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1.
卓玛矿床位于云南香格里拉格咱弧东北部,属斑岩-热液脉型铜多金属矿床。矿体主要赋存于矿区石英二长斑岩内及附近,严格受NW向断裂控制。卓玛矿床的形成经历了黄铁矿-石英(Ⅰ)、黄铁矿±黄铜矿--石英(Ⅱ)、黄铁矿±黄铜矿±方铅矿±闪锌矿-石英(Ⅲ)及贫硫化物-石英-碳酸盐(Ⅳ)四个成矿阶段。通过对各成矿阶段研究样品石英颗粒中的原生流体包裹体进行岩相学、显微测温学及激光拉曼光谱研究,探讨卓玛铜多金属矿床成矿流体特征,结果表明:Ⅰ阶段石英中主要发育富CO_2及气液两相型包裹体;Ⅱ阶段石英中主要发育碳质、富CO_2、含CO_2及气液两相4种类型包裹体;Ⅲ阶段石英中主要发育含CO_2及气液两相型包裹体;Ⅳ阶段石英中主要发育富CO_2、含CO_2及气液两相3种类型包裹体。激光拉曼光谱显示碳质包裹体主要成分为CO_2和CH_4,而CO_2包裹体中除CO_2和CH_4气相成分外,还有部分H_2O。因此,综合研究结果显示卓玛铜多金属矿床成矿流体为中温、低盐度的CO_2--CH_4-Na Cl--H_2O体系热液。成矿过程中,流体温度和盐度数值略有降低趋势,成矿流体的不混溶作用是导致成矿物质大量卸载的关键因素。 相似文献
2.
河南省栾川南泥湖斑岩型钼钨矿床流体包裹体研究 总被引：20，自引：11，他引：9
河南省栾川县南泥湖超大型钼钨矿床形成于秦岭造山带的燕山期大陆碰撞体制,流体成矿过程包括早、中、晚3个阶段,分别以石英+钾长石±辉钼矿±黄铁矿、石英+多金属硫化物±碳酸盐和石英+碳酸盐+萤石组合为标志,矿石矿物主要沉淀于中阶段.早、中阶段石英中可见纯CO_2包裹体、CO_2-H_2O型包裹体、水溶液包裹体和含子晶多相包裹体,但晚阶段萤石中只发育水溶液包裹体.早阶段流体包裹体均一温度集中于350～460℃,盐度为5.68 wt%～17.87 wt% NaCl.eqv.中阶段包裹体均一温度集中在250～380℃,盐度为3.00 wt%～38.16 wt% NaCl.eqv;中阶段多相包裹体中常见石盐、黄铜矿和未知种类的子矿物,指示流体具有沸腾所致的还原性、过饱和特征;盐度相差悬殊的含子晶多相包裹体、富气相水溶液包裹体和富液相水溶液包裹体共存,在相近温度下异相均一,表明流体沸腾的存在.晚阶段流体包裹体均一温度集中在115～265℃,盐度介于0.53 wt%～1.23 wt%NaCl.eqv之间.估算早、中阶段流体捕获压力分别为70～300MPa和30～150MPa,推测成矿深度约为3km.总之,成矿流体具高温、高盐度、高氧逸度、富CO_2的特征;流体沸腾导致CO_2逃逸,氧化性降低,成矿物质沉淀. 相似文献
3.
藏南吉松铅锌矿流体包裹体特征及其地质意义 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
吉松铅锌矿床位于喜马拉雅造山带东部,矿体由石英-方解石-硫化物脉组成,主要受北东向断裂构造控制。矿石矿物组合为闪锌矿、方铅矿和少量磁黄铁矿、黄铜矿;脉石矿物包括石英、方解石、毒砂和黄铁矿等。矿床可划分为：Ⅰ.毒砂-黄铁矿-石英阶段;Ⅱ.磁黄铁矿-闪锌矿-方铅矿-黄铜矿-石英阶段;Ⅲ.石英-方解石-黄铁矿阶段;Ⅳ.表生氧化阶段。石英、方解石中包裹体以气液两相水包裹体为主,含少量CO2包裹体和纯液相水包裹体。成矿流体特征为中低温度、低盐度、低密度,显微测温结果显示：Ⅰ 阶段的均一温度范围225~345 ℃,盐度为0.21%~11.93% NaCl eqv;Ⅱ 阶段的均一温度范围145~339 ℃,盐度为0.35%~13.26% NaCl eqv;Ⅲ 阶段的均一温度范围210~350 ℃,盐度为0.35%~15.31% NaCl eqv。流体包裹体特征表明成矿流体发生了沸腾作用,可能是矿质沉淀的主要原因。分析表明该矿床为中低温热液脉型铅锌矿床。 相似文献
4.
