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1.
侯海峰 《地质与勘探》2019,55(S1):351-356
通过对贵州水城—纳雍地区峨眉山玄武岩风化壳离子吸附型稀土矿床的风化壳结构、矿体垂向变化特征的综合研究,总结了矿床特征、风化壳特征、区域成矿条件。风化壳中全风化层是稀土矿富集最好的层位; (La/Yb)N、ΣLREE/ΣHREE比值较高,属于强轻稀土富集类型。严格受母岩、地形、气候、地层、构造等因素共同作用。稀土矿床具备分布面广、埋藏浅、厚度大、品位高等地质特征。可以指导贵州西部地区寻找同类型大型稀土矿产地。  相似文献   

2.
贵州西部玄武岩风化壳中稀土矿成矿机理及成矿模式   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
峨眉山玄武岩在四川、云南、贵州分布区形成广泛而稳定的玄武岩风化壳.研究发现在贵州西部的玄武岩风化壳中普遍存在稀土矿(化)点,结合野外踏勘和地球化学找矿等方法,发现玄武岩风化壳中稀土元素富集受到内生条件和外生条件的双重控制.因此,在玄武岩风化壳中寻找稀土矿,要从地形地貌着手,重点在玄武岩出露地表的第四纪夷平面所形成的山岗...  相似文献   

3.
外生稀土矿床的分布、类型和成因概述   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
稀土是当今危机资源,勘探和研究稀土矿床是世界热点。外生矿床是重要的稀土来源之一。本文综述了残-坡积、(河流)冲积和海滨砂矿,碳酸盐岩风化壳型,花岗岩风化壳型等稀土矿床地质特征和成因认识。风化壳型稀土矿床是由富稀土的原岩经过地表机械和化学风化作用形成,母岩稀土的最初富集是形成风化壳型稀土矿床的前提,风化壳继承了母岩的稀土特征。目前世界对重稀土的需求最为突出,中国南岭花岗岩风化壳型重稀土矿床为世界之最。风化是后期稀土提炼富集过程,成矿关键在于花岗岩岩浆阶段重稀土矿物的形成。然而,何种因素形成南岭地区具有稀土成矿潜力的花岗岩,富稀土花岗岩表现出的轻重稀土分异是由于源区性质的差异还是源于岩浆演化过程中的分异作用,以及重稀土矿物的形成机制仍有待于研究。  相似文献   

4.
目前世界上稀土矿床类型主要包括中国内蒙古白云鄂博型稀土矿床、花岗岩型风化壳离子吸附型稀土矿床、以及最新研究发现的深海远洋粘土沉积型稀土矿床。然而贵州西部毕节地区上二叠统宣威组下段高岭石质硬质粘土岩系超常富集稀土的成矿特征研究却并未引起人们的足够重视。最早发现并报道的是1∶20万威宁幅  相似文献   

5.
<正>1研究目的(Objective)与喜马拉雅期碱性杂岩有关的轻稀土是四川省优势矿产,资源潜力大,其中冕宁牦牛坪超大型稀土矿床为世界第三大稀土矿,德昌大陆槽稀土矿床是四川除牦牛坪稀土矿床之外的又一个大型稀土矿。冕宁—德昌稀土成矿带中酸性岩浆发育,气候湿热多雨,风化作用强烈,沿着安宁河谷断裂两侧花岗岩风化壳广泛发育,具有寻找离子吸附型稀土矿的良好前景。本文依托中国地质调查局“攀西冕宁—德昌地区稀土及多金属矿产地质调查”项目,在德昌地区取得稀土矿找矿新进展,发现一处离子吸附型稀土矿点,该矿点位于德昌马岩山黑云母二长花岗岩风化壳中,风化壳平均厚度约10 m,同时位于镧、钇元素浓集中心,成矿条件有利,表现出较好的找矿前景。  相似文献   

