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1.
《铀矿地质》2019,(6)
文章通过对内蒙古新巴尔虎右旗中二叠世花岗岩地球化学的系统研究,探讨其成因及形成的构造背景。中二叠世花岗岩主要为花岗闪长岩和二长花岗岩,其地球化学特征显示岩石属准铝质-弱过铝质高钾钙碱性系列,具有接近地幔岩浆的Nb/Ta比值(15.01～18.93),岩浆源区为新生火成岩地壳。花岗闪长岩属高Sr低Yb的埃达克型花岗岩,二长花岗岩属低Sr高Yb的浙闽型花岗岩,是不同深度壳源岩石同时发生部分熔融的产物,花岗闪长岩岩浆的起源深度较二长花岗岩的源区更深。中二叠世花岗岩富集大离子亲石元素和轻稀土元素、亏损高强场和重稀土元素,具有类似于活动大陆边缘花岗岩的岩石组合和地球化学特征。结合区域地质构造演化特征,认为中二叠世花岗质岩浆活动可能与西伯利亚克拉通和额尔古纳地块间的蒙古-鄂霍茨克洋板块的南向俯冲作用有关。 相似文献
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甘肃北山柳园地区花岗岩类的年代学、地球化学特征及构造意义 总被引：8，自引：10，他引：8
北山柳园地区分布大量的花岗岩类岩石,岩石类型有花岗闪长岩、二长花岗岩、钾长花岗岩和斑状花岗岩。锆石SHRIMP U—Pb 定年分析结果为:花岗闪长岩的侵位年代为423±8Ma 辉铜山以东(HT-)钾长花岗岩和二长花岗岩的侵位分别为436±9Ma 和397±7Ma。该区花岗质岩石都具有大离子亲石元素和轻稀土元素相对富集,K、Ni、Ta、P 和 Ti 负异常的特征,属于准铝质到过铝质的高 K 花岗岩。花岗闪长岩无 Sr 和 Eu负异常的特征,ε_(Nd)(t)=-2.5～-0.8,其岩浆源于岩石圈地幔或是软流圈与岩石圈地幔相混合的岩浆熔融,并受到了含有火山弧组分的年轻地壳的混染。钾长花岗岩和二长花岗岩具有 Sr 和 Eu 负异常的特征,ε_(Nd)(t)值分别为 1.4、-4.0～-2.0和-2.7～-0.3。HT-钾长花岗岩岩浆主要源于由于岩石圈地幔岩浆作用而导致上覆年轻地壳物质的部分熔融;花牛山附近(HN-)钾长花岗岩岩浆主要源于软流圈地幔部分熔融,可能受到了部分年轻地壳物质的混染;二长花岗岩岩浆主要源于年轻地壳的部分熔融。柳园地区4类花岗岩类岩石都是后碰撞构造背景下的岩浆产物,岩浆形成可能与俯冲板片断离有关。 相似文献
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鹿鸣钼矿是伊春-延寿成矿带内近年发现的大型斑岩钼矿,矿区主要出露含矿的二长花岗岩、花岗斑岩,不含矿的花岗闪长岩及似斑状花岗闪长岩四种岩性。二长花岗岩与花岗斑岩具有相似的低Sr高Y等地球化学特征,形成于194.8±0.7Ma~184Ma前后的早侏罗世,是斑岩型矿床的赋矿围岩。花岗闪长岩及似斑状花岗闪长岩含有暗色岩包体,主要为高钾钙碱性系列岩石,但以高Sr、低Y及富Na为特征,部分地球化学指标与中国东部埃达克岩极为相似,形成于176.2±2.1Ma并与辉钼矿Re-Os法获得的成矿年龄一致,被认定为斑岩型矿床的成矿母岩。高Sr和低Sr两类花岗岩形成于不同的构造背景,与中生代时期中国东部及其邻区几次重大地质事件密切相关。鹿鸣斑岩型钼矿床与中侏罗世太平洋板块俯冲在高氧逸度条件下熔融形成的埃达克质岩浆高侵位有关。鹿鸣矿区埃达克岩的发现表明中侏罗世太平洋板块已经发生了萎缩与消减,与之相关的岩浆作用及成矿应该具有广泛的区域性,扎实的岩石学工作可为区域更多斑岩型矿床的发现提供线索。 相似文献
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《矿物学报》2020,(1)
研究区内晚三叠世侵入岩岩性主要为斑状二长花岗岩和中细粒花岗闪长岩,锆石U-Pb定年显示,斑状二长花岗岩的形成年龄为(204±1.7) Ma,为晚三叠世岩浆活动产物。岩石地球化学特征上,里特曼指数σ为1.70～2.71,为高钾钙碱性-钾玄岩系列,铝饱和指数A/NK和A/CNK比值分别为1.22～1.85和1.03～1.24,属过铝质花岗岩。相对富集大离子亲石元素Rb、K和不相容元素Zr、Hf,亏损Ba、Ta、Nb、Sr、P、Ti等元素,轻稀土元素明显富集,轻重稀土元素分馏较强,具有较强的Eu负异常,岩石地球化学特征显示属S型花岗岩。斑状二长花岗岩锆石ε_(Hf)(t)值为-15.83～-3.24,Hf同位素二阶段模式年龄变化范围为1444～2240Ma,表明可能主要由中—古元古代地壳物质部分熔融形成,源岩以砂岩为主和少量泥质岩,岩浆在演化过程中存在分离结晶作用。晚三叠世侵入岩是新特提斯洋向北俯冲的产物,在俯冲的过程中,幔源岩浆的不断上涌,诱发古老地壳物质部分熔融,形成花岗质岩浆,揭示新特提斯洋的俯冲时间不晚于204 Ma。 相似文献
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中南祁连西缘肃北三个洼塘地区古生代两类花岗质侵入岩年代学及其地质意义 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
中南祁连西缘三个洼塘附近花岗质岩石由花岗岩、石英闪长岩和花岗闪长岩构成。LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年龄测定结果表明,花岗岩、石英闪长岩和花岗闪长岩侵位年龄分别为416.7±4.3Ma(MSWD=0.52)、442.5±4.7Ma(MSWD=0.46)和443.9±1.3Ma(MSWD=0.17),指示本区发生了两期岩浆活动事件。花岗质岩石均表现为过铝质,花岗岩高钾、K/Na,低Mg、Fe、Ca的主量元素特征,富集高场强元素,亏损大离子亲石元素,∑REE为122.0×10-6,δEu为0.05,具明显负铕异常。花岗闪长岩和石英闪长岩多数富钠,高场强元素含量相对花岗岩较低,而大离子亲石元素含量相对花岗岩略高,∑REE为133.3×10-6~247.6×10-6,δEu为0.73~1.09,铕异常特征不明显。综合研究表明,本区花岗岩可能属于造山活动结束后伸展环境下地壳物质部分熔融形成的A型花岗岩,花岗闪长岩和石英闪长岩则可能属于洋壳俯冲环境下引起岛弧岩浆活动而形成的I型花岗岩,这一成果对于研究中南祁连的构造演化有着重要意义。 相似文献
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《矿物学报》2016,(2)
