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1.
本文在简要阐明了环境矿物材料对污染物的净化机理与净化功能的基础上,明确了环境矿物材料的应用领域,重点展望了在土壤重金属污染防治、地表水和地下水水质改善及燃煤固硫除尘等三类状态污染控制与环境保护领域中应用的前景。认为经济、简便、有效地用于污染治理与环境修复的无机界矿物学方法类似于有机界生物学方法,均是自然界地球系统中天然自净化作用的反映。 相似文献
2.
氧化铁矿物作为环境材料在土壤和水体中的应用 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
本文简要介绍了氧化铁矿物的基本性能和应用领域，着重阐述了氧化铁矿物在土壤改良和治理土壤中重金属有毒元素和水体污染中的应用，明确提出氧化铁矿物作为环境矿物材料储量大、提取简单、治理污染设备简易且效果好、无二次污染，展望了氧化铁矿物在控制和保护环境领域中的应用前景。 相似文献
3.
用矿物学方法评价浙江土壤中Cd污染的状况 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
利用土壤中重金属环境质量矿物学评价的方法,对浙江省土壤中不同土类(或亚类)表层、不同母质表层和剖面上的Cd元素进行了环境质量评价。评价结果表明,土壤中Cd的实测含量和土壤对Cd的固持量决定了土壤中Cd的环境质量,浙江省土壤中Cd的污染度均为负值,土壤中Cd均没有达到产生污染危害的含量水平,土壤对Cd的固持量较高。研究结果揭示,土壤中的矿物对Cd具有较强的固定与容纳能力,土壤中的Cd不易进入食物链,也不会对地表水和地下水水体造成污染。这一旨在揭示土壤中重金属与各种矿物之间环境平衡关系的方法,可为评价土壤环境质量提供科学依据和技术支撑。 相似文献
4.
煤炭开采必然产生大量的矿井涌水,我国目前的矿井水整体上表现出水质相对较差、水处理成本较高等问题。首先明确了我国典型矿区矿井水水质的主体特征:常规离子是造成矿井水水质差的主要化学组分;矿井水中有毒有害物质占比小,且基本优于地下水Ⅲ类水质量标准。其次,详细探讨了我国矿井水水质形成、演化的几个科学问题,包括不同水文地质结构下物理–化学作用所起的主导作用,时间效应对水质演化的影响,微生物群落结构特征及其与环境因素的相关关系,水动力场–化学场–微生物场–温度场的多场耦合问题等。接着重点介绍矿井水污染防控的技术方法,以减少矿井突(涌)水量和水资源保护为前提,以实现煤–水双资源协调开采、煤炭绿色开采为目标,以矿井水“阻断、减量、保护”为主要防控思路,围绕煤矿区矿井水阻断技术、污染负荷减量技术、污染区修复治理等科学问题展开分析;通过各种现有技术、方法、工艺,最大可能地降低吨煤矿井水处理成本,如采用井下预处理、地面深度处理、超深回灌封贮、生态资源化利用等。最后,提出研发煤矿区地下水及污染物的阻断材料和吸附材料、注浆装备、监测设备、投料设备、原位取样检测设备等,形成我国煤矿区矿井水污染防控技术体系。该技术体系的构建可对煤矿绿色开采、煤矿区深层地下水污染防控、闭坑矿井水污染防控、矿区地下水资源及生态环境保护利用等提供理论及技术支撑。 相似文献
5.