6.
陈小平 《地质与勘探》2022,58(6):1341-1352
稀土是重要的战略性关键金属矿产资源,老挝是“一路一带”沿线的重要国家,境内寻找离子吸附性稀土矿找矿潜力巨大。老挝长山褶皱带呈NW-SE向分布,带内海西期黑云母二长花岗岩发育,以低中山地形地貌为主,近期在带内发现多处花岗岩风化壳有关的离子吸附型稀土矿床。文章通过分析该区花岗岩地球化学特征、风化壳剖面及钻孔样品,研究赋存于花岗岩风化壳的离子吸附型稀土矿床成矿地质特征,探讨其在低中山地区的成矿特征,推断低中山地形地貌与矿体分布的关系。研究表明,区内花岗岩风化壳结构分层特征明显,矿体分布受海拔标高及微地貌控制;稀土元素的分馏不仅在垂向上,在水平方向上也十分明显。通过厘定本区离子吸附型稀土矿床成矿特征,发现在低中山地貌区,高海拔第一阶梯矿化不好,且以轻稀土为主,而相对低的第二阶梯矿化较好,矿化强度高,稀土类型向中重稀土过渡的特征明显。  相似文献   

7.
王小六 《地质与勘探》2019,55(S1):343-350
随着贵州西部地区毕节、威宁、赫章等地玄武岩风化壳中离子吸附型稀土矿点的发现,广泛分布于川滇黔三省的峨眉山玄武岩成为一个新的离子吸附型稀土矿重点找矿远景区。本文初步探析了云南宣威地区离子吸附型稀土矿成矿条件,结合赣南地区离子吸附型稀土矿找矿经验,提出了云南宣威地区快速圈定稀土矿找矿靶区的思路。通过云南宣威地区某项目找矿实践,在区内共圈定4个离子吸附型稀土矿找矿靶区,取得了较好的找矿效果。  相似文献   

8.
谭德兴 《安徽地质》2013,23(1):53-58
安徽省皖南地区岩浆岩分布广泛,地貌、气候条件适宜,有利于花岗岩风化壳的形成、保存,且基岩的稀土丰度较高,有利于离子吸附型稀土矿床的形成。通过在皖南地区的工作,分析了离子吸附型稀土矿床的内生成矿条件(基岩中稀土丰度、稀土元素赋存状态、矿物组合及岩石结构、构造),表生成矿条件(气候条件、风化壳发育程度、地貌特征),总结了离子吸附型稀土矿床的成矿特征、找矿标志。  相似文献   

9.
近年来在云南发现了多个离子吸附型稀土矿,特别是滇西的腾冲—陇川地区、临沧—勐海地区成为了找矿突破最大、最受关注的地区.本次工作在腾冲火山岩带南部龙井山发现一套富含轻稀土的第四系中基性火山岩建造,该含矿建造稀土元素丰度平均值达532×10–6.经过系统的调查研究及采样工作,结果表明腾冲龙井山新近纪中的辉石安山岩富含轻稀土,为一种年轻火山岩形成的风化壳型稀土矿床,矿体平均厚度9.15 m,平均品位(TREEO)0.11%,矿体品位、厚度变化与风化壳厚度呈正相关.该中基性火山岩离子吸附型稀土矿床的发现丰富了云南稀土矿床类型.这种年轻的中基性火山岩型稀土矿的成矿地质背景、地球化学特征等,为寻找中基性岩有关的稀土矿床提供参考.  相似文献   

10.
<正>广西是我国花岗岩和火山熔岩风化壳离子吸附型稀土矿床成矿条件和找矿潜力最好的地区之一。近年来,在广西的富川、平乐、钟山、贺县、北流、宁明等县相继发现离子吸附型稀土矿床。当前对广西区内富稀土风化壳的研究程度很低,很多基础的研究工作尚未开展。因此,加强对离子吸附型稀土矿床的成矿规律总结和成因理论分析,对拓宽国内该类型矿床的找矿方向,增加我国稀土资源具有重要意义。  相似文献   

