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1.
通过对贵州红粘土大量实验数据的统计和分析,发现贵州红粘土的稠度状态有其自身的特点:一是用含水比划分出在自然状态下贵州红粘土常处于硬塑和可塑状态且有地域性差异;二是用液性指数对贵州红粘土稠度状态进行划分,其结果与用含水比划分结果有较大偏差.结合红粘土特殊成分结构分析,认为其原因是红土化作用的程度不同和土中存在大量结合水.采用代数转换的方法分析得出适合贵州红粘土稠度状态划分的液性指数等效范围,便于与其它土类状态划分范围进行对比,体现贵州红粘土稠度状态划分上的特殊性. 相似文献
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贵州红粘土工程地质特征探讨 总被引：10，自引：0，他引：10
贵州为典型的喀斯特地貌，广泛分布的碳酸盐岩，亚热带的温湿季风气候，为红粘土的形成提供了良好条件，在地表除基岩裸露地段外，普遍分布着一层棕红、褐黄色高塑性红粘土。红粘土是一种区域性特殊土，具有表面收缩、上硬下软、裂隙发育的特征。这类土虽然具有较高的天然含水率及孔隙比大的弱点，但也具朋较高的地基强度与较低的地基压缩性，是良好的建筑基础。 相似文献
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研究超大综采工作面开采对地表层（0~15 m）含水性影响规律是确定生态修复策略的基础。针对西部风积沙区大规模高强度煤炭开采的特点,采用时移高分辨率探地雷达探测方法进行了开采全周期（采前-采中-采过-趋稳后）观测,获得了基于现代ARMA谱分析的风积沙区地表层含水率反演方法。研究表明:研究区内地表层含水性与地下潜水含水层没有直接的水力联系;风积沙区超大综采工作面开采对地表层起到"疏松"作用,对含有粘土隔水层区域的含水性影响不显著,而对不含隔水层区域的含水性影响相对较强;地表层含水性自修复周期小于一个自然年,而大气降水是提升和修复地表层含水性的重要外因。 相似文献
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鉴于软土的含水率、塑限、液限等工程性质指标的理论定义和试验测试结果不完全吻合,同时考虑到软土中不同形式的水对软土工程性质的不同影响和实际工程中应用习惯,建议废弃软土含水率的理论定义,而将软土含水率定义为软土中除强结合水外其它水的质量与土的固体颗粒质量之比,这里软土固体颗粒中粘粒定义为粘土矿物聚集体与其表层强结合水的组合体,这样使软土含水率理论定义与试验测试的结果相统一。软土的塑限（wP）、液限（wL）以及由此而派生的塑性指数（IP）和液性指数（IL）都是通过重塑土的测试获得的,未考虑软土天然结构对这些指标数值的影响,建议通过对软土结构研究,能提出一个结构影响系数,进而修正试验获得的数据,使这些指标更接近天然软土的实际。同时根据粘粒与水相互作用的特点和软土中各种形态水对软土状态和变形机制的影响,把塑限和液限的含义予以修正,塑限是软土中弱结合水的最小含量,而液限是弱结合水最大含量并有一定数量自由水。 相似文献
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为了探讨非饱和含砂细粒土的气体渗透规律,制备不同含水率和干密度试样进行气体渗透试验,并基于多孔介质渗流理论分析进气压力、孔隙比和饱和度等对气体渗透率的影响规律,总结了非饱和土中渗透率的经验公式。试验结果表明,随着进气压力的增加,土样气体渗透率测试值逐渐趋于稳定值;含水率较高时,进气压力对土样气体渗透率的影响程度较大;含水率较低时,土样气体渗透率随进气压力增加而变化幅值较小。气体渗透率随土样含水率的增加（或饱和度的增加）呈减小趋势;当含水率低于最优含水率时,气体渗透率变化较小,但当含水率大于最优含水率后,气体渗透率急剧降低;在最优含水率两侧,土样微观结构的差异（絮凝结构和分散结构）是导致气体渗透率发生突变的主要原因;气隙比可有效表征土体孔隙比与饱和度对气体渗透率的影响规律,气体渗透率与气隙比呈良好的幂函数关系,并采用已有文献中试验数据验证了经验公式的合理性。 相似文献
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南宁膨胀土的体积含水率-等效介电常数关系 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
体积含水率-介电常数关系是时域反射法（TDR）测量土体体积含水率的理论基础。通过对重塑的南宁膨胀土进行试验,选择经验公式法、边界法及理论模型法模拟其体积含水率-等效介电常数的变化规律。研究发现,南宁膨胀土的实测值落在Hashin-Shtrikman边界和Wiener边界以内,但Hashin-Shtrikman边界具有更小的范围;由于膨胀土的黏性较大,结合水存在显著的影响,Topp公式计算值偏高,但采用考虑三相组分含量的Looyenga公式可反映结合水的影响,从而得到更好的结果;理论模型法的Maxwell-Garnett模型和差分有效介质模型（DEM）需要考虑三相的构成,单独采用气相连续或水相连续的模拟结果均不理想,但如考虑土中水、气分布形态,采用饱和度作为权重函数对单相计算结果进行加权平均后可取得较好的效果。 相似文献
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黏性土中细粒表面水膜是影响其物理力学性质的内在因素。经典土力学一般将土粒表面水膜分为强结合水和弱结合水,即所谓双电层模型,弱结合水的存在是土具有可塑性的原因,强弱结合水的界限含水率为塑限,该模型很好地解释了黏性土的稠度变化及其有关的物理力学行为。然而,通过等温吸附试验发现,土粒表面还存在吸附水膜,对非饱和土高吸力段的物理力学特性有重要影响。为此,本文将黄土颗粒表面水膜分为单层吸附水、多层吸附水、强结合水、弱结合水和自由水5种类型。取甘肃正宁Q2最顶层的L2黄土试样,采用等温吸附和液限、塑限测试,对该黄土样和其中的单矿物颗粒各水膜之间的界限含水率进行了定量表征,并测试黄土试样的土水特征曲线（SWCC）,在SWCC上界定了这些界限含水率与基质吸力的关系。当水汽压很低时,土粒表面的吸力来自水的偶极分子与颗粒表面离子间的静电引力,形成单层吸附水,水膜厚度为1个水分子直径;离颗粒表面超出水分子直径的地方,吸力来自范德华力,水的偶极子相互靠拢呈定向排列,形成了多层吸附水;当土粒周围水分增加,颗粒表面未平衡掉的分子引力又可吸引更多的极化水分子,此时在吸附水的周围形成结合水,结合水又分为强结合水和弱结合水;吸附水和结合水膜以外的水为自由水。 相似文献
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干湿循环作用下红黏土收缩特征研究 总被引：5，自引：1，他引：4