位于青海省东昆仑西部的野马泉地区三叠纪花岗岩分布广泛,本文通过花岗岩岩石学、地球化学、年代学研究,将晚古生代—早中生代造山旋回同碰撞阶段时限厘定为235~224 Ma,后碰撞时限厘定为224~204 Ma。研究表明,同碰撞阶段代表性侵入岩岩石组合为石英二长闪长岩-花岗闪长岩,具有钙碱性-高钾钙碱性系列准铝质-弱过铝质I型花岗岩的特征,岩石形成于下地壳或中下地壳,与幔源物质底侵作用和俯冲大洋物质"滞后"局部熔融有关,花岗闪长岩具有adakitic岩亲和性的特点。后碰撞阶段代表性侵入岩岩石组合为似斑状二长花岗岩-二长花岗岩-花岗斑岩,具有高钾钙碱性-钾玄岩系列准铝质-强过铝质S型花岗岩的特征,岩石形成于上地壳,含闪长质包体二长花岗岩源区具有EMⅡ富集地幔的印记,有别于不含包体的二长花岗岩。三叠纪花岗岩的形成可能经历了地幔底侵-洋壳"滞后"熔融和地壳熔融的深部过程。 相似文献
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辽宁兴城新立屯地区岩浆杂岩岩石学特征、侵位顺序及地质意义 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
辽宁兴城新立屯地区岩浆杂岩主要由4种不同的岩石单元组成,分别为似斑状黑云母二长花岗岩,中细粒石英闪长岩,花岗细晶岩和花岗伟晶岩,前两者分布广泛且为研究区的主要岩石单元,后两者则呈脉状侵入到前两者中。应用LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb定年方法,测得似斑状黑云母二长花岗岩,中细粒石英闪长岩及花岗细晶岩的年龄分别为2 496±18 Ma,2 490±19 Ma,2 479±29 Ma,形成于古元古代早期。结合野外地质特征,侵位顺序由早到晚依次为:似斑状黑云母二长花岗岩,中细粒石英闪长岩,花岗细晶岩,花岗伟晶岩。岩石地球化学特征显示,新立屯地区岩浆杂岩主量元素方面具高硅(SiO2=61.38%~74.99%),富碱(Na2O+K2O=6.86%~9.41%),富Mg#(56~70)特征;A/CNK=0.91~1.18,属准铝质-过铝质岩石;微量元素方面,相对富集轻稀土元素,亏损重稀土元素,具有Eu异常(δEu=0.50~0.96);富集大离子亲石元素,亏损高场强元素;锆石Lu-Hf同位素特征εHf(t)值为-1.12~+6.13;TDM2(Hf)介于2 594~2 937 Ma,显示该套岩浆杂岩可能为地幔物质加入新生地壳再造的产物。 相似文献
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岩浆作用对岩浆热液金铜成矿制约的元素地球化学和锆石CL图像记录——以延边小西南岔富金铜矿床为例 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3
通过对延边小西南岔大型富金铜床矿区产出的与成矿密切的角闪花岗闪长岩、黑云花岗闪长岩、黑云二长花岗岩(花岗杂岩)侵入体和闪长玢岩岩脉的地质、岩相学和元素地球化学研究,结合单颗粒锆石CL图象特征及精细测年结果,初步确定:它们的岩浆就位发生在晚中生代早白垩世末期(112 Ma～102 Ma),适值伊泽奈崎板块向古亚洲板块俯冲的大陆边缘环境;金铜矿化发生在角闪花岗闪长岩(111.7 Ma±2.8 Ma)、黑云花岗闪长岩(106.7 Ma±1.6 Ma)、黑云二长花岗岩(104.6 Ma±2.5 Ma)与闪长玢岩(102.1Ma±2.2 Ma)的就位之间;花岗杂岩是先存的岩石圈地幔受到俯冲大洋板片提供流体的交代,形成的次生岩石圈地幔,次生岩石圈地幔的部分熔融产生的埃达克质岩浆在MOSH面附近与下地壳重熔产生的钾质熔体混合,混合后的岩浆经以斜长石为主的矿物相分离结晶作用先后上侵就住形成;而闪长玢岩岩脉则是埃达克质岩浆直接上侵就位形成;矿质主要来自俯冲大洋板块,埃达克岩浆和地壳重熔岩浆的形成以及两者的混合作用、混合岩浆的结晶分离作用是导致成矿物质活化、迁移、富集的根源. 相似文献
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青海塔塔棱河中上游地区花岗岩类主要岩石类型为斑状二长花岗岩、二长花岗岩、花岗斑岩和斑状正长花岗岩,其次为正长花岗岩、环斑花岗岩、花岗闪长斑岩和石英闪长岩。岩石地球化学研究表明,该区花岗岩具有过铝质(A/CNK值为1.10~1.26)、高钾(K_2ONa_2O)特征,属于钙碱性系列(σ为1.22~2.22),具S型花岗岩特征。LA-MC-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb测定结果,显示该区花岗岩年龄为(440.4±1.4)Ma。构造环境判别形成于后碰撞构造环境。综合分析后认为,早志留世花岗岩应当是陆陆汇聚时,南祁连陆块发生俯冲,与全吉地块发生碰撞,南祁连地块遭受挤压导致陆壳部分熔融而形成的产物。 相似文献
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皖南宁国-旌德一带花岗岩地球化学特征及成因 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
宁国—旌德一带有大量花岗岩分布,岩石类型较简单,主要为花岗闪长岩,少量似斑状花岗闪长岩和似斑状二长花岗岩。锆石U-Pb年龄显示花岗岩为燕山早期侵入的产物。岩石化学、地球化学表明,岩石为高钾钙碱性系列岩石,由部分熔融作用形成,源岩以壳源物质为主。花岗岩的形成可能与太平洋板块向欧亚大陆板块俯冲作用有关。 相似文献
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S. Viswanathan K. Surya Prakash Rao B. Mahabaleswar 《Journal of the Geological Society of India》2013,82(6):621-627