河南桐柏老湾金矿床是桐柏-大别山(北坡)金银成矿带内大型造山带型金矿床之一。文章对该矿床的上上河矿段进行了矿床地质和成矿流体地球化学研究,旨在查明该矿段的流体成矿过程。根据矿脉穿插关系、矿石结构构造、矿物共生组合以及黄铁矿的粒度和晶形,将老湾金矿上上河矿段成矿过程划分为:石英粗粒自形黄铁矿(Ⅰ)、石英细粒半自形-他形黄铁矿(Ⅱ)、石英多金属硫化物(Ⅲ)及石英碳酸盐(Ⅳ)4个阶段。镜下观察显示,矿床中的包裹体类型有含CO_2包裹体(LH_2O+LCO_2+VCO_2)、纯CO_2包裹体(LCO_2+VCO_2)、液相包裹体(LH_2O+VH_2O)及少量含子晶包裹体(LH_2O+VH_2O+S)。第Ⅰ阶段、第Ⅱ阶段和第Ⅲ阶段均可见含CO_2包裹体、纯CO_2包裹体和液相包裹体,有时可见含CO_2包裹体与液相包裹体共存。流体包裹体显微测温结果表明,成矿流体可近似看做中温、低盐度、富CO_2的NaCl-H_2O-CO_2体系,纯CO_2包裹体和液相包裹体所代表的流体可能是由含CO_2包裹体所代表的Na Cl-H_2O-CO_2流体经不混溶形成的,三者在寄主矿物沉淀时,被同时捕获而共存。从第Ⅰ阶段到第Ⅳ阶段,成矿流体温度从303~379℃逐渐降低到138~195℃,盐度w(Na Cleq)从4.07%~9.59%逐渐降低到1.06%~2.74%。在成矿的第Ⅰ阶段成矿流体发生了不混溶作用,而在第Ⅱ阶段和第Ⅲ阶段流体中的CO_2起泡分离再次引发了不混溶作用。从第Ⅰ阶段到第Ⅲ阶段,成矿流体的δ18OH_2O从6.56‰~9.71‰经1.89‰~4.01‰变化到0.08‰,δDH_2O从-78.1‰~-64.2‰经-79.5‰~-76.3‰变化到-72.6‰,表明老湾金矿第Ⅰ阶段成矿流体主要为岩浆热液,第Ⅱ阶段成矿流体中有少量大气降水加入,第Ⅲ阶段成矿流体中大气降水的比例明显加大。 相似文献
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河南冷水北沟铅锌银矿床流体包裹体研究及矿床成因 总被引：16，自引：22，他引：16
河南栾川冷水北沟铅锌银矿床位于华北克拉通南界栾川断裂北侧。矿床赋存于中-晚元古代浅变质碎屑岩建造中,受断裂控制,矿体呈脉状;矿石主要由金属硫化物,少量石英和碳酸盐组成;围岩蚀变和成矿过程分为4个阶段,以石英- 黄铁矿组合(Ⅰ阶段)、黄铁矿-闪锌矿组合(Ⅱ阶段)、多金属硫化物(Ⅲ阶段)和碳酸盐(Ⅳ阶段)为标志。包裹体研究表明,成矿流体为含 CH_4的碳水体系,盐度为0.22～13.8 wt% NaCl eqv.。从早到晚,流体包裹体均一温度为420℃～340℃(Ⅰ)、370℃～280℃(Ⅱ)、320℃～260℃(Ⅲ)和<260℃(Ⅳ)。Ⅰ、Ⅱ阶段的流体盐度低于8 wt% NaCl eqv.,Ⅲ阶段增高至13.8 wt%NaCl eqv.,甚至偶见子晶。Ⅰ、Ⅱ阶段的流体包裹体均一压力分为两组,即180～200MPa 和70～80MPa,代表着深约8km 的静水与静岩压力系统的共存或交替;Ⅲ阶段只有70～80MPa 一组压力,指示开放环境注入的静水压力体系。Ⅰ、Ⅱ阶段静岩与静水压力系统的交替现象完全吻合于断层阀模式,含 CH_4的 CO_2-H_O 流体的脉动沸腾消耗了流体成矿系统热能,并使盐度不断增高、成矿。该认识可被Ⅱ阶段广泛存在的沸腾流体包裹体组合证明,也与流体包裹体成分类型、矿物共生组合特征、矿石组构的规律演化相一致。以上表明,冷水北沟是一个典型的形成于碰撞造山挤压向伸展转变期的造山型 Pb-Zn-Ag 矿床实例,成矿机理可由碰撞造山成岩成矿与流体作用模型(即 CMF 模式)所解释。 相似文献
6.