以贵州某高速公路沿线红黏土为研究对象,开展了干湿循环作用后红黏土的收缩特性试验研究,探讨了干湿循环次数和初始含水率对红黏土收缩性状的影响.试验结果表明：同一循环次数内,各试样的环向收缩率在6～8 h时达到稳定,而轴向线缩率则需更长的稳定时间;随着初始含水率增加,各试样的初始轴向线缩率减小,而初始环向收缩率增加;28%含水率试样具有相近的最终轴向变形和环向变形量,而34%含水率的试样环向变形量高于轴向变形量;初始含水率变化不大,但体缩率的变化率却明显不同,说明干湿循环过程使得土体内部结构变得不稳定,但颗粒间相互作用的本质未发生明显变化;干湿循环作用对重塑红黏土最优含水率位置的基本无影响,这说明其未能改变黏土集聚体内对结合水的最大吸附能力.通过压汞试验得到了不同干湿循环作用后试样的孔隙分布情况,随着干湿循环次数的增加小孔径尺寸和分布密度改变较小,而大孔径尺寸减小,分布密度也在减小.干湿循环作用对聚集体内孔径的影响大于对微聚体内孔隙影响,与所测得的宏观收缩规律相吻合. 相似文献
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红粘土在环境工程地质中的隐患 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：4
徐榴胜 《水文地质工程地质》1995,22(5):40-43
特殊土红粘土，主要分布在中国南部诸省区，尤以贵州，广西，云南等省区最为集中，工程特性则以贵州、广西的红粘土为典型。在贵州凡岩土工程，均伴随着红粘土及与红粘土相关问题的研究，如工程隐患。 相似文献
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Guboglo M. N. 《GeoJournal》1980,4(1):53-58
International unity is becoming ever stronger in this country owing to an increasing similarity in the development of the cultural environment. This comprises the provision of all the country's republics with a sufficient number of schools, theatres, and other institutions and cultural information media in accordance with the needs of the population. An important part is played by the rise in ‘the general educational level, as well as the level of professional qualifications and skills. Among all the Soviet nations and nationalities, this rise being more rapid among formerly backward peoples. Prominent among the factors of internationalization is the progressive development of the nationalities’ cultural resources, while professional culture is being increasingly brought within the reach of the masses.The implementation of the nationalities policy promotes the all-round development of all Soviet nations and nationalities, their drawing together, the upsurge of the individual capabilities of every Soviet citizen. 相似文献
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Jiayu Rong Michael Melchin S. Henry Williams Tatyana N. Koren Jacques Verniers 《《幕》》2008,31(3):315-318
The Global Stratotype Section and Point （GSSP） for the base of the Silurian System was defined in 1985. Since that time, a number of researchers have suggested that this section has serious deficiencies for use as a GSSP. As a result, in 2000, the Subcommission on Silurian Stratigraphy （SSS） proposed undertaking a formal restu@ of this GSSP, which was subsequently approved by the International Commission of Stratigraphy （ICS）. The result of this restudy was the formal proposal that the current GSSP, at 1.6 m above the base of the Birkhill Shale, at Dob＇s Linn, Scotland, should be maintained as the same locality and stratigraphic level, but the bios- tratigraphical definition of the boundary should be revised. The previously defined, basal Silurian grapto- lite zone, the Parakidograptus acuminatus Zone, should be subdivided into a lower Akidograptus ascensus Zone and a higher E acuminatus Zone. The base of the A. ascensus Zone, marked by the first appearance of A. ascensus, should be regarded as the biostratigraphic mark for the base of the Silurian. This proposal has now been formally approved by the SSS and ICS, and ratified by International Union of Geological Sciences. This is the first GSSP to undergo formal restudy and redefini- tion, and the proposal also included a recommended procedure for restudy of GSSPs. 相似文献