Komatiites are mantle-derived ultramafic volcanic rocks. Komatiites have been discovered in several States of India, notably in Karnataka. Studies on the distribution of trace-elements in the komatiites of India are very few. This paper proposes a simple, accurate, precise, rapid, and non-destructive wavelength-dispersive x-ray fluorescence (WDXRF) spectrometric technique for determining Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th in komatiites, and discusses the accuracy, precision, limits of detection, x-ray spectral-line interferences, inter-element effects, speed, advantages, and limitations of the technique. The accuracy of the technique is excellent (within 3%) for Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th and very good (within 4%) for Y. The precision is also excellent (within 3%) for Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th. The limits of detection are: 1 ppm for Sc and V; 2 ppm for Cr, Co, and Ni; 3 ppm for Cu, Zn, Rb, and Sr; 4 ppm for Y and Zr; 6 ppm for Nb; 10 ppm for Ba; 13 ppm for Pb; and 14 ppm for Th. The time taken for determining Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th in a batch of 24 samples of komatiites, for a replication of four analyses per sample, by one operator, using a manual WDXRF spectrometer, is only 60 hours. 相似文献
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E. M. Prasolov S. A. Sergeev B. V. Belyatsky E. S. Bogomolov K. A. Gruzdov I. N. Kapitonov R. Sh. Krymsky V. O. Khalenev 《Geochemistry International》2018,56(1):46-64
This paper reports the first results of a study of 11 isotope systems (3He/4He, 40Ar/36Ar, 34S/32S, 65Cu/63Cu, 62Ni/60Ni, 87Sr/86Sr, 143Nd/144Nd, 206–208Pb/204Pb, Hf–Nd, U–Pb, and Re–Os) in the rocks and ores of the Cu–Ni–PGE deposits of the Norilsk ore district. Almost all the results were obtained at the Center of Isotopic Research of the Karpinskii All-Russia Research Institute of Geology. The use of a number of independent genetic isotopic signatures and comprehensive isotopic knowledge provided a methodic basis for the interpretation of approximately 5000 isotopic analyses of various elements. The presence of materials from two sources, crust and mantle, was detected in the composition of the rocks and ores. The contribution of the crustal source is especially significant in the paleofluids (gas–liquid microinclusions) of the ore-forming medium. Crustal solutions were probably a transport medium during ore formation. Air argon is dominant in the ores, which indicates a connection between the paleofluids and the atmosphere. This suggests intense groundwater circulation during the crystallization of ore minerals. The age of the rocks and ores of the Norilsk deposits was determined. The stage of orebody formation is restricted to a narrow age interval of 250 ± 10 Ma. An isotopic criterion was proposed for the ore-bearing potential of mafic intrusions in the Norilsk–Taimyr region. It includes several interrelated isotopic ratios of various elements: He, Ar, S, and others. 相似文献
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奥地利安东帕有限公司 《岩矿测试》2009,28(3):306-306
