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本文以德勒诺尔铁矿区发育的节理为研究对象,在约20ｋｍ2的研究区内布置了93个观测点,在野外共观测三百余组节理,采用数学统计方法,对节理进行分期配套,确定区内主要发育3组高倾角平面X剪节理,通过节理之间相互错断、限制关系对节理期次进行配套分析,并对不同期次构造应力场形成的共轭剪节理进行了研究,利用吴氏网绘制各观察点的主应力图解,获得各点应力轴（σ1,σ2,σ3）的产状。研究得出本区第1次构造应力场最大主压应力轴（σ1）的优选产状为181°∠8°,中间应力轴（σ2）为141°∠81°,最小主应力轴（σ3）为89°∠5°,可能是区内的主体构造格架的动力来源,在区内形成了近ＥＷ向的复式背斜及叠瓦状逆冲断裂。第２期构造应力场最大主压应力轴呈NE—SW向,最大主压应力轴（σ1）的优选产状为250°∠12°,中间应力轴（σ2）为56°∠78°,最小主应力轴（σ3）为143°∠11°,为区内形成NW—NWW向展布的逆冲断裂的主要动力来源。第３期构造应力场最大主压应力轴呈NNW—SSE向,最大主压应力轴（σ1）的优选产状为344°∠3°,中间应力轴（σ2）为79°∠80°,最小主应力轴（σ3）为252°∠13°,可能为区内ＮＷ、ＮＥ向展布的张性断裂的主要动力来源。研究总结了区内不同期次构造应力场的特征,并对动力来源进行了初步探讨。 相似文献
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山东省蒙阴县常马韧性剪切带构造岩具有明显的分带 ,由中心向两侧依次为超糜棱岩带、糜棱岩带、初糜棱岩带和糜棱岩化片麻岩带。构造岩中的韧性变形显微组构极为发育。糜棱叶理产状为 2 0 8°∠ 74°,线理产状为 115°∠ 2°,显示了该韧性剪切带具走滑剪切的特征。该韧性剪切带形成时 ,差应力值为 5 2 .6 7MPa ,形成时古应力方位为σ1=73°∠ 2°。位于该韧性剪切带中心的超糜棱岩带 ,金元素明显富集 ,构成金矿体。综合研究表明 ,韧性剪切作用控制了金矿体的形成与分布 ,因此常马金矿床是一同韧性剪切带型金矿床 相似文献
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广西贵县红粘土的工程地质特性 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
贵县位于复式向斜,核部为中石炭统地层、两翼为寒武-志留系泥盆系地层,地层产状平缓,倾角10°—20°,向斜轴向约为N85°E。在地貌上形成一向东西敞开的盆地,郁江从盆地中部由西向东流过。调查区位于向斜北翼的岩溶平原区,基岩为泥盆系上统和石炭系下统的石灰岩及白云质灰岩。第四纪松软土为以红色为主的粘土,表层夹有大量的铁质结核,底部夹 相似文献
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燕山东部柳江地区构造属性新解与郯庐断裂系活动 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
传统意义上的柳江盆地位于燕山东段,完整地出露了从前寒武纪到中生界的华北地台盖层沉积地层,地层序列总体上呈中间新,两侧老的特点。前人认为柳江盆地为一轴向N10°E的不对称向斜。新的野外调查显示,柳江地区西侧陡立的产状是断裂作用形成的构造面理产状,为北北东向断裂构造的一部分,可以清楚识别的原始层面产状实际上与东部地层相似,为250°西倾25°~30°倾角。因此,将柳江地区东侧的原始层面产状与西侧的构造面理产状分别对应同一向斜两翼的传统观点是不恰当的。所谓柳江盆地实际上为单斜构造,是地壳断块在北北东向断裂的作用下西侧上升东侧下降的掀斜作用结果,过去对这一地区关于盆地和向斜构造属性的界定应该予以纠正。柳江地区在古生代和中生代时期是华北盆地的一部分,在新生代以来又同时接受剥蚀,一直不曾是独立的盆地单元。由于柳江断陷的沉降与西侧响山隆起相耦合,在两者边界起调节作用的北北东向断裂系具有左旋走滑兼具垂直运动分量的运动性质,是郯庐断裂系的组成部分,北北东向断裂系活动的时限与响山隆起的时限相对应,根据裂变径迹年龄分析结果,活动时代为白垩世末-古新世。 相似文献
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胶东型金矿床受断裂构造控制，断裂控矿规律一直是地质勘查和研究的重点问题。为深入研究断裂对金成矿的控制作用，本文基于大量矿床勘查和地质调查资料，通过对典型断裂剖面和断裂与矿体空间关系的构造解析，判断了成矿期断裂的性质和应力状态，讨论了断裂产状变化的控矿机理，提出了胶东型金矿新的构造成矿模式。将胶东主要控矿断裂分为Ⅰ级缓倾角断裂、Ⅱ级陡倾角断裂和Ⅲ级陡倾角张裂脉，三者分别控制了破碎带蚀变岩型、复合类型和石英脉型金矿床。金矿体主要赋存于断裂产状转折部位，蚀变岩型矿体赋存于断裂的倾角变缓部位，石英脉型矿体赋存于断裂倾角变陡部位。缓倾角断裂控制的矿体具有总体侧伏角小、富矿柱侧伏角大的“双向”侧伏特征。矿体产状与断裂产状的关系指示，三山岛、焦家和招平三条控矿断裂成矿期均属右行正滑或右行张扭性，金牛山断裂具有左行正滑特征。根据金矿体产状分析的胶西北金成矿小区区域构造应力场σ1为294°∠82°和269°∠78°，焦家断裂的σ1为300°∠67°、311°∠78°和321°∠81°，招平断裂北段σ1为130°∠65°和138°∠69°，反映了胶西北玲珑花岗岩体分布区域总体以垂向主压应力为主，其东、西两侧的边界断裂处的主压应力方位分别沿SE向和NW向指向岩体，成矿期断裂处于NW—SE向拉张状态。胶东东部邓格庄金矿田的σ1为287°∠0°，以水平主压应力为主。综合分析认为，产状变化的具张扭性质的断裂是金的有利赋矿构造，断裂的产状变化对金矿体具有明显的控制作用，断裂结构和流体性状的变化是金矿阶梯成矿的关键因素，断裂沿走向和倾向的产状转折联合控制了金矿体的侧伏。胶东地区早白垩世深部大量岩浆岩快速侵位，导致地壳强烈隆升产生伸展构造，来自不同深度和层次岩浆房及不同源区的岩浆梯次上侵，为深部含金流体活化、迁移提供了热动力条件和流动通道，含金流体到达地壳浅部在断裂产状变化的减压扩容空间卸载成矿。 相似文献
