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干旱戈壁荒漠区地处我国西北部地区,天山、北山、祁连山三大多金属成矿带横贯其中,成矿条件优越,找矿尤其是找隐伏矿的潜力巨大,但受风成砂土的影响,很难获知覆盖层下方的矿化信息.穿透性地球化学已被证实是有效寻找隐伏矿的方法,其被定义为能探测深部隐伏矿体发出的直接信息的勘查地球化学理论与方法技术.笔者在花牛山铅锌矿开展土壤微细粒全量测量、金属活动态测量(水溶态测量、黏土吸附态测量、铁锰氧化物态测量)和地电化学测量多种穿透性地球化学勘查方法实测工作,结果表明,5种测量方法分析数据主成矿元素(铅、锌)异常衬度高,变异系数大,富集成矿可能性大,地球化学异常与深部隐伏矿体位置吻合,相比较而言,土壤微细粒全量测量效果最好,黏土吸附态测量、铁锰氧化物态测量和地电化学测量效果较好,水溶态测量效果稍差;所选方法技术针对干旱戈壁荒漠区寻找隐伏铅锌矿是有效的.气固介质中内生条件下的纳米金属微粒的发现为利用土壤作为采样介质的穿透性地球化学方法技术(土壤微细粒测量、金属活动态测量)提供了理论基础.电提取泡塑载体中大量的微米级的黏土矿物颗粒发现,以及微量元素异常与铁、铝等常量元素异常高度一致,初步推断地电化学测量提取过程是对黏土矿物颗粒选择性吸附过程. 相似文献
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深穿透地球化学方法在山东大尹格庄金矿区试验研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
山东大尹格庄金矿埋深距地表距离大于200 m,属典型的隐伏矿床。选择大尹格庄金矿开展金属活动态测量、地球气测量、地电化学测量、土壤全量测量的方法,以检验深穿透地球化学方法勘查隐伏矿的有效性。试验结果显示:在埋深达300 m的隐伏金矿体上方发现了较明显的地球气、水提取与地电化学Au异常,异常与已知金矿体位置吻合程度较高,而土壤全量测量只在蚀变带头部有所反映,显示了深穿透地球化学方法在隐伏矿勘查中的良好应用前景。 相似文献
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为解决干旱高山区的深部找矿问题和探索地电化学法在干旱高山区寻找隐伏铜镍矿产的可行性,在青海化隆拉水峡铜镍矿区开展了地电提取测量法、土壤离子电导率测量法寻找隐伏铜镍矿的试验研究,通过对已知矿体的地电化学法找矿试验,在隐伏铜镍矿体上测出了清晰的地电化学异常。对矿区的深部及外围的找矿预测中,在A区发现3个地电化学Ni、Cu及电导率异常,在B区发现3个地电化学Cu异常、1个Ni异常、3个电导率异常,在C区发现了3个地电化学Cu异常、2个地球化学Ni异常、3个电导率异常,推测在上述地电化学异常区内寻找隐伏铜镍矿会有新的突破。 相似文献
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土壤微细粒分离测量是一种可应用于隐伏矿勘查的地球化学技术, 亟需开展多景观、多矿种有效性实验。本文以位于湿润低山丘陵区的江西通江岭铜矿为研究区, 开展土壤微细粒分离测量试验, 并讨论其异常形成机理。结果显示, 主成矿元素Cu与Zn、Pb、Ag、Au等有较强的相关性, 该组元素富集系数大、空间变异强, 在研究区内趋于强烈富集。面积性试验结果显示Cu-Pb-Zn-Au多元素组合异常与已知矿体有良好对应关系。剖面试验表明断层和地层接触界面土壤成矿元素含量较高, Cu、Pb、Zn等异常可以指示隐伏矿体。根据元素组合及空间分布特征, 预测研究区东部第四系覆盖区存在隐伏铜金矿体以及19线南段深部有隐伏多金属矿体, 其中19号线南段在2019年详查工作中钻获铜铅锌多金属矿体。以上结果证实了低山丘陵景观区土壤微细粒测量探测隐伏矿床的有效性。断裂带、地层接触带既是容矿空间, 也是深部成矿物质向地表迁移的主要通道, 灰岩地层中的溶蚀缝与构造缝是次要迁移通道。深部成矿物质在多营力作用下迁移至地表, 并被土壤微细粒中的铁锰氧化物、黏土矿物和无定型硅铝氧化物所捕获, 在地表形成地球化学异常。 相似文献
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在覆盖区寻找隐伏矿床是解决目前资源困境的重要途径之一。国内外所发展的深穿透地球化学方法对已知隐伏矿床开展了大量试验研究,取得了较好的效果。由于无法确定地表金属元素异常是否直接来自深部矿体,使上述方法未在未知覆盖区开展广泛的找矿工作,因此急需发展地表异常示踪技术。贵州水银洞金矿是我国超大型全隐伏的卡林型金矿床,成矿流体富含S、Au、As、Sb、Hg等元素。本文以该矿床为研究对象,采集地表微细粒土壤样品,分析5种微量元素(Au、As、Cu、Sb、Hg)的含量,以验证微细粒土壤全量测量技术在该矿床的找矿效果,并用S、Pb同位素识别地表土壤异常来源。研究发现：(1)微细粒土壤测量技术在该矿区的指示效果好,Au-As-Sb-Hg高异常区与隐伏矿体和断层的分布较为吻合,其中Hg对隐伏矿体的指示效果最好;(2)隐伏矿体及断层上方土壤中δ34S值、放射成因的w(207Pb)/w(204Pb)和w(206Pb)/w(204Pb)显著高于围岩区土壤,可有效示踪地表微细粒土壤中的异常来自于深部的隐伏... 相似文献
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冀北地区是火山岩型铀矿产出有利区,该区发现的460铀钼矿是北方地区典型的火山岩型铀矿床。在460铀钼矿体上方开展了土壤细粒级测量和金属活动态测量2种地球化学勘查方法的试验工作,目的是为该地区铀矿找矿工作提供地球化学方法指导。剖面测量结果显示,在铀钼矿体上方,土壤细粒级和金属活动态测量都存在明显的U、Mo异常,其中,土壤细粒级U、Mo异常强度和规模较活动态U、Mo突出。U活动态含量以黏土吸附态最强,表明活动态铀以细粒级黏土吸附为主,Mo活动态含量以水溶态最强,表明钼主要以可溶解的钼酸盐形式存在。土壤细粒级和金属活动态面积性测量圈定的异常分布范围与矿区的分布较为一致,说明这2种方法对圈定隐伏火山岩型铀矿都是有效的。 相似文献
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S. Viswanathan K. Surya Prakash Rao B. Mahabaleswar 《Journal of the Geological Society of India》2013,82(6):621-627