十五里桥金矿床位于上黑龙江Au（Cu-Mo）成矿带内,上黑龙江盆地南缘、腰站断陷北缘与二十二站隆起南缘交接地带. 矿床可划分为4个成矿阶段：Ⅰ—脉状黄铁矿-石英阶段;Ⅱ—浸染状黄铁矿±黄铜矿-石英阶段;Ⅲ—浸染状黄铁矿±黄铜矿±闪锌矿±方铅矿-石英阶段;Ⅳ—少硫化物-碳酸盐阶段. 其中多金属硫化物-石英阶段为主成矿阶段. 流体包裹体研究表明,Ⅱ、Ⅲ阶段发育富气相和富液相型流体包裹体,Ⅱ阶段流体发生不混溶,均一温度介于283~394 ℃之间,盐度介于2.56%~7.99%（NaCl当量,质量分数）之间;Ⅲ阶段均一温度介于251~298 ℃,盐度介于2.56%~5.09%（NaCl当量,质量分数）,属于简单的NaCl-H2O体系. H-O同位素指示成矿流体主要为大气降水;S同位素指示成矿物质主要来自深源岩浆硫. 十五里桥金矿床为火山岩容矿的浅成中温热液型矿床. 相似文献
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藏南松多地区板多铅锌矿床位于冈底斯成矿带东段,矿床产于松多岩组、花岗闪长岩与隐伏似斑状花岗岩的接触带及其附近,迄今共圈定3个矿体,矿体呈脉状、透镜状,受北东向断裂控制。矿石中主要金属矿物为方铅矿、闪锌矿与黄铜矿,其次为毒砂、黄铁矿、磁黄铁矿等;非金属矿物以石英、绢云母为主,其次为白云母与方解石。矿床可划分为3个成矿阶段:Ⅰ.石英-毒砂-黄铁矿-磁黄铁矿阶段;Ⅱ.石英-黄铁矿-闪锌矿-黄铜矿-方铅矿阶段;Ⅲ.石英-方解石阶段。其中,第Ⅱ阶段为主成矿阶段。为查明成矿物理化学条件和成矿流体特征,选取主要成矿阶段的石英开展流体包裹体岩相学和显微测温研究。结果表明,石英主要发育气液两相包裹体,并含有少量纯液相与纯气相包裹体;成矿流体属中温、低盐度、低密度的Na Cl-H2O体系;成矿早期存在沸腾现象,之后,流体的减压降温应是铅锌富集成矿的主要因素。综合成矿地质条件、矿床地质特征及流体包裹体研究,初步认为,板多铅锌矿属中温热液脉型铅锌矿床。 相似文献
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满洲里地区是得尔布干成矿带最重要的银铅锌矿床产出地区。文中以额仁陶勒盖银矿床和查干布拉根银铅锌矿床为例,系统研究了该区银铅锌矿床成矿流体特征,探讨了矿床成因类型。研究表明,额仁陶勒盖银矿床以气液两相水溶液包裹体为主,流体包裹体均一温度为242～334℃,平均265℃,盐度(质量分数)为1.73%～4.48%NaCl_(eqv),平均2.70%NaCl_(eqv),流体密度为0.72～0.84 g/cm~3,平均0.80 g/cm~3,流体压力为13～26 MPa,平均18 MPa,对应的成矿深度为0.5～1.0 km,平均0.7 km,成矿流体总体上属于H_2O-NaCl体系。查干布拉根银铅锌矿床发育气液两相水溶液包裹体、含CO_2包裹体和纯CO_2包裹体,流体包裹体均一温度为179～367℃,平均261℃,盐度(质量分数)为2.23%～6.87%NaCl_(eqv),平均4.35%NaCl_(eqv),流体密度为0.65～0.91 g/cm~3,平均0.82 g/cm~3,成矿压力为15～46 MPa,平均25 MPa,对应的成矿深度为0.6～1.7km,平均0.9 km,成矿流体总体上属于H_2O-CO_2-CH_4-NaCl体系。两个矿床的成矿流体均属于中低温、低盐度、中等密度流体。额仁陶勒盖银矿床成矿流体主要来自大气降水,大气水的混入是银沉淀的主要机制,其矿床成因属于浅成低温热液型;查干布拉根银铅锌矿床成矿流体属于岩浆水与大气降水的混合水,流体不混溶作用或沸腾作用是查干布拉根矿床银铅锌沉积的主要机制,其矿床成因属于中低温热液脉型。满洲里地区银铅锌矿床的成矿时代为早白垩世,成矿与晚侏罗世—早白垩世火山-侵入岩浆活动晚期的火山-次火山热液密切相关,矿床产出于伸展背景下的中生代陆相火山断陷盆地中。 相似文献
9.
