, 206–208Pb/204Pb, Hf–Nd, U–Pb, and Re–Os) in the rocks and ores of the Cu–Ni–PGE deposits of the Norilsk ore district. Almost all the results were obtained at the Center of Isotopic Research of the Karpinskii All-Russia Research Institute of Geology. The use of a number of independent genetic isotopic signatures and comprehensive isotopic knowledge provided a methodic basis for the interpretation of approximately 5000 isotopic analyses of various elements. The presence of materials from two sources, crust and mantle, was detected in the composition of the rocks and ores. The contribution of the crustal source is especially significant in the paleofluids (gas–liquid microinclusions) of the ore-forming medium. Crustal solutions were probably a transport medium during ore formation. Air argon is dominant in the ores, which indicates a connection between the paleofluids and the atmosphere. This suggests intense groundwater circulation during the crystallization of ore minerals. The age of the rocks and ores of the Norilsk deposits was determined. The stage of orebody formation is restricted to a narrow age interval of 250 ± 10 Ma. An isotopic criterion was proposed for the ore-bearing potential of mafic intrusions in the Norilsk–Taimyr region. It includes several interrelated isotopic ratios of various elements: He, Ar, S, and others. 相似文献
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奥地利安东帕有限公司 《岩矿测试》2009,28(3):306-306
最新的流行病学研究表明,空气中较高浓度的悬浮细颗粒可能对人类的健康有不利的影响。根据该项研究显示,由于心脏病、慢性呼吸问题和肺功能指标恶化而导致死亡率的升高与细尘粒子有关。这些研究结果已经促使欧盟于1999年4月出台了限制空气中二氧化硫、二氧化氮、氧化氮、铅和颗粒物含量的法案(1999/30/EC),对各项指标包括对可吸入PM10颗粒的浓度提出了新的限制性指标。PM10颗粒是指可以通过预分级器分离采集的气体动力学直径小于10μm的细颗粒。目前研究的兴趣重点逐步偏向PM2.5这些更细微颗粒物,PM2.5这种颗粒物对健康有明显的不利影响。在欧盟指令2008/50/EC中,对PM10和PM2.5都提 相似文献
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Mining induced subsidence can significantly affect mining costs where major surface facilities and natural environment need to be protected. Overburden grout injection is a technology used to control coal mine subsidence by injecting the mine waste material extracted from the coal back into the inter-burden rock during longwall mining. The flowing slurry is here categorised as a nonlinear viscous cohesive (Bingham plastic) fluid. During longwall mining the grout slurry is pumped into the separated beds of the rock mass through a central vertical borehole, which is drilled deep into the inter-burden rock strata above the coal seam. However, a blockage can occur in the injection system when the slurry velocity falls below a certain critical threshold velocity, indicating a material phase change from cohesive-viscous to cohesive-frictional. In situ field injection tests through boreholes have been simulated at a smaller scale at the CSIRO laboratory in Brisbane by pumping the slurry through a radial disk (gap = 4 mm) from its centre. Laboratory experiments indicate a general, nonlinear, cohesive, viscous, frictional model for shear behaviour of the slurry, in which the material shear parameters are functions of the disk radial distance. Complete dimensional and dimensionless analytical solutions have been developed based on an approach related to Bingham–Herschel–Bulkley fluid mechanics. The derived formulae include relations for minimum pump pressure, local pressure and pressure gradient, wall shear stress, volume rate, velocity and velocity gradient. The theoretical results match the experimental measurements. The experiments covered slurries with maximum particle sizes of 0.5 to 2 mm with about 50% being larger than 100 µm. The viscosities at the various solids concentrations were measured with a standard torsion viscometer. This study differs from the previous research in several distinct aspects, namely, consideration of the variable shear parameters rather than fixed values, inclusion of total nonlinear behaviour, and implementation of a friction function to mimic behaviour of the deposited and consolidating stiff slurry, which can cause a significant pressure rise as a result of the increased shear resistance. 相似文献