Komatiites are mantle-derived ultramafic volcanic rocks. Komatiites have been discovered in several States of India, notably in Karnataka. Studies on the distribution of trace-elements in the komatiites of India are very few. This paper proposes a simple, accurate, precise, rapid, and non-destructive wavelength-dispersive x-ray fluorescence (WDXRF) spectrometric technique for determining Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th in komatiites, and discusses the accuracy, precision, limits of detection, x-ray spectral-line interferences, inter-element effects, speed, advantages, and limitations of the technique. The accuracy of the technique is excellent (within 3%) for Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th and very good (within 4%) for Y. The precision is also excellent (within 3%) for Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th. The limits of detection are: 1 ppm for Sc and V; 2 ppm for Cr, Co, and Ni; 3 ppm for Cu, Zn, Rb, and Sr; 4 ppm for Y and Zr; 6 ppm for Nb; 10 ppm for Ba; 13 ppm for Pb; and 14 ppm for Th. The time taken for determining Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th in a batch of 24 samples of komatiites, for a replication of four analyses per sample, by one operator, using a manual WDXRF spectrometer, is only 60 hours. 相似文献
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E. M. Prasolov S. A. Sergeev B. V. Belyatsky E. S. Bogomolov K. A. Gruzdov I. N. Kapitonov R. Sh. Krymsky V. O. Khalenev 《Geochemistry International》2018,56(1):46-64
This paper reports the first results of a study of 11 isotope systems (3He/4He, 40Ar/36Ar, 34S/32S, 65Cu/63Cu, 62Ni/60Ni, 87Sr/86Sr, 143Nd/144Nd, 206–208Pb/204Pb, Hf–Nd, U–Pb, and Re–Os) in the rocks and ores of the Cu–Ni–PGE deposits of the Norilsk ore district. Almost all the results were obtained at the Center of Isotopic Research of the Karpinskii All-Russia Research Institute of Geology. The use of a number of independent genetic isotopic signatures and comprehensive isotopic knowledge provided a methodic basis for the interpretation of approximately 5000 isotopic analyses of various elements. The presence of materials from two sources, crust and mantle, was detected in the composition of the rocks and ores. The contribution of the crustal source is especially significant in the paleofluids (gas–liquid microinclusions) of the ore-forming medium. Crustal solutions were probably a transport medium during ore formation. Air argon is dominant in the ores, which indicates a connection between the paleofluids and the atmosphere. This suggests intense groundwater circulation during the crystallization of ore minerals. The age of the rocks and ores of the Norilsk deposits was determined. The stage of orebody formation is restricted to a narrow age interval of 250 ± 10 Ma. An isotopic criterion was proposed for the ore-bearing potential of mafic intrusions in the Norilsk–Taimyr region. It includes several interrelated isotopic ratios of various elements: He, Ar, S, and others. 相似文献
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奥地利安东帕有限公司 《岩矿测试》2009,28(3):306-306
最新的流行病学研究表明,空气中较高浓度的悬浮细颗粒可能对人类的健康有不利的影响。根据该项研究显示,由于心脏病、慢性呼吸问题和肺功能指标恶化而导致死亡率的升高与细尘粒子有关。这些研究结果已经促使欧盟于1999年4月出台了限制空气中二氧化硫、二氧化氮、氧化氮、铅和颗粒物含量的法案(1999/30/EC),对各项指标包括对可吸入PM10颗粒的浓度提出了新的限制性指标。PM10颗粒是指可以通过预分级器分离采集的气体动力学直径小于10μm的细颗粒。目前研究的兴趣重点逐步偏向PM2.5这些更细微颗粒物,PM2.5这种颗粒物对健康有明显的不利影响。在欧盟指令2008/50/EC中,对PM10和PM2.5都提 相似文献