最新的流行病学研究表明,空气中较高浓度的悬浮细颗粒可能对人类的健康有不利的影响。根据该项研究显示,由于心脏病、慢性呼吸问题和肺功能指标恶化而导致死亡率的升高与细尘粒子有关。这些研究结果已经促使欧盟于1999年4月出台了限制空气中二氧化硫、二氧化氮、氧化氮、铅和颗粒物含量的法案(1999/30/EC),对各项指标包括对可吸入PM10颗粒的浓度提出了新的限制性指标。PM10颗粒是指可以通过预分级器分离采集的气体动力学直径小于10μm的细颗粒。目前研究的兴趣重点逐步偏向PM2.5这些更细微颗粒物,PM2.5这种颗粒物对健康有明显的不利影响。在欧盟指令2008/50/EC中,对PM10和PM2.5都提 相似文献
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Mining induced subsidence can significantly affect mining costs where major surface facilities and natural environment need to be protected. Overburden grout injection is a technology used to control coal mine subsidence by injecting the mine waste material extracted from the coal back into the inter-burden rock during longwall mining. The flowing slurry is here categorised as a nonlinear viscous cohesive (Bingham plastic) fluid. During longwall mining the grout slurry is pumped into the separated beds of the rock mass through a central vertical borehole, which is drilled deep into the inter-burden rock strata above the coal seam. However, a blockage can occur in the injection system when the slurry velocity falls below a certain critical threshold velocity, indicating a material phase change from cohesive-viscous to cohesive-frictional. In situ field injection tests through boreholes have been simulated at a smaller scale at the CSIRO laboratory in Brisbane by pumping the slurry through a radial disk (gap = 4 mm) from its centre. Laboratory experiments indicate a general, nonlinear, cohesive, viscous, frictional model for shear behaviour of the slurry, in which the material shear parameters are functions of the disk radial distance. Complete dimensional and dimensionless analytical solutions have been developed based on an approach related to Bingham–Herschel–Bulkley fluid mechanics. The derived formulae include relations for minimum pump pressure, local pressure and pressure gradient, wall shear stress, volume rate, velocity and velocity gradient. The theoretical results match the experimental measurements. The experiments covered slurries with maximum particle sizes of 0.5 to 2 mm with about 50% being larger than 100 µm. The viscosities at the various solids concentrations were measured with a standard torsion viscometer. This study differs from the previous research in several distinct aspects, namely, consideration of the variable shear parameters rather than fixed values, inclusion of total nonlinear behaviour, and implementation of a friction function to mimic behaviour of the deposited and consolidating stiff slurry, which can cause a significant pressure rise as a result of the increased shear resistance. 相似文献
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Alexander E. C. Broberg J. S. Kehren A. R. Graziani M. M. Turri W. L. 《Environmental Geology》1993,22(4):353-361
