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本文对五台山区早前寒武纪花岗—绿岩地体中发育的韧性剪切带变形岩石的构造特征及演化、岩石类型划分、形成机制与剪切方向判别、岩石成份变化、变质作用物化环境等作了系统描述和分析,揭示了韧性剪切带变形岩石的特征。 相似文献
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滇西地区的哀牢山、点苍山、崇山及高黎贡山等变质带,都具有韧性剪切带的岩石特征,即以糜棱岩为主、不同类型的韧性变形岩石。本文仅就这些变质带发育的塑性流变及剪切应变特征和变形岩石的大量存在,说明这些变质带都是韧性剪切带。韧性变形岩石除糜棱岩类外,还有千糜岩类和构造片岩类。 相似文献
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辽西兴城—台里地区发育系列花岗质岩石,强烈构造变形特征均显示其具有韧性剪切带的特点。对剪切带北段进行详细宏微观构造解析,结合岩石变形强度差异性分析、有限应变测量、石英C轴EBSD测试以及古差异应力值估算等研究,结果表明剪切带内花岗质片麻岩和眼球状花岗质片麻岩具有NEE向左行剪切变形特征,变形岩石为S-L构造岩,应变类型属于平面应变,古差异应力值介于30~40 MPa之间。长石-石英矿物温度计以及石英C轴EBSD组构指示剪切带以中低温变形为主,温度在400℃~500℃,属绿片岩相变质,具中-低温韧性剪切带特征。韧性剪切带内普遍存在变形分解现象,弱变形带内岩石残斑含量较高,眼球状构造和S-C组构较为发育;强变形带岩石残斑含量较低,剪切面理较为发育,糜棱面理发育较弱或者不发育。 相似文献
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西藏阿里札达韧性剪切带特征及其X光岩组分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
文中简述了西藏阿里札达盆地的地质背景、区域地层和札达韧性剪切带的基本特征。采用X射线衍射法对札达韧性剪切带中的石英、方解石和白云母等三种矿物,进行了X光岩组分析,确定了韧性变形岩石的组构特征、韧性剪切带的属性和变形岩石的应变类型,以及韧性剪切带形成时的温压条件。研究表明,韧性变形岩石均具不对称组构,反映韧性带属于南盘(下盘)俯冲型韧性剪切带,韧性变形是在高温、高压、低应变速率条件下发生的,处于>10km的地壳深度,岩石应变类型以压扁应变为主。 相似文献
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韧性剪切带及糜棱岩的研究是当代地质科学的一项热门课题。而在地壳上广泛分布的碳酸盐岩石中的韧性剪切带的特征研究同样也具有重大意义。本文通过对碳酸盐矿物及岩变形机制和变形习惯的讨论,总结了碳酸盐糜棱岩的一些岩石特征,提出了在碳酸盐岩石中鉴定韧性剪切带的几项标志。 相似文献
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江西大背坞地区浅变质碎屑岩中韧性剪切带变形特征 总被引：7，自引：1，他引：6
浅变质碎屑岩中韧性剪切带的变形特征不同于长英质岩石中的韧性剪切带。以江西大背坞地区为例,阐述了在浅变质碎屑岩中鉴别韧性剪切带的标志,提出这种变形的构造岩的分类方案,同时对大背坞地区韧性剪切带进行应变测量和剪切位移估算,最后在岩石组构特征和综合分析基础上指出这种韧性变形机制是粒间滑动和粒内变形,其形成深度５～８ｋｍ、温度２５０～３５０℃、压力０１０～０２０ＧＰａ,是一种发育在地壳浅层次的低温低压条件下的韧性变形,其变形变质作用相当于低绿片岩相。 相似文献
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老王寨金矿区韧性变质带变形特征和岩石组合 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
老王寨金矿区在构造上是哀牢山韧性剪切带的一部分,为以韧性剪切变质岩加坚硬原岩块体组成的变形-变质地质体,发育有各种韧性变形特征和以糜棱岩、千糜岩为主的岩石组合。金矿化在空间上和形成机制上明显受控于韧性剪切带,老王寨金矿床属含金剪切带类型。 相似文献
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论韧性剪切带研究及其地质意义 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3
系统研究韧性剪切带变形岩在天然强剪切应力作用条件下常量元素迁移机制及活化转移的应力排序、微量元素迁移的动力控制、稀土元素配分变化和变形矿物晶体化学变异的应力制约等构成了当代韧性剪切带研究的前沿课题,也是当前糜棱岩岩石地球化学研究难点和精华所在。其研究成果将对动力成岩（成矿）机理的认识有重要的突破,具有重要的理论意义和潜在应用价值。对韧性剪切带及其变形岩石的研究现状和研究意义进行系统的综述,提出了未来韧性剪切带及其糜棱岩的研究方向和目标:
①系统研究糜棱岩中主要造岩矿物组合及其变形特征,计算剪切变形岩石的应力—应变参数,搞清韧性剪切带所处的应力应变环境;②系统研究韧性剪切带岩石在天然分强剪切应力作用条件下常量元素迁移机制及活化转移的应力排序问题;③系统研究剪切变形作用过程中岩石化学组成的微量和稀土元素变化,讨论强变形条件下岩石中微量元素活化和迁移规律,深入探讨微量元素迁移的动力控制,包括稀土元素配分变化的应力制约以及应变矿物晶格化学变化行为及其对其寄主的变形岩石元素（组分）在应变过程中迁移变化的制约和影响;④从理论上探讨天然强剪切应变条件下岩石中组分活化、转移与应力（应变）的因果联系,为深入探讨韧性剪切带动力成岩（成矿）作用提供理论的科学依据,为探讨中、下地壳中韧性剪切带的形成和演化提供科学依据（如韧性剪切带金的富集）,同时为韧性剪切变形作用条件下成岩、成矿地球化学作用提供理论和实验依据;⑤现代分析技术如激光同位素原位分析以及激光ICP MASS分析技术对研究变形域内的岩石（矿物）的元素和同位素的活化迁移规律,对深刻揭示糜棱岩化过程中的元素活化迁移机制提供更高质量的地球化学证据具有重要的作用。 相似文献
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S. Viswanathan K. Surya Prakash Rao B. Mahabaleswar 《Journal of the Geological Society of India》2013,82(6):621-627