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Mining induced subsidence can significantly affect mining costs where major surface facilities and natural environment need to be protected. Overburden grout injection is a technology used to control coal mine subsidence by injecting the mine waste material extracted from the coal back into the inter-burden rock during longwall mining. The flowing slurry is here categorised as a nonlinear viscous cohesive (Bingham plastic) fluid. During longwall mining the grout slurry is pumped into the separated beds of the rock mass through a central vertical borehole, which is drilled deep into the inter-burden rock strata above the coal seam. However, a blockage can occur in the injection system when the slurry velocity falls below a certain critical threshold velocity, indicating a material phase change from cohesive-viscous to cohesive-frictional. In situ field injection tests through boreholes have been simulated at a smaller scale at the CSIRO laboratory in Brisbane by pumping the slurry through a radial disk (gap = 4 mm) from its centre. Laboratory experiments indicate a general, nonlinear, cohesive, viscous, frictional model for shear behaviour of the slurry, in which the material shear parameters are functions of the disk radial distance. Complete dimensional and dimensionless analytical solutions have been developed based on an approach related to Bingham–Herschel–Bulkley fluid mechanics. The derived formulae include relations for minimum pump pressure, local pressure and pressure gradient, wall shear stress, volume rate, velocity and velocity gradient. The theoretical results match the experimental measurements. The experiments covered slurries with maximum particle sizes of 0.5 to 2 mm with about 50% being larger than 100 µm. The viscosities at the various solids concentrations were measured with a standard torsion viscometer. This study differs from the previous research in several distinct aspects, namely, consideration of the variable shear parameters rather than fixed values, inclusion of total nonlinear behaviour, and implementation of a friction function to mimic behaviour of the deposited and consolidating stiff slurry, which can cause a significant pressure rise as a result of the increased shear resistance. 相似文献
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Alexander E. C. Broberg J. S. Kehren A. R. Graziani M. M. Turri W. L. 《Environmental Geology》1993,22(4):353-361
Bellechester, Minnesota, is a small community of approximately 155 residents located on the county line between Goodhue and Wabasha counties in southeast Minnesota's karst region. Bellechester is served by a 21-year-old wastewater treatment facility (WWTF) consisting of three waste-stabilization ponds. On 28 April 1992 six sinkholes were discovered to have drained cell 2 of the WWTF resulting in the loss of approximately 8.7×106 1 of partially treated effluent and about 600 m3 of soil into previously undetected subsurface voids of unknown dimensions. In the week