Hydrochemistry and Classification of Groundwater Resources of Ishwardi Municipal Area,Pabna District,Bangladesh 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Golzar Hossain M. Farhad Howladar Lutfun Nessa Syed Samsuddin Ahmed Chowdhury Quamruzzaman 《Geotechnical and Geological Engineering》2010,28(5):671-679
The chemical property of groundwater depends largely on the mineralogical composition of the rocks through which the water
has moved and the rate of movement and these characteristics of surface water depend on organic and inorganic reactions, industrial
effluents, rainfall and temperature etc. The underground water tends to contain more dissolved materials than those in surface
water because of their more intimate and longer contact with organic materials of soil and rock particles. The groundwater
of the studied area is dominant of alkaline earth’s (Ca2+ and Mg2+) and weak acids (HCO3
−) which may be classified as Magnesium-Bicarbonate and Calcium Carbonate types. Genetically, the groundwater of the area belongs
to both “Normal Chloride” “Normal Sulphate” and “Normal Carbonate” to “Super Carbonate” group. Based on EC, SAR and RC, the
groundwater of the area varies from good–excellent quality for irrigation purposes with low alkali hazard and medium salinity
hazard. 相似文献
6.
7.
同地表水体一样,地下水系统本身也具有一定的纳污能力,即地下水环境容量。目前,国内外真正意义上的地下水环境容量研究开展得非常少,主要是进行了与地下水环境容量相关的地下水溶质迁移理论和试验研究。以郑州市平原岗区为例,分析了污染物在土壤包气带中随下渗水体向下迁移的机理过程,借助数值模型计算了不同岩性和厚度包气带的水环境容量,成果可为地下水污染防治提供科学依据。 相似文献
8.
矿物法--环境污染治理的第四类方法 总被引：26，自引：0，他引：26
总结介绍了近10年开展环境矿物材料研究所取得的较为系统的研究成果。新提出环境矿物材料基本性能,包括矿物表面效应、孔道效应、结构效应、离子交换效应、结晶效应、溶解效应、水合效应、氧化还原效应、半导体效应、纳米效应及矿物生物交互效应等。展示环境矿物材料开发应用方面的崭新成就,包括利用天然铁的硫化物矿物强还原性,发明一步法还原Cr(Ⅵ)与沉淀Cr(Ⅲ)废水处理新工艺;利用天然锰的氧化物矿物强氧化性,发明处理高浓度与强污染的印染和酚类废水新方法;利用天然钛的氧化物矿物日光催化性,发明光催化降解卤代有机污染物新方法;利用天然蛭石高温脱水膨胀热效应,发明能大幅度提高型煤固硫率与除尘新方法;利用天然钙基蒙脱石低成本制备出同时防止水体与无机和有机污染物渗漏的自愈性强的填埋场衬层建造用新型防渗材料,发明生活垃圾尤其是危险废物填埋场衬层建造新工艺;发现凝灰岩与花岗岩中长石类矿物发育有良好的孔道结构,核素进入可发生固定化作用,成为有效阻滞核素迁移的天然屏障;利用天然纳米管状纤蛇纹石成功制备二氧化硅纳米管,接枝有机物可由亲水性变为疏水性;利用黄钾铁矾的胶体特征作为多金属矿山废石堆隔离防渗层,防止金属硫化物矿物氧化分解与矿山酸性废水污染等。着重指出今后环境矿物? 相似文献
9.
Environmental impact of the abandoned coal mines on the surface water and the groundwater quality in the south of Bochum,Germany 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
Surface water and groundwater samples were collected from 20 locations, situated in the vicinity of the abandoned coal mine fields south of Bochum. The main objective of this research is to assess the environmental impacts of these mines on the surface water and groundwater quality as well as to determine the factors controlling these impacts. The water samples were collected from stream sources, groundwater, surface water and engineered channels during April 2011. Physicochemical parameters were measured during fieldwork. Water samples were analysed for major ions and aluminium, iron, manganese, ferrous iron, zinc and hydrogen sulphide. The hydrochemistry of the surface water and the groundwater of this area is characterized by near-neutral to alkaline conditions, represented by predominance of calcium bicarbonate and sometimes calcium sulphate water types. Hence, the surface water and the groundwater quality in this region is significantly affected by abandoned coal mines. These effects resulted from oxidation of iron disulphide minerals that release iron, sulphate and hydrogen. The presence of carbonate-rich materials, which contained within the landfilling materials, has led the releasing of calcium, magnesium and bicarbonate. These materials could be the main source responsible for raising the alkalinity of the affected water. The environmental hazard of the abandoned coal mines in this area is related to the high concentration of Fe especially in the groundwater that possess the highest Fe concentration compared to other water sources: the Fe is 18 times larger than the allowed value in drinking water. Significant spatial variations of the water pollution were noted in this study. For this reason, the environmental hazards of the abandoned coal mines in Germany should be considered at closure of coal mines in the near future. Otherwise, these mines will be sources of environmental threats unless all necessary measures are taken to reduce their impact. 相似文献
10.