Komatiites are mantle-derived ultramafic volcanic rocks. Komatiites have been discovered in several States of India, notably in Karnataka. Studies on the distribution of trace-elements in the komatiites of India are very few. This paper proposes a simple, accurate, precise, rapid, and non-destructive wavelength-dispersive x-ray fluorescence (WDXRF) spectrometric technique for determining Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th in komatiites, and discusses the accuracy, precision, limits of detection, x-ray spectral-line interferences, inter-element effects, speed, advantages, and limitations of the technique. The accuracy of the technique is excellent (within 3%) for Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th and very good (within 4%) for Y. The precision is also excellent (within 3%) for Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th. The limits of detection are: 1 ppm for Sc and V; 2 ppm for Cr, Co, and Ni; 3 ppm for Cu, Zn, Rb, and Sr; 4 ppm for Y and Zr; 6 ppm for Nb; 10 ppm for Ba; 13 ppm for Pb; and 14 ppm for Th. The time taken for determining Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th in a batch of 24 samples of komatiites, for a replication of four analyses per sample, by one operator, using a manual WDXRF spectrometer, is only 60 hours. 相似文献
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E. M. Prasolov S. A. Sergeev B. V. Belyatsky E. S. Bogomolov K. A. Gruzdov I. N. Kapitonov R. Sh. Krymsky V. O. Khalenev 《Geochemistry International》2018,56(1):46-64
This paper reports the first results of a study of 11 isotope systems (3He/4He, 40Ar/36Ar, 34S/32S, 65Cu/63Cu, 62Ni/60Ni, 87Sr/86Sr, 143Nd/144Nd, 206–208Pb/204Pb, Hf–Nd, U–Pb, and Re–Os) in the rocks and ores of the Cu–Ni–PGE deposits of the Norilsk ore district. Almost all the results were obtained at the Center of Isotopic Research of the Karpinskii All-Russia Research Institute of Geology. The use of a number of independent genetic isotopic signatures and comprehensive isotopic knowledge provided a methodic basis for the interpretation of approximately 5000 isotopic analyses of various elements. The presence of materials from two sources, crust and mantle, was detected in the composition of the rocks and ores. The contribution of the crustal source is especially significant in the paleofluids (gas–liquid microinclusions) of the ore-forming medium. Crustal solutions were probably a transport medium during ore formation. Air argon is dominant in the ores, which indicates a connection between the paleofluids and the atmosphere. This suggests intense groundwater circulation during the crystallization of ore minerals. The age of the rocks and ores of the Norilsk deposits was determined. The stage of orebody formation is restricted to a narrow age interval of 250 ± 10 Ma. An isotopic criterion was proposed for the ore-bearing potential of mafic intrusions in the Norilsk–Taimyr region. It includes several interrelated isotopic ratios of various elements: He, Ar, S, and others. 相似文献
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奥地利安东帕有限公司 《岩矿测试》2009,28(3):306-306
最新的流行病学研究表明,空气中较高浓度的悬浮细颗粒可能对人类的健康有不利的影响。根据该项研究显示,由于心脏病、慢性呼吸问题和肺功能指标恶化而导致死亡率的升高与细尘粒子有关。这些研究结果已经促使欧盟于1999年4月出台了限制空气中二氧化硫、二氧化氮、氧化氮、铅和颗粒物含量的法案(1999/30/EC),对各项指标包括对可吸入PM10颗粒的浓度提出了新的限制性指标。PM10颗粒是指可以通过预分级器分离采集的气体动力学直径小于10μm的细颗粒。目前研究的兴趣重点逐步偏向PM2.5这些更细微颗粒物,PM2.5这种颗粒物对健康有明显的不利影响。在欧盟指令2008/50/EC中,对PM10和PM2.5都提 相似文献