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隔槽式褶皱与隔档式褶皱构成侏罗山式褶皱。传统观点认为,侏罗山式褶皱是滑脱作用所形成,其典型实例是在刚性岩体(基底)之上有一层软弱岩层,在软弱层之上的岩层发生“台布式”滑动而形成隔档隔槽式褶皱。黔东南地区隔槽式褶皱实地调查发现：（1）隔槽式向斜核部的地层比两翼和背斜核部的地层厚;（2）沿隔槽式向斜核部发育多期次活动的纵向断层,断层走向与褶皱枢纽一致;（3）背斜产状平缓变形弱而向斜产状急变变形强,背斜与向斜相间出露构成典型的强弱应变域,复杂变形发生在向斜核部。在湘黔交界处的寒武系内发育了典型的露头尺度隔槽式褶皱。通过隔槽式褶皱的露头尺度解析与宏观变形分析,认为黔东南隔槽式褶皱的形成受多期活动的断层控制,早期沉积阶段的正断层,控制了隔槽式褶皱紧闭向斜的发育位置,构造反转之后,先期断层是应力集中区,正断层转为平移或逆冲断层,在隔槽式褶皱向斜核部发育复杂变形。其次,正断层对隔槽式褶皱发育与逆断层对断弯褶皱发育的控制不同,前者断层发育早,后者断层发育晚。 相似文献
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我队曾在大河沟矿区进行金刚石钻探.该矿区矿体产状陡,变化较大.勘探设计有直孔,也有斜孔.施工中,直孔顶角有不同程度的上漂,斜孔顶角则普遍下垂,一般每百米下垂2～3°,严重的达6～7°. 通过对该矿区地层与孔斜资料的对比分析,可以明显看出,地层情况是造成钻孔弯曲的主要原因.当钻孔与层理面成某个角度钻进时,往往垂直于层理面的方向发生弯曲. 该区地层倾向北东20～40°,倾角一般为20～40°;矿体产于断层破碎带中,断层破碎带倾向南偏西190～210°,倾角75°左右.所以斜孔设计方向为北北东,与地层倾向一致.钻孔弯曲情况如表列.金刚石直孔钻进,钻孔与层理面交角大约 相似文献
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天地冰川位于四川绵竹市天池乡 ,属于第四纪中早期的冰川遣迹 ,距今 1～ 2Ｍａ。天池冰川位于龙门山褶断带中段太平推覆构造体的天池向斜中 ,天池向斜呈纺缍形 ,轴的走向北东 ,两翼由二叠系地层组成 ,中部是三叠系下统飞仙关组地层。北西翼地层倒转倾向北西、倾角 5 0°～ 70° ,南东翼倾向北西、倾角 4 5°～ 6 0° ,向斜的中西部褶皱呈斜卧的∑形 ,天池冰川受天地向斜中的高家坪向斜控制 ,冰川长近 5ｋｍ ,宽 10 0～ 10 0 0ｍ ,走向北东 4 0° ,根据它的结构特征可分为三段 ,即冰川源头段 ,中部冰碛丘陵段 ,前缘冰舌、冰槽谷段。冰川源头… 相似文献
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CSAMT 法在辽西康杖子区深部探矿中的应用 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
可控源音频大地电磁法(CSAMT)具有探测深度大、横向分辨率高、抗干扰能力强的特点,在深部找矿勘探中有着重要的指导意义。肖家营子铜钼矿床是辽西地区一个大型矽卡岩型金属矿床,大部分矿体是隐伏矿体,矿区外围的康杖子区与本区有相似的成矿地质环境,成矿地质条件优越.矿体与围岩电性差异明显,通过应用CSAMT,矿体具有低电阻特点,根据成果推断解释,对深部有利成矿部位进行了钻探验证,取得了理想的探矿效果,在矿区外围取得第二深度空间找矿重大突破。 相似文献
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Julie Okpala 《GeoJournal》1990,20(1):37-43
This paper traces the development of geographic education in Nigeria and examines the views of geographers, other academics,
students and the public at large about the importance of geography. Geography's value is immense despite the non-professional
nature of the discipline. Nevertheless, there is a need to define geography's status and ensure career prospects for students.
The Nigerian Geographical Association (from classroom teaachers to top geographers) must promote geography, improve its status
in schools and universities, and continuously restructure its content and methods to address pertinent social needs. 相似文献
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Trends in landslide occurrence in Nepal 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
David N. Petley Gareth J. Hearn Andrew Hart Nicholas J. Rosser Stuart A. Dunning Katie Oven Wishart A. Mitchell 《Natural Hazards》2007,43(1):23-44
Nepal is a mountainous, less developed kingdom that straddles the boundary between the Indian and Himalayan tectonic plates.
In Nepal, landslides represent a major constraint on development, causing high levels of economic loss and substantial numbers