Bellechester, Minnesota, is a small community of approximately 155 residents located on the county line between Goodhue and Wabasha counties in southeast Minnesota's karst region. Bellechester is served by a 21-year-old wastewater treatment facility (WWTF) consisting of three waste-stabilization ponds. On 28 April 1992 six sinkholes were discovered to have drained cell 2 of the WWTF resulting in the loss of approximately 8.7×106 1 of partially treated effluent and about 600 m3 of soil into previously undetected subsurface voids of unknown dimensions. In the week following the collapse, approximately 200 water wells located within a 5-km radius of the WWTF were sampled in an after-the-fact, emergency sampling program. Twelve samples with elevated fecal coliform levels, 18 samples with nitrate-nitrogen greater than the 10 mg/1 standard, and no samples with elevated chlorides were found. However, the elevated levels could not be unambiguously attributed to the WWTF collapse. This is the third WWTF to fail by sinkhole collapse in southeast Minnesota since 1974. All three collapsed lagoons have been located in similar geomorphic and stratigraphic settings. However, at least two lagoons have collapsed in the adjacent area in northeast Iowa, and these lagoons are located at different stratigraphic positions. Twenty-two WWTFs constructed in southeast Minnesota's karst region in the last 25 years have been identified as subject to potential sinkhole collapse. An unknown but significant number of manure storage lagoons, flood control structures, etc., have also been constructed in the karst region and are at risk. Public agencies are beginning to develop plans to deal with the risk associated with existing and future waste lagoons in this environment. The critical hydrogeologic parameters that can be used to prioritize the risk of collapse at existing facilities include: (1) the lithology of the first bedrock beneath each lagoon, (2) the thickness of surficial materials between the lagoon and the bedrock surface, (3) the presence and construction of liners (seepage rate), and (4) the proximity to existing sinkholes. 相似文献
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岩石密度和超高压岩石折返速率 总被引：1，自引：3，他引：1
在常温常压条件下对中国大陆科学钻CCSD主孔100-3000米岩心样品进行了密度测量,建立了密度连续剖面,并界定了不同超高压岩石的密度值。通过对比高温高压物性实验资料,岩石密度随着退变程度增强而降低,榴辉岩密度变化序列为3.52g/cm3→3.49g/cm3→3.07g/cm3→2.93g/cm3。超高压长英质岩石密度变化序列为3.00g/cm→2.80g/cm3→2.65g/cm3。上述实验资料是讨论不同折返阶段岩石所受浮力的基础,为研究折返速率大小提供了基本参数。本文通过折返板块运动平衡时,上浮力与粘滞力平衡这一关系式,定量研究了大陆俯冲板块的折返速率,认为密度差产生上浮力从而引起折返,温度对板块折返速率的影响最为显著;密度差大小、折返角度、折返板块大小对折返速率也有直接的影响。定量模拟分析表明,在温度高于850℃时,板块的折返速率可以超过100mm/a;当温度降至700℃时,折返速率则低于1.5mm/a。作者认为在折返早期,温度较高,板块快速折返至60-70km榴辉岩相深度;随着传导散热,温度降低,板块以较慢的速率折返至中下地壳。折返速率的估算表明,浮力是板块折返第一阶段(从>100km深部折返至<40km的中下地壳)的主要驱动力。 相似文献
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滇东南锡、银、铅、锌多金属矿床主要分布在个旧、白牛厂、都龙3个矿区,而滇东南较大的3个花岗岩体又分别出露在3个矿区或附近.花岗岩体均形成于燕山晚期,岩石化学、矿物成分相似,富含锡、银、铅、锌、钨、铜等成矿元素.矿床主金属元素组合与岩体之间的距离由远而近出现由锡、钨、(铍、铌、钽)→锡、钨、(铁)、铜、铟→锡、铅、锌、银、铟、(锑)有规律的变化.花岗岩浆是成矿物质来源和成矿热源.岩浆侵入初期使上覆地层隆起产生背斜(凹陷部位成向斜);同时使地层产生一系列裂隙、压性断层或层间断裂;岩浆侵入晚期,这些断层再次活动,表现为张性,岩浆产生的含矿热液沿由其活动所造成的断裂迁移、充填、交代、沉淀而形成矿床. 相似文献