基于野外调查、取样分析以及遥感影像等,介绍了银川平原水文地质条件及水资源利用概况,探讨了土壤盐渍化、湖泊湿地萎缩、地下水盐化、地下水超采以及土地荒漠化等水环境问题及其演化成因。结果表明：银川平原地下水主要接受渠系渗漏及灌溉入渗、大气降水入渗、平原周边地下侧向径流、洪水散失、黄河水等补给,地下水排泄方式主要是排水沟排泄、蒸发和人工开采等,大部分地区潜水埋深在3 m以内;地表水主要来源于黄河引水,水资源利用效率不高;土壤盐渍化总面积8.17×104hm2,呈逐年缩减的趋势,主要分布于银川平原北部,平原南部仅分布在邵岗东部、灵武东部秦渠和东干渠等;湖泊湿地总体呈逐渐减少趋势,主要分布在银川平原北部,永宁以北、平罗以南区域比较集中,滩涂沿黄河两岸分布;潜水总含盐量自西向东、自南向北不断增大;银川和石嘴山深层地下水超采严重,地下水降落漏斗面积已超过500 km2;沙漠化土地分布在银川平原的东西两侧;土壤盐渍化及地下水盐化主要由潜水位埋深过浅,蒸发强烈造成的。最后,提出了防治上述水环境问题的对策：进一步加强水资源管理以及地表水与地下水联合调配;提高农业水资源利用效率;完善田间工程配套,实现渠道防渗管道化;改进田间灌溉技术;严格污水排放,积极开展污水净化处理,实行污水资源化;加强对水土环境质量的系统监测。 相似文献
11.
12.
河北邯邢铁矿区矿山环境生态地球化学评价 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
在河北邯邢西石门及周边铁矿区系统地采集了各类生态环境地球化学样品,包括土壤(n=242)、玉米(n=110)、地表水(n=37)、地下水(n=31)和水系沉积物(n=81)。通过对矿区各样品元素含量特征和元素富集程度的研究,利用区域地球化学基准值和地质累积指数定量评价了矿山污染扰动程度。研究表明,矿区土壤、玉米、地表水、地下水、水系沉积物中相对富集较高的与成矿作用有关的元素及主要的伴生元素,部分重金属元素超标,土壤和水系沉积物中Se、As、Cd、Cu、As、Cd、Cu、Co元素超标,玉米中F、Cr、Cd元素接近食品卫生限值,地表水和地下水部分指标浓度接近三类水质限值。研究表明,造成污染的主要来源是铁矿尾矿沙和煤矸石中的硫化物发生氧化作用,导致重金属淋滤转移,另一来源是燃煤降尘的积聚。 相似文献
13.
水环境污染的修复技术 总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8
由于人口增加 ,经济建设发展 ,人民生活水平提高 ,需水量也日益增长。中国水资源紧缺 ,而水污染又加重了水资源危机。水资源及水污染的修复技术的探讨有利于改善人类的生存环境。文中叙述了中国水资源紧缺、地下水超采引起的环境地质灾害 ,提倡节约用水 ,降低万元产值耗水量 ,提高单位水资源的投入产出率 ,开发节水型农业体系。建议以流域为单位 ,实行统一管理调配 ,利用地下水开采所腾出库容 ,拦蓄洪水及将处理后的污水回灌地下 ,以减少灾害 ,增加水资源量。文中还综述了地面水污染、水质富营养化、海水古咸水入侵 ,酸雨影响地下水水质及垃圾堆放场下淋滤液对地下水的污染 ;探讨了用絮凝沉淀、好氧厌氧生物处理工艺、脱氮除磷工艺、膜分离技术及高浓度有机有毒废水等在水污染治理方面的修复技术 ;探讨了对地下水中病原微生物、重金属离子、溶解有机物、硬度、三氮的截、坝、投、抽、排等的修重技术。 相似文献
14.