of fatalities each year. There is a general consensus that the impacts of landslides in countries such as Nepal are increasing
with time, but until now there has been little or no quantitative data to support this view, or to explain the causes of the
increases. In this paper, a database of landslide fatalities in Nepal has been compiled and analysed for the period 1978–2005.
The database suggests that there is a high level of variability in the occurrence of landslides from year to year, but that
the overall trend is upward. Analyses of the trends in the data suggest that there is a cyclicity in the occurrence of landslide
fatalities that strongly mirrors the cyclicity observed in the SW (summer) monsoon in South Asia. Perhaps surprisingly the
relationship is inverse, but this is explained through an inverse relationship between monsoon strength and the amount of
precipitation in the Hill District areas of Nepal. It is also clear that in recent years the number of fatalities has increased
dramatically over and above the effects of the monsoon cycle. Three explanations are explored for this: land-use change, the
effects of the ongoing civil war in Nepal, and road building. It is concluded that a major component of the generally upward
trend in landslide impact probably results from the rural road-building programme, and its attendant changes to physical and
natural systems. 相似文献
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2010年,美国铀矿总共施工7 209个钻孔,总进尺1 493 520 m;生产铀1 628.55 t;铀矿业总支出费用为2.773亿美元,其中铀矿地勘费支出为3 450万美元,占铀矿业总费用的12.44%。铀矿地勘钻探费用为4 460万美元,占铀矿业总费用的16.08%。 相似文献
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硫代砷是富硫化物地下水中砷的重要形态,对环境和人类健康有潜在威胁。目前硫代砷研究程度尚低,本次主要针对国内外地下水（地热水）中硫代砷的存在形态,水文—生物—环境地球化学过程,样品保存,定量检测方法等方面进行研究。结论如下:pH, 氧化还原电位,硫化物含量和微生物作用等是影响地下水中硫代砷稳定存在和形态分布的重要因素。含铁矿物能与水中的硫代砷形成配位键对其进行吸附,吸附性普遍弱于（亚）砷酸盐,因此,地下水中硫代砷可能表现出更强的迁移性。用于硫代砷检测的自然水样在采集中可采取过滤,速冻,厌氧和低温短期保存的操作流程,以减缓该形态的转化甚至消失。色谱联用ICP-MS系统可用于自然水样中硫代砷的分离定量检测,紫外—可见分光光度法和X射线吸收光谱法在不同场景下也可对硫代砷进行定量和表征分析。地热水和浅层地下水中均可能存在硫代砷,由于水样中硫代砷的不稳定性,室内检测和分析难以准确反映现场过程,因此,野外样品保存技术和现场检测方法的更新可能在未来有更大研究空间,值得进一步探索。 相似文献
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Takeshi Nose Dr. 《GeoJournal》1985,10(3):261-276
Conclusions During the last ten years, aquaculture, especially mariculture has undergone remarkable expansion to counter-balance the gap between the supply and demand of fishery products in Japan. Its expansion has also been supported by the traditional preference of the Japanese people for seafood. Mariculture is now being forced to change its structure due to adverse economic circumstances such as the rise in the cost of energy, feeds and other materials for culture, low market prices, deterioration of environmental conditions, and many other factors. Before these constraints can be resolved, advanced