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黑河流域水资源及现阶段合理开发利用 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
黑河是我国西部较大的一条内陆河,近30多年来,由于中游地区水资源开发利用程度不断提高,使进入下游额济纳平原的地表水逐渐减少,导致下游生态环境发生恶化.为了拯救下游绿洲,改善生态环境,自1992年起对黑河中、下游用水实行计划调度,1999年开始实施国家定量分水方案.根据近几年的最新调查研究成果,计算评价了黑河流域的总水资源、地表水资源、地下水资源、地表水和地下水的利用现状及开采潜力.在此基础上,提出现阶段中游以加强引输水工程改造、提高地表水资源利用率和推广田间节水灌溉工程,发挥水利用效益;下游以适度开发利用地下水、加强地表水和地下水综合开发利用,改善生态环境.为中、下游科学分配地表水资源和合理开发利用地下水资源提供科学依据. 相似文献
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甘肃西北部黑河流域水资源对下游生态环境变化的影响阈 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
从流域尺度水资源承载能力及其有限性、可变性和上下游关联性的角度,探讨了黑河流域下游区生态环境变化的影响阈,阐明了不同水文年中游区的安全引水量和不同目标下下游区的生态环境修复对水资源的需求阈.基于多年平均地表径流量37.8×108m3/a的安全引水量为13.97×108m3/a和枯水年份(95%保证率)的安全引水量为10.14×108m3/a,下游区初步改善生态环境的生态需水量为8.01×108m3/a.提出了中游区经济社会可持续发展的水资源保障阈,即未来20年生产生活安全需水量介于22×108～23×108m3/a之间.在此基础上,阐明了在中游区经济社会稳定持续发展目标约束下确保黑河流域下游区生态环境不断改善的流域水资源优化配置模式及对策. 相似文献
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利用清政府布设在黄河中游三门峡万锦滩、沁河下游木栾店以及永定河下游石景山、卢沟桥的志桩水位记录,以首次涨水超过0.64m作为汛期建立的标志,在候尺度下恢复了其汛期建立时间距平序列。黄河中游、沁河下游和永定河下游序列分别开始于1766年、1736年和1761年。研究时段内,黄河中游和沁河下游平均在7月6~10日入汛、永定河则在7月16~20日。永定河相对较为稳定,显示出其上游雨季开始时间基本维持在7月初,而黄河中游和沁河却波动较大,早晚相差达3个月;黄河中游与沁河入汛距平波动的同相位现象在19世纪中期之后比较明显。1870~1900年代黄河中游、沁河和永定河入汛普遍延迟1个候左右,对应于黄土高原夏温偏低的时期;1820~1860年代黄河中游、沁河入汛偏早,则对应了黄土高原夏温偏高。 相似文献
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从流域尺度水资源承载能力及其有限性、可变性和上下游关联性的角度,探讨了黑河流域下游区生态环境变化的影响阈,阐明了不同水文年中游区的安全引水量和不同目标下下游区的生态环境修复对水资源的需求阈。基于多年平均地表径流量37.8×108m3/a的安全引水量为13.97×108m3/a和枯水年份(95%保证率)的安全引水量为10.14×108m3/a,下游区初步改善生态环境的生态需水量为8.01×108m3/a。提出了中游区经济社会可持续发展的水资源保障阈,即未来20年生产生活安全需水量介于22×108～23×108m3/a之间。在此基础上,阐明了在中游区经济社会稳定持续发展目标约束下确保黑河流域下游区生态环境不断改善的流域水资源优化配置模式及对策。 相似文献
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《水文地质工程地质》2018,(6)
研究黑河干流水资源的可持续利用问题,有助于促进中游盆地的科学用水,保障下游区域的生态稳定。黑河干流中游灌区由于过度引水,导致其正义峡下泄量偏离了国家97分水方案的调控目标。以中游盆地张掖、临泽和高台农灌区为主要研究对象,基于多目标多约束方程构建了水资源可持续利用规划模型。模型模拟表明,正义峡下泄量主要受莺落峡径流量、灌区引水量以及黑河大桥-正义峡段地下水溢出量等的影响与控制。模型预测显示,通过灌区节水措施降低灌溉定额,黑河干流水资源可以在支撑中游灌区现状灌溉面积用水量的同时,确保正义峡下泄量达到国家分水方案确定目标。多目标规划模型的研究结论,确立了中游盆地水资源可持续利用的用水方案,该方案将有效解决中游和下游水事矛盾,既可以保障中游人工绿洲经济发展,也可以保护下游生态环境。 相似文献
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基于长江中游沿岸地质环境条件及过江大桥场地建设基本要求,优选地形地貌、工程地质条件及区域稳定性3个评价因素,运用层次分析法开展长江中游沿岸过江大桥工程场地建设适宜性评价,将长江中游沿岸过江大桥工程分为适宜开发岸线、较适宜开发岸线、一般适宜开发岸线及非优先开发岸线4个等级。长江中游沿岸地区以较适宜开发岸线和一般适宜开发岸线为主,长度分别为625.19 km和598.99 km,分别占岸线总长度的31.35%和30.04%。针对长江中游不同等级岸线的地质特征,提出了相应的地学建议,为长江中游沿岸过江大桥优化选址提供地学指导,进一步促进长江经济带国土资源空间规划与岸线资源保护利用工作的开展。 相似文献
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基于长江中游沿岸地质环境条件及过江大桥场地建设基本要求,优选地形地貌、工程地质条件及区域稳定性3个评价因素,运用层次分析法开展长江中游沿岸过江大桥工程场地建设适宜性评价,将长江中游沿岸过江大桥工程分为适宜开发岸线、较适宜开发岸线、一般适宜开发岸线及非优先开发岸线4个等级。长江中游沿岸地区以较适宜开发岸线和一般适宜开发岸线为主,长度分别为625.19 km和598.99 km,分别占岸线总长度的31.35%和30.04%。针对长江中游不同等级岸线的地质特征,提出了相应的地学建议,为长江中游沿岸过江大桥优化选址提供地学指导,进一步促进长江经济带国土资源空间规划与岸线资源保护利用工作的开展。 相似文献
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《中国地质调查》2019,(5)
基于长江中游沿岸地质环境条件及过江大桥场地建设基本要求,优选地形地貌、工程地质条件及区域稳定性3个评价因素,运用层次分析法开展长江中游沿岸过江大桥工程场地建设适宜性评价,将长江中游沿岸过江大桥工程分为适宜开发岸线、较适宜开发岸线、一般适宜开发岸线及非优先开发岸线4个等级。长江中游沿岸地区以较适宜开发岸线和一般适宜开发岸线为主,长度分别为625.19 km和598.99 km,分别占岸线总长度的31.35%和30.04%。针对长江中游不同等级岸线的地质特征,提出了相应的地学建议,为长江中游沿岸过江大桥优化选址提供地学指导,进一步促进长江经济带国土资源空间规划与岸线资源保护利用工作的开展。 相似文献
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Guboglo M. N. 《GeoJournal》1980,4(1):53-58
International unity is becoming ever stronger in this country owing to an increasing similarity in the development of the cultural environment. This comprises the provision of all the country's republics with a sufficient number of schools, theatres, and other institutions and cultural information media in accordance with the needs of the population. An important part is played by the rise in ‘the general educational level, as well as the level of professional qualifications and skills. Among all the Soviet nations and nationalities, this rise being more rapid among formerly backward peoples. Prominent among the factors of internationalization is the progressive development of the nationalities’ cultural resources, while professional culture is being increasingly brought within the reach of the masses.The implementation of the nationalities policy promotes the all-round development of all Soviet nations and nationalities, their drawing together, the upsurge of the individual capabilities of every Soviet citizen. 相似文献
