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北京市永定河冲洪积扇中上部,具备建设地下水库的基本条件。本文在确定永定河地下水库水资源人工补给方式的基础上,分析了各方式的入渗能力,提出了地下水库的人工补给方案,利用地下水数值模拟的预测结果和有效储水率计算公式,首次研究了地下水库的储水能力,分析了永定河地下水库的水资源补给效果。结果表明,永定河地下水库水资源人工补给能力最大可达18．93m^3／s,回灌地表水2．42×108m^3的情况下地下水位最大回升32m,地下水储存量增加2．09×108m^3,回灌后1年和5年的有效蓄水率分别为78．6％和46．8％,北京永定河地下水库具有较好水资源回灌能力、储存能力,地下水人工调蓄能够起到明显的效果。 相似文献
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潮白河冲洪积扇中上游地区作为北京市最主要地表水和地下水供给区,在城市供水中的作用举足轻重。由于多年连续超采,地下水位持续下降,1999-2013年地下水位下降最大达45 m;应急水源地地区地下水硬度年均上升2.6%,密云十里堡地区地下水硬度和硝酸盐氮超标。通过分析潮白河冲洪积扇区域地下水开发利用、地下水位和水质变化情况以及地下水位变化对地下水水质的影响,认为：超量开采导致的地下水水位下降是引起该区域地下水水质恶化的主要原因之一,控制地下水超量开采和地表水污染,并利用南水北调的水进京之机回灌和停采以涵养地下水,是恢复区域水资源和水环境的良好途径。 相似文献
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地下水模型是研究地下水运动与储存的有效方法之一,可用来进行地下水调蓄研究。以永定河冲洪积扇为例,在分析水文地质条件的基础上,建立地下水模型,利用该模型确定了五种调蓄方案,并以其中一个具有代表性的方案为例对调蓄方案进行效果分析。经计算,研究区的实际最大回灌能力为24243.84×104m3;调蓄后,均衡差由-4033.88×104m3增加为18538.50×104m3;水位回升明显,回灌效果显著。利用地下水模型研究地下水调蓄取得了较好的效果。 相似文献
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北京西郊地下水库模式研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
在水文地质条件分析的基础上,探讨北京西郊地下水库调蓄工程的模式。北京西郊位于永定河冲洪积扇的中上部。文中首先论述了北京西郊的水文地质条件和水库的边界条件,地下水库的面积为333 km2,以1983年为最高水位,计算出地下水调蓄库容为8亿m3。地下水库的补给源主要有永定河洪水、官厅水库放水和弃水、用水低峰时南水北调的尾水、城市雨水等,主要调蓄方式为河道、砂石坑和大口井。提出了地下水库工程由回灌水预处理工程、回灌工程、地下水库工程和取水工程等组成,根据北京市西郊水文地质条件、水源以及回灌条件,提出了北京西郊地下水库调蓄工程的三种模式,阐述了各种模式的空间分布、调蓄水源、调蓄方式等,为地下水库工程前期论证和建设提供设计依据。 相似文献
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青海省格尔木山前平原区地下水动态特征分析 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3
在格尔木山前平原区水文地质条件基础上,结合多年地下水位监测资料,对格尔木河冲洪积平原区的多年水位动态特征及其影响因素进行了分析研究,总结出该地区的地下水动态类型.格尔木山前平原区3个不同区域由于赋存条件及开发利用条件的不同,地下水动态类型分异显著.研究区地下水整体流向与地形起伏相一致,自南向北径流,区域上流场形态变化不大.冲洪积扇中上部地下水多年动态处于平衡状态,近年来由于开采力度加大,地下水位呈急速下降趋势,地下水动态类型为水文-径流型;冲洪积扇下部地下水位以区域性下降为主,地下水动态类型主要为蒸发型;冲洪积扇西翼水源地附近由于地下水调蓄能力较强,地下水位总体呈稳定并局部有上升趋势,地下水动态类型为水文-人类活动型. 相似文献
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本文分析了秦岭山前截洪引渗条件,以及涝河冲洪积扇截洪引渗方式与方案及其效果,采用数值模拟方法研究了截洪引渗与地下水库调蓄的协同效应。得出涝河冲洪积扇采取有水库、有引渗方案,实施截洪引渗工程与地下水库调蓄的联动,平水年可增补地下水0.45×108m3/a,丰水年可削减洪峰90%以上,增开状态的地下水位与泉流量仍可持续恢复。秦岭山截洪引渗条件和地下水库调蓄功能优越,实施截洪引渗工程对调节水资源时空分配不均、储蓄南水北调水量,缓解关中地区水资源供需矛盾、减轻洪灾等具有重要意义与作用。 相似文献
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大庆西部地下水位降落漏斗区水资源人工调蓄方案 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
对地下水资源的长期大量集中开采形成了区域性地下水位降落漏斗,地下水的超采引发了一系列环境地质问题。利用降落漏斗区腾空的地下储水空间进行水资源的人工调蓄可使地下水位得到恢复。以地下水为主要供水水源的大庆市目前已形成了东西两个大的区域性地下水位降落漏斗,必须进行地下水人工调蓄。设计并模拟了现状开采、逐年压缩分别在现采和压采基础之上进行人工回灌等4种人工调蓄方案,对大庆西部地下水位降落漏斗区进行水资源人工调蓄。结果表明,压缩开采和人工回灌均可加速降落漏斗区地下水位的恢复,在逐年压缩地下水开采量5%的情况下实施人工回灌（0.45×108m3/a）,地下水位恢复效果最明显,到2010年末,漏斗中心地下水位可回升7.7~10.3 m。 相似文献
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中国北方干旱、半干旱地区,地下水资源在供水中占主导地位。利用业已形成的地下水位降落漏斗,建立地下水库实施水资源人工调蓄,将汛期不可利用的地表雨洪水、河水和水库弃水,通过人工干预引渗补给到地下水库中,对提高区域水资源利用率和优化水资源配置都具有重大的现实意义。平谷是北京市重要的战略性后备水源地,本文以平谷盆地为例,在水文地质条件分析的基础上,从地下储水空间、调蓄水源、补给方式、输汇水条件和入渗能力,以及取水条件等方面对平谷地下水库建库条件进行了系统分析,并提出相应的人工回灌补源工程方案,为平谷地下水库建设提供设计依据。 相似文献
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Guboglo M. N. 《GeoJournal》1980,4(1):53-58
International unity is becoming ever stronger in this country owing to an increasing similarity in the development of the cultural environment. This comprises the provision of all the country's republics with a sufficient number of schools, theatres, and other institutions and cultural information media in accordance with the needs of the population. An important part is played by the rise in ‘the general educational level, as well as the level of professional qualifications and skills. Among all the Soviet nations and nationalities, this rise being more rapid among formerly backward peoples. Prominent among the factors of internationalization is the progressive development of the nationalities’ cultural resources, while professional culture is being increasingly brought within the reach of the masses.The implementation of the nationalities policy promotes the all-round development of all Soviet nations and nationalities, their drawing together, the upsurge of the individual capabilities of every Soviet citizen. 相似文献