scientific knowledge and technologies must be integrated to develop new types of aquaculture. Expansion of maricultural activities to more open-sea and off shore areas would be one route to follow. Technologies for the development of formulated diets not only for young but also for adults and larvae, establishment of feeding standards, prevention of epizootic diseases must support the establishment of modern aquaculture.The culture-based fisheries, or marine ranching, is becoming a subject for further development in Japan. Much research work has been conducted with a great degree of governmental support. Establishment of a net work of seedstock production farms has made it possible to carry out releasing experiments on a large scale. A newly integrated restoration system could be developed on the basis of these experiments, even though the profits resulting from the artificial restoration of stocks is not thouroughly verified at present. The commencement of a national scheme for culture-based fisheries would be a manifestation of the enthusiasm of the Japanese fish industry. 相似文献
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Radon is a radioactive gas emanating naturally from uranium rich granites and shales. It may be emitted from the ground surface into the atmosphere as a gas, or it may be dissolved into stream water and transported over distance. The levels of radon gas in soils at ground surface depend on a number of factors relating to the source of the gas and to its transmission. Igneous rocks contain the highest mean concentrations of radium and uranium. The depth of cover is relevant also. Surveys over the years by the National Radiological Protection Board (NRPB) and others have indicated that the highest concentrations in the United Kingdom occur in Cornwall, Devon and northeast Scotland. However, recent reports have indicated that high concentrations of the gas may be detected in small pockets in counties outside of those considered at high risk. This survey relates to a series of measurements taken in and around Darlington, County Durham. The results showed the presence of small areas with strong concentrations of radon in soil gas, but only minor levels of dissolved gas in stream waters. 相似文献
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内蒙古苏尼特地下水氟污染形成机理研究 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3
为了研究内蒙古苏尼特地区地下水氟污染机理,本文运用水文地球化学分类方法,从水文地质、水化学特征两方面研究其地下水的水质特征、氟的起源、分布规律及污染形成机理。研究结果发现:高氟地下水的主要水质类型为HCO3—Na型,pH值在7.08～9.38之间,氟浓度与井深有关,即井越浅,氟浓度越高;地下水中氟浓度最高达14.78mg/L,5～9月地下水氟浓度相对增长率在7.8～23.1之间;F-浓度与Li+、Br-相关系数达0.89和0.82,受断层影响的深层地下水中F-浓度几乎与Li+、Br-没有相关关系,这暗示着氟来源于浅部,并受到强烈的蒸发作用影响而使水中的氟浓缩;地质调查发现该地区还有数个萤石矿存在,显微镜分析结果证实表层土壤中普遍存在CaF2,地下水中的氟来自CaF2。高氟地下水存在于潜水层,深部含水层的地下水可供开采。从断层带涌出的水对潜水层有稀释作用。 相似文献