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Deviation of the major axis of the inertia ellipsoid of the Moon from the direction toward the Earth
B. P. Kondratyev 《Astronomy Reports》2017,61(8):709-714
It is known from observations that the center of mass of the Moon does not coincide with the geometric center of its figure, and the line connecting these two centers is not aligned with the direction toward the center of the Earth, instead deviating toward the Southeast. This stationary deviation of the axis of the inertia ellipsoid of the Moon to the South of the direction toward the Earth is analyzed. A system of five linear differential equations describing the physical libration of the Moon in latitude is considered, and these equations are derived using a new vector method taking into account perturbations from the Earth and partly from the Sun. The characteristic equation of this system is obtained, and all five oscillation frequencies are found. Special attention is paid to the fifth (zero) frequency, for which the solution of the latitude libration equations are stationary and represents a previously unknown additional motion of the rotational axis of theMoon in a cone with a small opening angle. In contrast to the astronomical precession of the Earth, the rotation of the angular-velocity vector is in the positive direction (counter-clockwise), with the period T 3 = 27.32 days. On this basis, this phenomenon has been named “quasi-precession.” This quasi-precession leads to a stationary inclination of the major axis of the inertia ellipsoid of theMoon to the South (for an observer on Earth), making it possible to explain one component of the observed deviation of the center of mass of the Moon from the direction toward the Earth. The opening angle of the quasiprecession cone is approximately 0.834″. 相似文献
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东濮凹陷北部沙三中亚段广泛发育盐岩和烃源岩,这两个看似不能共存的物质却在这里互层共生。该时期研究区沉积特征为多盐韵律与多层烃源岩互层共生、连续沉积,单个盐韵律厚度从几米到十几米,烃源岩有机质丰度高、类型好。平面上,两者在湖盆沉积沉降中心共生;垂向上,高有机质丰度、好干酪根类型与高盐度地层具有较好的对应关系。因而成为恢复古气候和古环境的重要研究对象。通过岩石学、古生物学以及Sr/Ba、B/Ga、(V+Ni+Mn)、Fe/Mn、Sr/Cu、Mg/Ca、V/(V+Ni)、稀土元素含量和氯同位素等方法对凹陷北部沙三中亚段的沉积环境进行研究。结果表明,凹陷北部沙三中亚段为深水沉积的还原环境,古盐度较高,达到半咸水-咸水沉积;微量元素和孢粉化石特征表明研究区沙三中亚段为温暖潮湿的环境。 相似文献