青海什多龙热液脉型钼铅锌矿床流体包裹体研究及矿床成因 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
什多龙热液脉型钼铅锌矿床受印支期成生的NNW向断裂构造控制,与该期构造运动导致的花岗岩类岩体的侵入活动紧密关联.热液成矿过程包括四个阶段,依次以石英-辉钼矿化(Ⅰ)、石英-黄铁矿-闪锌矿化(Ⅱ)、石英-多金属硫化物化(Ⅲ)及石英-碳酸盐化(Ⅳ)为特征.矿石石英中主要发育两类流体包裹体:富水的CO2-H2O两相包裹体与H2O溶液包裹体(包括富气相、富液相与纯液相三类).Ⅰ阶段包裹体均一温度为317～ 397℃,盐度为9.98％～12.28％ NaCleqv;Ⅱ阶段包裹体均一温度为226 ～ 342℃,盐度为4.34％ ～ 10.98％ NaCleqv;Ⅲ阶段包裹体均一温度为131 ～247℃,盐度为2.07％ ～5.41％NaCleqv.流体叠加作用强烈,早阶段矿石石英中常见沿微裂隙捕获的晚阶段包裹体.流体包裹体气液相组分的分阶段热爆研究表明,成矿流体主要属于K+-Na+-SO42-型,从Ⅰ阶段至Ⅱ、Ⅲ阶段,阴阳离子总量急剧降低;气相组分除H2O与CO2外,还含有相对较多的N2、CH4等气体.Ⅰ阶段流体为混入了大气降水的岩浆水,Ⅱ阶段发生流体混合作用,大量大气降水与部分地层水混入流体系统中,Ⅲ阶段流体以大气降水及地层水为主.流体混合作用及伴随的温压条件的降低是导致铅锌等成矿元素沉淀与富集的重要机制. 相似文献
10.
河南省栾川县三道庄钼钨矿床地质和流体包裹体研究 总被引：20，自引：9，他引：11
河南省栾川县三道庄钼钨矿床是东秦岭钼矿带的5个超大型钼矿床之一,产于华北克拉通南缘,形成于燕山期碰撞造山体制的后碰撞构造环境.矿体定位于燕山期花岗斑岩与栾川群浅变质碎屑岩-碳酸盐建造的外接触带,矿石构造主要是浸染状和网脉状,广泛发育长英质脉、辉钼矿脉、石英.辉钼矿脉、石英-黄铁矿脉、碳酸盐-萤石脉等.围岩蚀变类型复杂,主要有矽卡岩化、钾化、硅化、绿帘石化、绿泥石化、绢云母化、碳酸盐化、萤石化以及黄铁矿化、辉钼矿化等硫化物化,矿石类型主要是矽卡岩型和角岩型,属于典型矽卡岩型钼钨矿床.成矿过程分为矽卡岩阶段(早)、石英-硫化物阶段(中)和石英-碳酸盐(晚)3个阶段.流体包裹体有CO_2-H_2O、H_2O-NaCl和含子晶包裹体等3种类型,早阶段主要发育CO_2-H_2O和含子晶包裹体,晚阶段只见H_2O-NaCl包裹体,中阶段发育3类包裹体;早、中、晚3个阶段流体包裹体均一温度分别为394～552℃、290～410℃和140～290℃,盐度分别为20.60 wt%～67.18 wt% NaCl.eqv、6.30 wt%～48.55 wt%NaCl.eqv和3.39 wt%～11.46wt% NaCl.eqv.早阶段流体具有高温、高盐度、富含CO_2的岩浆热液特征,晚阶段流体以低温、低盐度、贫CO_2为特征,中阶段流体沸腾作用强烈,是成矿物质快速沉淀的重要机制.成矿系统由静岩压力向静水压力体系转变,趋于开放. 相似文献
11.