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Alexander E. C. Broberg J. S. Kehren A. R. Graziani M. M. Turri W. L. 《Environmental Geology》1993,22(4):353-361
Bellechester, Minnesota, is a small community of approximately 155 residents located on the county line between Goodhue and Wabasha counties in southeast Minnesota's karst region. Bellechester is served by a 21-year-old wastewater treatment facility (WWTF) consisting of three waste-stabilization ponds. On 28 April 1992 six sinkholes were discovered to have drained cell 2 of the WWTF resulting in the loss of approximately 8.7×106 1 of partially treated effluent and about 600 m3 of soil into previously undetected subsurface voids of unknown dimensions. In the week following the collapse, approximately 200 water wells located within a 5-km radius of the WWTF were sampled in an after-the-fact, emergency sampling program. Twelve samples with elevated fecal coliform levels, 18 samples with nitrate-nitrogen greater than the 10 mg/1 standard, and no samples with elevated chlorides were found. However, the elevated levels could not be unambiguously attributed to the WWTF collapse. This is the third WWTF to fail by sinkhole collapse in southeast Minnesota since 1974. All three collapsed lagoons have been located in similar geomorphic and stratigraphic settings. However, at least two lagoons have collapsed in the adjacent area in northeast Iowa, and these lagoons are located at different stratigraphic positions. Twenty-two WWTFs constructed in southeast Minnesota's karst region in the last 25 years have been identified as subject to potential sinkhole collapse. An unknown but significant number of manure storage lagoons, flood control structures, etc., have also been constructed in the karst region and are at risk. Public agencies are beginning to develop plans to deal with the risk associated with existing and future waste lagoons in this environment. The critical hydrogeologic parameters that can be used to prioritize the risk of collapse at existing facilities include: (1) the lithology of the first bedrock beneath each lagoon, (2) the thickness of surficial materials between the lagoon and the bedrock surface, (3) the presence and construction of liners (seepage rate), and (4) the proximity to existing sinkholes. 相似文献
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岩石密度和超高压岩石折返速率 总被引：1，自引：3，他引：1
在常温常压条件下对中国大陆科学钻CCSD主孔100-3000米岩心样品进行了密度测量,建立了密度连续剖面,并界定了不同超高压岩石的密度值。通过对比高温高压物性实验资料,岩石密度随着退变程度增强而降低,榴辉岩密度变化序列为3.52g/cm3→3.49g/cm3→3.07g/cm3→2.93g/cm3。超高压长英质岩石密度变化序列为3.00g/cm→2.80g/cm3→2.65g/cm3。上述实验资料是讨论不同折返阶段岩石所受浮力的基础,为研究折返速率大小提供了基本参数。本文通过折返板块运动平衡时,上浮力与粘滞力平衡这一关系式,定量研究了大陆俯冲板块的折返速率,认为密度差产生上浮力从而引起折返,温度对板块折返速率的影响最为显著;密度差大小、折返角度、折返板块大小对折返速率也有直接的影响。定量模拟分析表明,在温度高于850℃时,板块的折返速率可以超过100mm/a;当温度降至700℃时,折返速率则低于1.5mm/a。作者认为在折返早期,温度较高,板块快速折返至60-70km榴辉岩相深度;随着传导散热,温度降低,板块以较慢的速率折返至中下地壳。折返速率的估算表明,浮力是板块折返第一阶段(从>100km深部折返至<40km的中下地壳)的主要驱动力。 相似文献
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Mercury,arsenic, antimony,and selenium contents of sediment from the Kuskokwim River,Bethel, Alaska,USA 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
The Kuskokwim River at Bethel, Alaska, drains a major mercury-antimony metallogenic province in its upper reaches and tributaries. Bethel (population 4000) is situated on the Kuskokwim floodplain and also draws its water supply from wells located in river-deposited sediment. A boring through overbank and floodplain sediment has provided material to establish a baseline datum for sediment-hosted heavy metals. Mercury (total), arsenic, antimony, and selenium contents were determined; aluminum was also determined and used as normalizing factor. The contents of the heavy metals were relatively constant with depth and do not reflect any potential enrichment from upstream contaminant sources. 相似文献