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Jiayu Rong Michael Melchin S. Henry Williams Tatyana N. Koren Jacques Verniers 《《幕》》2008,31(3):315-318
The Global Stratotype Section and Point （GSSP） for the base of the Silurian System was defined in 1985. Since that time, a number of researchers have suggested that this section has serious deficiencies for use as a GSSP. As a result, in 2000, the Subcommission on Silurian Stratigraphy （SSS） proposed undertaking a formal restu@ of this GSSP, which was subsequently approved by the International Commission of Stratigraphy （ICS）. The result of this restudy was the formal proposal that the current GSSP, at 1.6 m above the base of the Birkhill Shale, at Dob＇s Linn, Scotland, should be maintained as the same locality and stratigraphic level, but the bios- tratigraphical definition of the boundary should be revised. The previously defined, basal Silurian grapto- lite zone, the Parakidograptus acuminatus Zone, should be subdivided into a lower Akidograptus ascensus Zone and a higher E acuminatus Zone. The base of the A. ascensus Zone, marked by the first appearance of A. ascensus, should be regarded as the biostratigraphic mark for the base of the Silurian. This proposal has now been formally approved by the SSS and ICS, and ratified by International Union of Geological Sciences. This is the first GSSP to undergo formal restudy and redefini- tion, and the proposal also included a recommended procedure for restudy of GSSPs. 相似文献
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Deviation of the major axis of the inertia ellipsoid of the Moon from the direction toward the Earth
B. P. Kondratyev 《Astronomy Reports》2017,61(8):709-714
It is known from observations that the center of mass of the Moon does not coincide with the geometric center of its figure, and the line connecting these two centers is not aligned with the direction toward the center of the Earth, instead deviating toward the Southeast. This stationary deviation of the axis of the inertia ellipsoid of the Moon to the South of the direction toward the Earth is analyzed. A system of five linear differential equations describing the physical libration of the Moon in latitude is considered, and these equations are derived using a new vector method taking into account perturbations from the Earth and partly from the Sun. The characteristic equation of this system is obtained, and all five oscillation frequencies are found. Special attention is paid to the fifth (zero) frequency, for which the solution of the latitude libration equations are stationary and represents a previously unknown additional motion of the rotational axis of theMoon in a cone with a small opening angle. In contrast to the astronomical precession of the Earth, the rotation of the angular-velocity vector is in the positive direction (counter-clockwise), with the period T 3 = 27.32 days. On this basis, this phenomenon has been named “quasi-precession.” This quasi-precession leads to a stationary inclination of the major axis of the inertia ellipsoid of theMoon to the South (for an observer on Earth), making it possible to explain one component of the observed deviation of the center of mass of the Moon from the direction toward the Earth. The opening angle of the quasiprecession cone is approximately 0.834″. 相似文献