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Important tendencies in development of the world mineral-resources sector at the beginning of the 21st century were an increase in production and consumption of mineral materials differentiated by types of metals and nonmetallic mineral raw materials, by countries and regions, as well as the concentration of the production of mineral raw materials in a small number of countries, and a reduction in industrial reserves of minerals in the world economy, even at the current stage of their extraction. These tendencies should be taken into account in working out a strategy for development of the Russian mineral raw-material base. 相似文献
18.
Fouad N. Ibrahim Dr. 《GeoJournal》1988,17(1):133-141
Taking the example of W Sudan, an analysis of the climatic incidents leading to the two recent famine disasters is made. On this natural background, the human side is investigated. Focus is directed towards the fragile economic structure of the famine-prone population groups. An early-warning system for famine in the Sahelian Zone is proposed taking grain production and storage, livestock development and the relationship between the prices of livestock and grain as major indicators. 相似文献
19.
郯庐断裂南段研究进展与断裂性质讨论 总被引：13，自引：3，他引：13
据1：5万区域地质调查和专题研究资料，就郯庐断裂带是否南延与消失的原因，其与大别—苏鲁造山带交截形成的假位错效应，以及与中新生代沉积盆地形成演化的关系等作了新的阐述。在此基础上，讨论了郯庐断裂带是否为巨大的左行平移断层或转换断层。认为郯庐断裂带可能是在“古郯庐带”的基础上于早侏罗世重新活动、白垩纪强烈活动的地堑型枢纽断裂带。 相似文献
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The Importance of the Precipitation and the Susceptibility of the Slopes for the Triggering of Landslides Along the Roads 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
Clemente Irigaray Francisco Lamas Rachid El Hamdouni Tomás Fernández José Chacón 《Natural Hazards》2000,21(1):65-81
In order to characterise the influence of the heavyrains on the observed landslides during the 1996–1997hydrological cycle, rainfall records for the last 100years are analysed from 104 stations in easternAndalusia. Regarding the amounts of rain recordedbetween October 1996 and March 1997 in the 104stations studied, 31 presented new all-time records;15 presented values that were 80–100% of thepre-1995 record; 49 stations, 80–50%; and 9stations, < 50%. A map has been devised of thesusceptibility of the materials through which thesouth-eastern Andalusian road network crosses,together with an inventory of the damage caused byinstability phenomena on banks and cuttings of theroad network during the winter of 1996–1997. Therelationships between the rainfall during the studyperiod, the damage caused to the road network and thesusceptibility of the materials affected are analysed.The results indicate that there is a clearcorrespondence between the rainfall recorded and thesusceptibility of the materials with the inventorieddamage. It is concluded that the widespread seriousdamage caused in early 1997 to the roads andsurrounding areas in the Alpujarra region and thecoast of the Province of Granada was mainly caused bythe extraordinarily heavy rains. However, considerablyless damage was observed where the susceptibility ofthe terrain is low, thus highlighting the extremeusefulness of terrain-susceptibility maps for riskprevention and territorial planning. 相似文献