Guboglo M. N. 《GeoJournal》1980,4(1):53-58
International unity is becoming ever stronger in this country owing to an increasing similarity in the development of the cultural environment. This comprises the provision of all the country's republics with a sufficient number of schools, theatres, and other institutions and cultural information media in accordance with the needs of the population. An important part is played by the rise in ‘the general educational level, as well as the level of professional qualifications and skills. Among all the Soviet nations and nationalities, this rise being more rapid among formerly backward peoples. Prominent among the factors of internationalization is the progressive development of the nationalities’ cultural resources, while professional culture is being increasingly brought within the reach of the masses.The implementation of the nationalities policy promotes the all-round development of all Soviet nations and nationalities, their drawing together, the upsurge of the individual capabilities of every Soviet citizen. 相似文献
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Chronological analyses of correlations between certain global repeating events (mass extinctions of marine organisms, meteorite impacts, and flashes in the frequency of geomagnetic reversals) during the Phanerozoic Eon and the motion of the solar system in the Galaxy are presented for five rotationally symmetrical models for the regular Galactic gravitational field. Thirteen of sixteen mass-extinction events can be described by a repetition interval of 183±3 million years. This is in agreement with the anomalistic period (interval between two subsequent passages of the Sun through the apocenter of its Galactic orbit) in the model of Allen and Martos. The positions of the minima and maxima in Gaussian functions approximating the frequency distribution for geomagnetic reversals also agree with the times of passage of the Sun through the apocenter and pericenter, respectively, of its Galactic orbit in this model. The maximum in the distribution of the deviations of the dates of mass extinctions from the nearest dates of impacts of large, crater-forming bodies is close to zero, providing evidence that many such events are correlated. As a rule, extinctions follow impact events. The impacts of large bodies have occurred most often when the solar system passes through the Galactic plane, while mass extinctions occur more often at some distance from the Galactic plane (about 40 pc). As a rule, intervals of increases in the frequency of geomagnetic reversals coincide with dates of impacts of large bodies. At the same time, these intervals do not show a clear correlation with the dates of mass extinctions. The intensity of mass extinctions, like the energy released by impacts, is consistently higher in periods when the Sun is moving from the apocenter toward the pericenter of its orbit, than when it is moving from the pericenter toward the apocenter. Thus, there is evidence for a variety of relationships between repeating global events in the Phanerozoic and the motion of the Sun in the Galaxy. Long-period variations in the frequency of geomagnetic reversals are correlated with the orbital motion of the Sun, and increases in the frequency of geomagnetic reversals are correlated with impacts. Mass extinctions are correlated with the impacts of large bodies, whose motions may have been perturbed by clouds of interstellar material concentrated toward the Galactic plane and by the shock front associated with the Perseus spiral arm, through which the solar system passes. The velocity of the Sun relative to the spiral pattern is estimated. 相似文献
14.
Deviation of the major axis of the inertia ellipsoid of the Moon from the direction toward the Earth
B. P. Kondratyev 《Astronomy Reports》2017,61(8):709-714
It is known from observations that the center of mass of the Moon does not coincide with the geometric center of its figure, and the line connecting these two centers is not aligned with the direction toward the center of the Earth, instead deviating toward the Southeast. This stationary deviation of the axis of the inertia ellipsoid of the Moon to the South of the direction toward the Earth is analyzed. A system of five linear differential equations describing the physical libration of the Moon in latitude is considered, and these equations are derived using a new vector method taking into account perturbations from the Earth and partly from the Sun. The characteristic equation of this system is obtained, and all five oscillation frequencies are found. Special attention is paid to the fifth (zero) frequency, for which the solution of the latitude libration equations are stationary and represents a previously unknown additional motion of the rotational axis of theMoon in a cone with a small opening angle. In contrast to the astronomical precession of the Earth, the rotation of the angular-velocity vector is in the positive direction (counter-clockwise), with the period T 3 = 27.32 days. On this basis, this phenomenon has been named “quasi-precession.” This quasi-precession leads to a stationary inclination of the major axis of the inertia ellipsoid of theMoon to the South (for an observer on Earth), making it possible to explain one component of the observed deviation of the center of mass of the Moon from the direction toward the Earth. The opening angle of the quasiprecession cone is approximately 0.834″. 相似文献
15.