把城市污水净化处理为符合回灌标准的再生水并安全回灌补给地下水, 对于实现污水资源化、含水层恢复、缓解我国水资源供需矛盾和环境污染态势具有重要意义.针对再生水回灌地下水存在的水质安全问题, 通过理论分析、系列实验和技术集成形成了再生水地表回灌补给地下水的水质安全保障体系及关键技术.该安全保障体系包括场地选择与勘查、高效低成本的再生水处理技术、土壤—含水层系统数学模型和回灌方案设计技术、水质监控系统、安全评价技术以及回灌管理法规等.这些要素相互依赖、相互作用, 构成一个完整的体系.郑州郊区示范工程证实了该水质安全保障体系的可行性.2年示范工程表明, 处理的再生水水质达到《城市污水再生利用地下水回灌水质》(GB/T 19772-2005)标准, 优于场地背景地下水水质, 补给含水层后的地下水基本达到《地下水质量标准》(GB/T 14818-1993)Ⅲ类水标准.建议有关政府部门把再生水利用及回灌补给地下水, 纳入水资源开发利用及环境保护规划的整体框架中, 尽快制定或完善再生水回灌补给地下水的相关法律、法规和标准体系, 建立再生水回灌许可证制度, 有序推进再生水回灌工程. 相似文献
15.
太行山片麻岩区的浅层地下渗流是一种普遍现象,多以壤中流和裂隙潜流的形式出现在坡地的下部或流域的出口处,对这部分水资源进行合理收集是我国北方石质山地雨水利用的重要方面。以四水(降水、地表水、土壤水、裂隙水)转化为出发点,在分析太行山片麻岩区坡地水文地质结构的基础上,提出了"岩土二元结构体"的概念,并通过坡地岩土水分与水势的测定,得出了坡地岩土不同埋深处的水分特征曲线,同时,根据岩土水分特征曲线,对坡地介质的复杂性与空间变异性从机理上给出了进一步的解释。在此基础上,提出了一种对坡地渗流进行集蓄的新技术,该技术是对传统雨水集蓄形式的发展与创新,对北方土石山地雨水利用技术的发展具有重要贡献。 相似文献
16.
The impact of geochemical processes and microbial activity has been a major concern for the long-term performance of reactive
iron barriers because corrosion products and precipitates during the water treatment with reactive materials will decrease
the reactivity and permeability of the iron bed. This study characterizes corrosion products in reactive iron barrier as well
as evaluates the effect of the iron corrosion products and precipitates on iron wall performance during contaminated-water
treatment under varying conditions. Major phases in the reactive iron barrier include iron oxides, carbonates, iron sulfides,
and elemental sulfur, depending on the degree of iron oxidation, groundwater chemistry, and microbial activity. Detailed geochemical
and mineralogical characteristics are imperative for long-range predictions of the reactive iron wall performance on water
treatment because the surface coating materials reduce the effectiveness of the zero-valent iron media.
Received: 17 September 1999 · Accepted: 11 April 2000 相似文献
17.