11.
This paper reports the first results of a study of 11 isotope systems (3He/4He, 40Ar/36Ar, 34S/32S, 65Cu/63Cu, 62Ni/60Ni, 87Sr/86Sr, 143Nd/144Nd, 206–208Pb/204Pb, Hf–Nd, U–Pb, and Re–Os) in the rocks and ores of the Cu–Ni–PGE deposits of the Norilsk ore district. Almost all the results were obtained at the Center of Isotopic Research of the Karpinskii All-Russia Research Institute of Geology. The use of a number of independent genetic isotopic signatures and comprehensive isotopic knowledge provided a methodic basis for the interpretation of approximately 5000 isotopic analyses of various elements. The presence of materials from two sources, crust and mantle, was detected in the composition of the rocks and ores. The contribution of the crustal source is especially significant in the paleofluids (gas–liquid microinclusions) of the ore-forming medium. Crustal solutions were probably a transport medium during ore formation. Air argon is dominant in the ores, which indicates a connection between the paleofluids and the atmosphere. This suggests intense groundwater circulation during the crystallization of ore minerals. The age of the rocks and ores of the Norilsk deposits was determined. The stage of orebody formation is restricted to a narrow age interval of 250 ± 10 Ma. An isotopic criterion was proposed for the ore-bearing potential of mafic intrusions in the Norilsk–Taimyr region. It includes several interrelated isotopic ratios of various elements: He, Ar, S, and others.  相似文献   

12.
最新的流行病学研究表明,空气中较高浓度的悬浮细颗粒可能对人类的健康有不利的影响。根据该项研究显示,由于心脏病、慢性呼吸问题和肺功能指标恶化而导致死亡率的升高与细尘粒子有关。这些研究结果已经促使欧盟于1999年4月出台了限制空气中二氧化硫、二氧化氮、氧化氮、铅和颗粒物含量的法案(1999/30/EC),对各项指标包括对可吸入PM10颗粒的浓度提出了新的限制性指标。PM10颗粒是指可以通过预分级器分离采集的气体动力学直径小于10μm的细颗粒。目前研究的兴趣重点逐步偏向PM2.5这些更细微颗粒物,PM2.5这种颗粒物对健康有明显的不利影响。在欧盟指令2008/50/EC中,对PM10和PM2.5都提  相似文献   

13.
Komatiites are mantle-derived ultramafic volcanic rocks. Komatiites have been discovered in several States of India, notably in Karnataka. Studies on the distribution of trace-elements in the komatiites of India are very few. This paper proposes a simple, accurate, precise, rapid, and non-destructive wavelength-dispersive x-ray fluorescence (WDXRF) spectrometric technique for determining Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th in komatiites, and discusses the accuracy, precision, limits of detection, x-ray spectral-line interferences, inter-element effects, speed, advantages, and limitations of the technique. The accuracy of the technique is excellent (within 3%) for Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th and very good (within 4%) for Y. The precision is also excellent (within 3%) for Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th. The limits of detection are: 1 ppm for Sc and V; 2 ppm for Cr, Co, and Ni; 3 ppm for Cu, Zn, Rb, and Sr; 4 ppm for Y and Zr; 6 ppm for Nb; 10 ppm for Ba; 13 ppm for Pb; and 14 ppm for Th. The time taken for determining Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th in a batch of 24 samples of komatiites, for a replication of four analyses per sample, by one operator, using a manual WDXRF spectrometer, is only 60 hours.  相似文献   