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Mining induced subsidence can significantly affect mining costs where major surface facilities and natural environment need to be protected. Overburden grout injection is a technology used to control coal mine subsidence by injecting the mine waste material extracted from the coal back into the inter-burden rock during longwall mining. The flowing slurry is here categorised as a nonlinear viscous cohesive (Bingham plastic) fluid. During longwall mining the grout slurry is pumped into the separated beds of the rock mass through a central vertical borehole, which is drilled deep into the inter-burden rock strata above the coal seam. However, a blockage can occur in the injection system when the slurry velocity falls below a certain critical threshold velocity, indicating a material phase change from cohesive-viscous to cohesive-frictional. In situ field injection tests through boreholes have been simulated at a smaller scale at the CSIRO laboratory in Brisbane by pumping the slurry through a radial disk (gap = 4 mm) from its centre. Laboratory experiments indicate a general, nonlinear, cohesive, viscous, frictional model for shear behaviour of the slurry, in which the material shear parameters are functions of the disk radial distance. Complete dimensional and dimensionless analytical solutions have been developed based on an approach related to Bingham–Herschel–Bulkley fluid mechanics. The derived formulae include relations for minimum pump pressure, local pressure and pressure gradient, wall shear stress, volume rate, velocity and velocity gradient. The theoretical results match the experimental measurements. The experiments covered slurries with maximum particle sizes of 0.5 to 2 mm with about 50% being larger than 100 µm. The viscosities at the various solids concentrations were measured with a standard torsion viscometer. This study differs from the previous research in several distinct aspects, namely, consideration of the variable shear parameters rather than fixed values, inclusion of total nonlinear behaviour, and implementation of a friction function to mimic behaviour of the deposited and consolidating stiff slurry, which can cause a significant pressure rise as a result of the increased shear resistance. 相似文献
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Alexander E. C. Broberg J. S. Kehren A. R. Graziani M. M. Turri W. L. 《Environmental Geology》1993,22(4):353-361
Bellechester, Minnesota, is a small community of approximately 155 residents located on the county line between Goodhue and Wabasha counties in southeast Minnesota's karst region. Bellechester is served by a 21-year-old wastewater treatment facility (WWTF) consisting of three waste-stabilization ponds. On 28 April 1992 six sinkholes were discovered to have drained cell 2 of the WWTF resulting in the loss of approximately 8.7×106 1 of partially treated effluent and about 600 m3 of soil into previously undetected subsurface voids of unknown dimensions. In