《地学前缘(英文版)》2021,12(3)
The hydrochemical composition of surface water and groundwater is a key parameter for understanding the evolution of water and its quality.In particular, little is known about the impact of transferred water on surface water and groundwater.In this study, Baiyangdian Lake was selected as a typical area for extensive groundwater exploration and surface water transfer in the North China Plain.Surface water and groundwater samples were sampled in dry/wet seasons and then analyzed before/after the water transfer, respectively.Generally, surface water and groundwater are extensively hydrologically connected based on hydrochemical evidence.It was found that the hydrochemical composition of the shallow groundwater is affected by the surface water and that the water quality of the deep groundwater is stable.However, inter-aquifer recharge processes from the shallow groundwater to the deep groundwater existed in the anthropogenic region impacted with high nitrate-ion concentrations.Also, the hydrochemical composition of the surface water and groundwater was dominated by rock-weathering and evaporation-precipitation processes.Due to the existence of the deep vadose zone in the alluvial fan, Na~+was exchanged into soil matrices during the leakage of the surface water.In addition, the transferred water resulted in surface water with good quality, and it also played as an important recharge source to groundwater.As the most important water resource for irrigation and drinking, deep groundwater should be paid more attention in the alluvial fan with frequent water transfer and extensive groundwater exploration. 相似文献
18.
《China Geology》2020,3(3):462-472
The scientific field test site of rainfall-soil moisture-groundwater conversion in Dabie Mountain Area–Jianghan Plain is located in the northern region of the Jianghan Plain, the transition zone between the Dabie Mountain Area and Jianghan Plain. It’s a great field test site to study the material and energy exchange among rainfall, soil moisture, and groundwater of the Earth ’s critical zone in subtropical monsoon climate plain areas. This paper analyzed the connection between rainfall and volume water content (VWC) of soil at different depths of several soil profiles, and the dynamic feature of groundwater was discussed, which reveals the rainfall infiltration recharge of Quaternary Upper Pleistocene strata. The results show that the Quaternary Upper Pleistocene aquifer groundwater accepts a little direct rainfall recharge, while the lateral recharge is the main supplement source. There were 75 effective rainfall events among 120 rainfall events during the monitoring period, with an accumulated amount of 672.9 mm, and the percentages of effective rainfall amount and duration time were 62.50% and 91.56%, respectively. The max evaporation depth at the upper part in Quaternary cohesive soil was no less than 1.4 m. The soil profile was divided into four zones: (1) The sensitive zone of rainfall infiltration within 1.4 m, where the material and energy exchange frequently near the interface between atmosphere and soil; (2) the buffer zone of rainfall infiltration between 1.4 m and 3.5 m; (3) the migration zone of rainfall infiltration between 3.5 m and 5.0 m; and (4) the rainfall infiltration and groundwater level co-influenced zone below 5.0 m. The results revealed the reaction of soil moisture and groundwater to rainfall in the area covered by cohesive soil under humid climate in Earth ’s critical zone, which is of great theoretical and practical significance for groundwater resources evaluation and development, groundwater environmental protection, ecological environmental improvement, drought disaster prevention, and flood disaster prevention in subtropical monsoon climate plain areas. 相似文献
19.
Effect of Cement and Quarry Dust on Shear Strength and Hydraulic Characteristics of Lithomargic Clay
The lithomargic clay constitutes an important group of residual soils existing under lateritic soils. This soil is found on
the western and eastern coasts of India over large areas. This soil is a problematic one and is very sensitive to water and
loses a greater part of its strength when becomes saturated. These high silt deposits have invited many problems such as slope
failures, foundation failures, embankment failures, uneven settlements etc. In this investigation an attempt is made to study
the effect of cement and quarry dust on shear strength and hydraulic characteristics of the lithomargic clay after the stabilization.
Microfabric and mineralogical studies were carried out to find out the reason for the strength development of the stabilized
soil using SEM and XRD analysis. The results indicated that there is an improvement in the properties of the lithomargic clay
with the addition of cement and quarry dust. The XRD results indicated the formation of CSH and CAH, which are responsible
for strength development in the stabilized soil. 相似文献
20.
南水北调引水进京后北京市地下水环境预测 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
本文通过对受水区的地下水水位、水质变化预测,分析了北京市区的地下水环境变化情况,提出了调水工程实施后将会产生的主要环境地质问题。并结合地下水环境修复、生态恢复、地质环境问题防治等实际需要,进行了地下水停采方案的分析,为北京市未来水资源调配、地下水环境保护、城市规划修编提供依据。 相似文献