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Chronological analyses of correlations between certain global repeating events (mass extinctions of marine organisms, meteorite impacts, and flashes in the frequency of geomagnetic reversals) during the Phanerozoic Eon and the motion of the solar system in the Galaxy are presented for five rotationally symmetrical models for the regular Galactic gravitational field. Thirteen of sixteen mass-extinction events can be described by a repetition interval of 183±3 million years. This is in agreement with the anomalistic period (interval between two subsequent passages of the Sun through the apocenter of its Galactic orbit) in the model of Allen and Martos. The positions of the minima and maxima in Gaussian functions approximating the frequency distribution for geomagnetic reversals also agree with the times of passage of the Sun through the apocenter and pericenter, respectively, of its Galactic orbit in this model. The maximum in the distribution of the deviations of the dates of mass extinctions from the nearest dates of impacts of large, crater-forming bodies is close to zero, providing evidence that many such events are correlated. As a rule, extinctions follow impact events. The impacts of large bodies have occurred most often when the solar system passes through the Galactic plane, while mass extinctions occur more often at some distance from the Galactic plane (about 40 pc). As a rule, intervals of increases in the frequency of geomagnetic reversals coincide with dates of impacts of large bodies. At the same time, these intervals do not show a clear correlation with the dates of mass extinctions. The intensity of mass extinctions, like the energy released by impacts, is consistently higher in periods when the Sun is moving from the apocenter toward the pericenter of its orbit, than when it is moving from the pericenter toward the apocenter. Thus, there is evidence for a variety of relationships between repeating global events in the Phanerozoic and the motion of the Sun in the Galaxy. Long-period variations in the frequency of geomagnetic reversals are correlated with the orbital motion of the Sun, and increases in the frequency of geomagnetic reversals are correlated with impacts. Mass extinctions are correlated with the impacts of large bodies, whose motions may have been perturbed by clouds of interstellar material concentrated toward the Galactic plane and by the shock front associated with the Perseus spiral arm, through which the solar system passes. The velocity of the Sun relative to the spiral pattern is estimated. 相似文献
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Deviation of the major axis of the inertia ellipsoid of the Moon from the direction toward the Earth
B. P. Kondratyev 《Astronomy Reports》2017,61(8):709-714
It is known from observations that the center of mass of the Moon does not coincide with the geometric center of its figure, and the line connecting these two centers is not aligned with the direction toward the center of the Earth, instead deviating toward the Southeast. This stationary deviation of the axis of the inertia ellipsoid of the Moon to the South of the direction toward the Earth is analyzed. A system of five linear differential equations describing the physical libration of the Moon in latitude is considered, and these equations are derived using a new vector method taking into account perturbations from the Earth and partly from the Sun. The characteristic equation of this system is obtained, and all five oscillation frequencies are found. Special attention is paid to the fifth (zero) frequency, for which the solution of the latitude libration equations are stationary and represents a previously unknown additional motion of the rotational axis of theMoon in a cone with a small opening angle. In contrast to the astronomical precession of the Earth, the rotation of the angular-velocity vector is in the positive direction (counter-clockwise), with the period T 3 = 27.32 days. On this basis, this phenomenon has been named “quasi-precession.” This quasi-precession leads to a stationary inclination of the major axis of the inertia ellipsoid of theMoon to the South (for an observer on Earth), making it possible to explain one component of the observed deviation of the center of mass of the Moon from the direction toward the Earth. The opening angle of the quasiprecession cone is approximately 0.834″. 相似文献