the week following the collapse, approximately 200 water wells located within a 5-km radius of the WWTF were sampled in an after-the-fact, emergency sampling program. Twelve samples with elevated fecal coliform levels, 18 samples with nitrate-nitrogen greater than the 10 mg/1 standard, and no samples with elevated chlorides were found. However, the elevated levels could not be unambiguously attributed to the WWTF collapse. This is the third WWTF to fail by sinkhole collapse in southeast Minnesota since 1974. All three collapsed lagoons have been located in similar geomorphic and stratigraphic settings. However, at least two lagoons have collapsed in the adjacent area in northeast Iowa, and these lagoons are located at different stratigraphic positions. Twenty-two WWTFs constructed in southeast Minnesota's karst region in the last 25 years have been identified as subject to potential sinkhole collapse. An unknown but significant number of manure storage lagoons, flood control structures, etc., have also been constructed in the karst region and are at risk. Public agencies are beginning to develop plans to deal with the risk associated with existing and future waste lagoons in this environment. The critical hydrogeologic parameters that can be used to prioritize the risk of collapse at existing facilities include: (1) the lithology of the first bedrock beneath each lagoon, (2) the thickness of surficial materials between the lagoon and the bedrock surface, (3) the presence and construction of liners (seepage rate), and (4) the proximity to existing sinkholes. 相似文献
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岩石密度和超高压岩石折返速率 总被引：1，自引：3，他引：1
在常温常压条件下对中国大陆科学钻CCSD主孔100-3000米岩心样品进行了密度测量,建立了密度连续剖面,并界定了不同超高压岩石的密度值。通过对比高温高压物性实验资料,岩石密度随着退变程度增强而降低,榴辉岩密度变化序列为3.52g/cm3→3.49g/cm3→3.07g/cm3→2.93g/cm3。超高压长英质岩石密度变化序列为3.00g/cm→2.80g/cm3→2.65g/cm3。上述实验资料是讨论不同折返阶段岩石所受浮力的基础,为研究折返速率大小提供了基本参数。本文通过折返板块运动平衡时,上浮力与粘滞力平衡这一关系式,定量研究了大陆俯冲板块的折返速率,认为密度差产生上浮力从而引起折返,温度对板块折返速率的影响最为显著;密度差大小、折返角度、折返板块大小对折返速率也有直接的影响。定量模拟分析表明,在温度高于850℃时,板块的折返速率可以超过100mm/a;当温度降至700℃时,折返速率则低于1.5mm/a。作者认为在折返早期,温度较高,板块快速折返至60-70km榴辉岩相深度;随着传导散热,温度降低,板块以较慢的速率折返至中下地壳。折返速率的估算表明,浮力是板块折返第一阶段(从>100km深部折返至<40km的中下地壳)的主要驱动力。 相似文献
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Mercury,arsenic, antimony,and selenium contents of sediment from the Kuskokwim River,Bethel, Alaska,USA 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
The Kuskokwim River at Bethel, Alaska, drains a major mercury-antimony metallogenic province in its upper reaches and tributaries. Bethel (population 4000) is situated on the Kuskokwim floodplain and also draws its water supply from wells located in river-deposited sediment. A boring through overbank and floodplain sediment has provided material to establish a baseline datum for sediment-hosted heavy metals. Mercury (total), arsenic, antimony, and selenium contents were determined; aluminum was also determined and used as normalizing factor. The contents of the heavy metals were relatively constant with depth and do not reflect any potential enrichment from upstream contaminant sources. 相似文献