位于华北和扬子两板块碰撞带中的苏鲁榴辉岩形成的温压条件不但是超高压，而且是高温。榴辉岩的PTt轨迹表明其为陆-陆磁撞俯冲带的产物。榴辉岩的区域性围岩花岗质片麻岩为新元古代同碰撞期花岗岩，榴辉岩及其他直接围岩皆呈包体存在于其中，并见新元古代花岗岩呈脉状侵入榴辉岩包体中。区域性围岩新元古代花岗岩的锆石中发现有柯石英、绿辉石等包裹体，表明新元古代花岗岩的组成物质也经受过超高压变质作用，且榴辉岩与围岩新元古代花岗岩的锆石U-Pb体系同位素年龄基本相同。但新元古代花岗岩所记录的变质作用和变形作用期次（或阶段）却少于榴辉岩。椐上述可得如下推断：超高压榴辉岩与新元古代花岗岩岩浆是同时在碰撞带底部（俯冲板块前部）形成的；榴辉岩的第一折返阶段是由新元古代花岗岩岩浆携带上升的，其第二折返阶段是和新元古代花岗岩一起由逆冲及区域性隆起而上升，遭受剥蚀。 相似文献
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17.
摩擦桩基桩土间极限摩阻力取值问题探讨 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
通过对广珠东线高速公路横沥大桥的试桩及土体的工程地质条件分析,总结出影响摩擦桩基桩土间极限摩阻力取值的一般问题以及解决问题的方法和措施。 相似文献
18.
某高速公路下伏煤矿采空区稳定性分析 总被引：10，自引：0，他引：10
在论述某高速公路下伏砦脖煤矿采空区地质、采矿和工程地质特征的基础上, 进行了稳定性数值模拟分析, 定性与定量地分析与评价了该煤矿采空区的地表变形特征及稳定性。研究结果表明: 该煤矿采空区的变形尚未完成, 对拟建的高速公路将产生很大的危害, 必须采取相应的工程治理措施。 相似文献
19.
The structure of the eastern Pyrenees consists mainly of south-directed thrusts involving basement and cover rocks. An antiformal stack developed by the piling up of basement thrust sheets which outcrop in the Axial zone. These structures account for a thin-skinned thrust model rather than a vertical fault model in which the Axial zone would be essentially autochthonous, and the North-Pyrenean fault the axial plane of a fan thrust system. New data from the Eastern Pyrenees and the thin-skinned model suggest that(1) the structure east of the Pedraforca nappe is similar to that of the Central Pyrenees; (2) the cover rocks of the South-Pyrenean units and of the Axial zone-after restoration—built up a northwards-thickening prism consistent with the existence of a unique Pyrenean sedimentary basin during Mesozoic time; (3) the Axial zone is only a complex antiformal stack developed as a part of South-Pyrenean system related to the Paleogene thrusting-tectonics. The Axial zone palaeogeographic area had no special meaning during Mesozoic time. 相似文献
20.
Michel Westphal Mikhail L. Bazhenov Jean Paul Lauer Diamar M. Pechersky Jean-Claude Sibuet 《Tectonophysics》1986,123(1-4)
We first re-examined the apparent polar wander curves for stable Eurasia and Africa since the Triassic. These curves were then combined together with curves of North and South America according to the kinematics of the Atlantic ocean and a synthetic polar wander curve was given. Then, most of the paleomagnetic results from the Tethys mobile belt, from the Atlantic to the Pamirs, were analysed.Several groups of plates, microplates and blocks can be seen. First, relatively stable regions like Maghreb and Sicily, which have not moved much. Then we have a group formed by Iberia, Sardinia, Italy and, to a lesser extent, Corsica and the Western and Central Alps. For these blocks, movements are anticlockwise rotations chiefly driven by the anticlockwise rotation of Africa, but they are sometimes stronger.To the east, a major change takes place. The north of the Aegean Sea and the Ionian zone are clockwise rotated and these rotations are recent: Oligocene-Miocene for the first part, Pliocene to the present for the second part.A major problem arises in Turkey, Caucasus and Iran. Paleomagnetic results indicate a position far to the south of Eurasia, and, at the same time, geological evidence is in favour of a position close to Eurasia. We discuss these discrepancies. 相似文献