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位于华北和扬子两板块碰撞带中的苏鲁榴辉岩形成的温压条件不但是超高压，而且是高温。榴辉岩的PTt轨迹表明其为陆-陆磁撞俯冲带的产物。榴辉岩的区域性围岩花岗质片麻岩为新元古代同碰撞期花岗岩，榴辉岩及其他直接围岩皆呈包体存在于其中，并见新元古代花岗岩呈脉状侵入榴辉岩包体中。区域性围岩新元古代花岗岩的锆石中发现有柯石英、绿辉石等包裹体，表明新元古代花岗岩的组成物质也经受过超高压变质作用，且榴辉岩与围岩新元古代花岗岩的锆石U-Pb体系同位素年龄基本相同。但新元古代花岗岩所记录的变质作用和变形作用期次（或阶段）却少于榴辉岩。椐上述可得如下推断：超高压榴辉岩与新元古代花岗岩岩浆是同时在碰撞带底部（俯冲板块前部）形成的；榴辉岩的第一折返阶段是由新元古代花岗岩岩浆携带上升的，其第二折返阶段是和新元古代花岗岩一起由逆冲及区域性隆起而上升，遭受剥蚀。 相似文献
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摩擦桩基桩土间极限摩阻力取值问题探讨 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
通过对广珠东线高速公路横沥大桥的试桩及土体的工程地质条件分析,总结出影响摩擦桩基桩土间极限摩阻力取值的一般问题以及解决问题的方法和措施。 相似文献
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某高速公路下伏煤矿采空区稳定性分析 总被引：10，自引：0，他引：10
在论述某高速公路下伏砦脖煤矿采空区地质、采矿和工程地质特征的基础上, 进行了稳定性数值模拟分析, 定性与定量地分析与评价了该煤矿采空区的地表变形特征及稳定性。研究结果表明: 该煤矿采空区的变形尚未完成, 对拟建的高速公路将产生很大的危害, 必须采取相应的工程治理措施。 相似文献
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The structure of the eastern Pyrenees consists mainly of south-directed thrusts involving basement and cover rocks. An antiformal stack developed by the piling up of basement thrust sheets which outcrop in the Axial zone. These structures account for a thin-skinned thrust model rather than a vertical fault model in which the Axial zone would be essentially autochthonous, and the North-Pyrenean fault the axial plane of a fan thrust system. New data from the Eastern Pyrenees and the thin-skinned model suggest that(1) the structure east of the Pedraforca nappe is similar to that of the Central Pyrenees; (2) the cover rocks of the South-Pyrenean units and of the Axial zone-after restoration—built up a northwards-thickening prism consistent with the existence of a unique Pyrenean sedimentary basin during Mesozoic time; (3) the Axial zone is only a complex antiformal stack developed as a part of South-Pyrenean system related to the Paleogene thrusting-tectonics. The Axial zone palaeogeographic area had no special meaning during Mesozoic time. 相似文献
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Michel Westphal Mikhail L. Bazhenov Jean Paul Lauer Diamar M. Pechersky Jean-Claude Sibuet 《Tectonophysics》1986,123(1-4)
We first re-examined the apparent polar wander curves for stable Eurasia and Africa since the Triassic. These curves were then combined together with curves of North and South America according to the kinematics of the Atlantic ocean and a synthetic polar wander curve was given. Then, most of the paleomagnetic results from the Tethys mobile belt, from the Atlantic to the Pamirs, were analysed.Several groups of plates, microplates and blocks can be seen. First, relatively stable regions like Maghreb and Sicily, which have not moved much. Then we have a group formed by Iberia, Sardinia, Italy and, to a lesser extent, Corsica and the Western and Central Alps. For these blocks, movements are anticlockwise rotations chiefly driven by the anticlockwise rotation of Africa, but they are sometimes stronger.To the east, a major change takes place. The north of the Aegean Sea and the Ionian zone are clockwise rotated and these rotations are recent: Oligocene-Miocene for the first part, Pliocene to the present for the second part.A major problem arises in Turkey, Caucasus and Iran. Paleomagnetic results indicate a position far to the south of Eurasia, and, at the same time, geological evidence is in favour of a position close to Eurasia. We discuss these discrepancies. 相似文献