14.
《Applied Geochemistry》2001,16(2):137-159
Five hundred and ninety-eight samples of terrestrial moss (Hylocomium splendens and Pleurozium schreberi) collected from a 188,000 km2 area of the central Barents region (NE Norway, N Finland, NW Russia) were analysed by ICP-AES and ICP-MS. Analytical results for Al, B, Ba, Ca, K, La, Mg, Mn, Na, P, Rb, Si, Sr, Th, U and Y concentrations are reported here. Graphical methods of data analysis, such as geochemical maps, cumulative frequency diagrams, boxplots and scatterplots, are used to interpret the origin of the patterns for these elements. None of the elements reported here are emitted in significant amounts from the smelting industry on the Kola Peninsula. Despite the conventional view that moss chemistry reflects atmospheric element input, the nature of the underlying mineral substrate (regolith or bedrock) is found to have a considerable influence on moss composition for several elements. This influence of the chemistry of the mineral substrate can take place in a variety of ways. (1) It can be completely natural, reflecting the ability of higher plants to take up elements from deep soil horizons and shed them with litterfall onto the surface. (2) It can result from naturally increased soil dust input where vegetation is scarce due to harsh climatic conditions for instance. Alternatively, substrate influence can be enhanced by human activity, such as open-cast mining, creation of ‘technogenic deserts’, or handling, transport and storage of ore and ore products, all of which magnify the natural elemental flux from bedrock to ground vegetation. Seaspray is another natural process affecting moss composition in the area (Mg, Na), and this is most visible in the Norwegian part of the study area. Presence or absence of some plant species, e.g., lichens, seems to influence moss chemistry. This is shown by the low concentrations of B or K in moss on the Finnish and Norwegian side of the (fenced) border with Russia, contrasting with high concentrations on the other side (intensive reindeer husbandry west of the border has selectively depleted the lichen population).  相似文献   

15.
16.
This paper discusses the result of the detailed investigations carried out on the coal characteristics, including coal petrography and its geochemistry of the Pabedana region. A total of 16 samples were collected from four coal seams d2, d4, d5, and d6 of the Pabedana underground mine which is located in the central part of the Central-East Iranian Microcontinent. These samples were reduced to four samples through composite sampling of each seam and were analyzed for their petrographic, mineralogical, and geochemical compositions. Proximate analysis data of the Pabedana coals indicate no major variations in the moisture, ash, volatile matter, and fixed carbon contents in the coals of different seams. Based on sulfur content, the Pabedana coals may be classified as low-sulfur coals. The low-sulfur contents in the Pabedana coal and relatively low proportion of pyritic sulfur suggest a possible fresh water environment during the deposition of the peat of the Pabedana coal. X-ray diffraction and petrographic analyses indicate the presence of pyrite in coal samples. The Pabedana coals have been classified as a high volatile, bituminous coal in accordance with the vitrinite reflectance values (58.75–74.32 %) and other rank parameters (carbon, calorific value, and volatile matter content). The maceral analysis and reflectance study suggest that the coals in all the four seams are of good quality with low maceral matter association. Mineralogical investigations indicate that the inorganic fraction in the Pabedana coal samples is dominated by carbonates; thus, constituting the major inorganic fraction of the coal samples. Illite, kaolinite, muscovite, quartz, feldspar, apatite, and hematite occur as minor or trace phases. The variation in major elements content is relatively narrow between different coal seams. Elements Sc,, Zr, Ga, Ge, La, As, W, Ce, Sb, Nb, Th, Pb, Se, Tl, Bi, Hg, Re, Li, Zn, Mo, and Ba show varying negative correlation with ash yield. These elements possibly have an organic affinity and may be present as primary biological concentrations either with tissues in living condition and/or through sorption and formation of organometallic compounds.  相似文献   