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Important tendencies in development of the world mineral-resources sector at the beginning of the 21st century were an increase in production and consumption of mineral materials differentiated by types of metals and nonmetallic mineral raw materials, by countries and regions, as well as the concentration of the production of mineral raw materials in a small number of countries, and a reduction in industrial reserves of minerals in the world economy, even at the current stage of their extraction. These tendencies should be taken into account in working out a strategy for development of the Russian mineral raw-material base. 相似文献
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Fouad N. Ibrahim Dr. 《GeoJournal》1988,17(1):133-141
Taking the example of W Sudan, an analysis of the climatic incidents leading to the two recent famine disasters is made. On this natural background, the human side is investigated. Focus is directed towards the fragile economic structure of the famine-prone population groups. An early-warning system for famine in the Sahelian Zone is proposed taking grain production and storage, livestock development and the relationship between the prices of livestock and grain as major indicators. 相似文献
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东濮凹陷北部沙三中亚段广泛发育盐岩和烃源岩,这两个看似不能共存的物质却在这里互层共生。该时期研究区沉积特征为多盐韵律与多层烃源岩互层共生、连续沉积,单个盐韵律厚度从几米到十几米,烃源岩有机质丰度高、类型好。平面上,两者在湖盆沉积沉降中心共生;垂向上,高有机质丰度、好干酪根类型与高盐度地层具有较好的对应关系。因而成为恢复古气候和古环境的重要研究对象。通过岩石学、古生物学以及Sr/Ba、B/Ga、(V+Ni+Mn)、Fe/Mn、Sr/Cu、Mg/Ca、V/(V+Ni)、稀土元素含量和氯同位素等方法对凹陷北部沙三中亚段的沉积环境进行研究。结果表明,凹陷北部沙三中亚段为深水沉积的还原环境,古盐度较高,达到半咸水-咸水沉积;微量元素和孢粉化石特征表明研究区沙三中亚段为温暖潮湿的环境。 相似文献
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郯庐断裂南段研究进展与断裂性质讨论 总被引：13，自引：3，他引：13
据1：5万区域地质调查和专题研究资料，就郯庐断裂带是否南延与消失的原因，其与大别—苏鲁造山带交截形成的假位错效应，以及与中新生代沉积盆地形成演化的关系等作了新的阐述。在此基础上，讨论了郯庐断裂带是否为巨大的左行平移断层或转换断层。认为郯庐断裂带可能是在“古郯庐带”的基础上于早侏罗世重新活动、白垩纪强烈活动的地堑型枢纽断裂带。 相似文献
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The Importance of the Precipitation and the Susceptibility of the Slopes for the Triggering of Landslides Along the Roads 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
Clemente Irigaray Francisco Lamas Rachid El Hamdouni Tomás Fernández José Chacón 《Natural Hazards》2000,21(1):65-81
In order to characterise the influence of the heavyrains on the observed landslides during the 1996–1997hydrological cycle, rainfall records for the last 100years are analysed from 104 stations in easternAndalusia. Regarding the amounts of rain recordedbetween October 1996 and March 1997 in the 104stations studied, 31 presented new all-time records;15 presented values that were 80–100% of thepre-1995 record; 49 stations, 80–50%; and 9stations, < 50%. A map has been devised of thesusceptibility of the materials through which thesouth-eastern Andalusian road network crosses,together with an inventory of the damage caused byinstability phenomena on banks and cuttings of theroad network during the winter of 1996–1997. Therelationships between the rainfall during the studyperiod, the damage caused to the road network and thesusceptibility of the materials affected are analysed.The results indicate that there is a clearcorrespondence between the rainfall recorded and thesusceptibility of the materials with the inventorieddamage. It is concluded that the widespread seriousdamage caused in early 1997 to the roads andsurrounding areas in the Alpujarra region and thecoast of the Province of Granada was mainly caused bythe extraordinarily heavy rains. However, considerablyless damage was observed where the susceptibility ofthe terrain is low, thus highlighting the extremeusefulness of terrain-susceptibility maps for riskprevention and territorial planning. 相似文献