following the collapse, approximately 200 water wells located within a 5-km radius of the WWTF were sampled in an after-the-fact, emergency sampling program. Twelve samples with elevated fecal coliform levels, 18 samples with nitrate-nitrogen greater than the 10 mg/1 standard, and no samples with elevated chlorides were found. However, the elevated levels could not be unambiguously attributed to the WWTF collapse. This is the third WWTF to fail by sinkhole collapse in southeast Minnesota since 1974. All three collapsed lagoons have been located in similar geomorphic and stratigraphic settings. However, at least two lagoons have collapsed in the adjacent area in northeast Iowa, and these lagoons are located at different stratigraphic positions. Twenty-two WWTFs constructed in southeast Minnesota's karst region in the last 25 years have been identified as subject to potential sinkhole collapse. An unknown but significant number of manure storage lagoons, flood control structures, etc., have also been constructed in the karst region and are at risk. Public agencies are beginning to develop plans to deal with the risk associated with existing and future waste lagoons in this environment. The critical hydrogeologic parameters that can be used to prioritize the risk of collapse at existing facilities include: (1) the lithology of the first bedrock beneath each lagoon, (2) the thickness of surficial materials between the lagoon and the bedrock surface, (3) the presence and construction of liners (seepage rate), and (4) the proximity to existing sinkholes. 相似文献
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岩石密度和超高压岩石折返速率 总被引：1，自引：3，他引：1
在常温常压条件下对中国大陆科学钻CCSD主孔100-3000米岩心样品进行了密度测量,建立了密度连续剖面,并界定了不同超高压岩石的密度值。通过对比高温高压物性实验资料,岩石密度随着退变程度增强而降低,榴辉岩密度变化序列为3.52g/cm3→3.49g/cm3→3.07g/cm3→2.93g/cm3。超高压长英质岩石密度变化序列为3.00g/cm→2.80g/cm3→2.65g/cm3。上述实验资料是讨论不同折返阶段岩石所受浮力的基础,为研究折返速率大小提供了基本参数。本文通过折返板块运动平衡时,上浮力与粘滞力平衡这一关系式,定量研究了大陆俯冲板块的折返速率,认为密度差产生上浮力从而引起折返,温度对板块折返速率的影响最为显著;密度差大小、折返角度、折返板块大小对折返速率也有直接的影响。定量模拟分析表明,在温度高于850℃时,板块的折返速率可以超过100mm/a;当温度降至700℃时,折返速率则低于1.5mm/a。作者认为在折返早期,温度较高,板块快速折返至60-70km榴辉岩相深度;随着传导散热,温度降低,板块以较慢的速率折返至中下地壳。折返速率的估算表明,浮力是板块折返第一阶段(从>100km深部折返至<40km的中下地壳)的主要驱动力。 相似文献
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Mercury,arsenic, antimony,and selenium contents of sediment from the Kuskokwim River,Bethel, Alaska,USA 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
The Kuskokwim River at Bethel, Alaska, drains a major mercury-antimony metallogenic province in its upper reaches and tributaries. Bethel (population 4000) is situated on the Kuskokwim floodplain and also draws its water supply from wells located in river-deposited sediment. A boring through overbank and floodplain sediment has provided material to establish a baseline datum for sediment-hosted heavy metals. Mercury (total), arsenic, antimony, and selenium contents were determined; aluminum was also determined and used as normalizing factor. The contents of the heavy metals were relatively constant with depth and do not reflect any potential enrichment from upstream contaminant sources. 相似文献