17.
18.
19.
《Chemical Geology》2007,236(1-2):13-26
We examined the coprecipitation behavior of Ti, Mo, Sn and Sb in Ca–Al–Mg fluorides under two different fluoride forming conditions: at < 70 °C in an ultrasonic bath (denoted as the ultrasonic method) and at 245 °C using a Teflon bomb (denoted as the bomb method). In the ultrasonic method, small amounts of Ti, Mo and Sn coprecipitation were observed with 100% Ca and 100% Mg fluorides. No coprecipitation of Ti, Mo, Sn and Sb in Ca–Al–Mg fluorides occurred when the sample was decomposed by the bomb method except for 100% Ca fluoride. Based on our coprecipitation observations, we have developed a simultaneous determination method for B, Ti, Zr, Nb, Mo, Sn, Sb, Hf and Ta by Q-pole type ICP-MS (ICP-QMS) and sector field type ICP-MS (ICP-SFMS). 9–50 mg of samples with Zr–Mo–Sn–Sb–Hf spikes were decomposed by HF using the bomb method and the ultrasonic method with B spike. The sample was then evaporated and re-dissolved into 0.5 mol l 1 HF, followed by the removal of fluorides by centrifuging. B, Zr, Mo, Sn, Sb and Hf were measured by ID method. Nb and Ta were measured by the ID-internal standardization method, based on Nb/Mo and Ta/Mo ratios using ICP-QMS, for which pseudo-FI was developed and applied. When 100% recovery yields of Zr and Hf are expected, Nb/Zr and Ta/Hf ratios may also be used. Ti was determined by the ID-internal standardization method, based on the Ti/Nb ratio from ICP-SFMS. Only 0.053 ml sample solution was required for measurement of all 9 elements. Dilution factors of ≤ 340 were aspirated without matrix effects. To demonstrate the applicability of our method, 4 carbonaceous chondrites (Ivuna, Orgueil, Cold Bokkeveld and Allende) as well as GSJ and USGS silicate reference materials of basalts, andesites and peridotites were analyzed. Our analytical results are consistent with previous studies, and the mean reproducibility of each element is 1.0–4.6% for basalts and andesites, and 6.7–11% for peridotites except for TiO2.  相似文献   

20.
Most sulfide-rich magmatic Ni-Cu-(PGE) deposits form in dynamic magmatic systems by partial melting S-bearing wall rocks with variable degrees of assimilation of miscible silicate and volatile components, and generation of barren to weakly-mineralized immiscible Fe sulfide xenomelts into which Ni-Cu-Co-PGE partition from the magma. Some exceptionally-thick magmatic Cr deposits may form by partial melting oxide-bearing wall rocks with variable degrees of assimilation of the miscible silicate and volatile components, and generation of barren Fe ± Ti oxide xenocrysts into which Cr-Mg-V ± Ti partition from the magma. The products of these processes are variably preserved as skarns, residues, xenoliths, xenocrysts, xenomelts, and xenovolatiles, which play important to critical roles in ore genesis, transport, localization, and/or modification. Incorporation of barren xenoliths/autoliths may induce small amounts of sulfide/chromite to segregate, but incorporation of sulfide xenomelts or oxide xenocrysts with dynamic upgrading of metal tenors (PGE > Cu > Ni > Co and Cr > V > Ti, respectively) is required to make significant ore deposits. Silicate xenomelts are only rarely preserved, but will be variably depleted in chalcophile and ferrous metals. Less dense felsic xenoliths may aid upward sulfide transport by increasing the effective viscosity and decreasing the bulk density of the magma. Denser mafic or metamorphosed xenoliths may also increase the effective viscosity of the magma, but may aid downward sulfide transport by increasing the bulk density of the magma. Sulfide wets olivine, so olivine xenocrysts may act as filter beds to collect advected finely dispersed sulfide droplets, but other silicates and xenoliths may not be wetted by sulfides. Xenovolatiles may retard settling of – or in some cases float – dense sulfide droplets. Reactions of sulfide melts with felsic country rocks may generate Fe-rich skarns that may allow sulfide melts to fractionate to more extreme Cu-Ni-rich compositions. Xenoliths, xenocrysts, xenomelts, and xenovolatiles are more likely to be preserved in cooler basaltic magmas than in hotter komatiitic magmas, and are more likely to be preserved in less dynamic (less turbulent) systems/domain/phases than in more dynamic (more turbulent) systems/domains/phases. Massive to semi-massive Ni-Cu-PGE and Cr mineralization and xenoliths are often localized within footwall embayments, dilations/jogs in dikes, throats of magma conduits, and the horizontal segments of dike-chonolith and dike-sill complexes, which represent fluid dynamic traps for both ascending and descending sulfides/oxides. If skarns, residues, xenoliths, xenocrysts, xenomelts, and/or xenovolatiles are present, they provide important constraints on ore genesis and they are valuable exploration indicators, but they must be included in elemental and isotopic mass balance calculations.  相似文献   

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