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《矿物学报》2016,(2)
川滇黔铅锌成矿域位于扬子克拉通的西南缘,是我国十分重要的铅锌成矿区带之一,相关成矿物质来源认识长期存在较大争议。本文以该区研究程度较低的黔西北云炉河坝矿集区为研究对象,对矿集区内典型的铅锌矿床(包括,昊星、富强、顺达和狮子洞等)进行了硫、铅同位素研究,以探讨其成矿物质的来源。硫同位素分析结果表明,昊星矿区硫化物的δ34S值变化范围很小(-1.5‰~2.7‰),且集中于零值附近,暗示矿区硫可能主要来自于幔源岩浆硫的贡献,另外还发现一件黄铁矿样品具有较低的δ34S值(-18.1‰),反映矿区可能还存在细菌还原硫的贡献。铅同位素数据表明,不同矿区不同类型矿石的Pb同位素组成十分均一,206Pb/204Pb介于18.196~18.525,207Pb/204Pb为15.645~15.731,208Pb/204Pb为38.415~39.058,且不同样品之间的Pb同位素不存在明显差别,表明云炉河坝矿集区中的众多铅锌矿床(点)可能具有统一的铅金属来源,且后期的氧化淋滤作用并未导致明显的铅同位素分馏。通过与区域上不同时代地层以及邻区铅锌矿床综合对比,我们初步认为矿区铅可能主要源于该区基底岩石,而非其赋矿地层和二叠纪玄武岩。 相似文献
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四川乌斯河铅锌矿床成矿物质来源及矿床成因:来自原位S-Pb同位素证据 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
乌斯河铅锌矿床位于扬子板块西南缘，是川滇黔铅锌矿集区代表性大型铅锌矿床之一，估算资源量超过370万吨，Pb+Zn平均品位~15.7%。该矿床铅锌矿体主要呈层状、似层状、透镜状产于震旦系灯影组的白云岩地层中，其围岩蚀变较弱，以白云石化和方解石化为主。矿石类型主要包括块状、条带状、角砾状、脉状和浸染状等，其中矿物组成相对简单，以闪锌矿、方铅矿、白云石和方解石为主，含少量沥青和黄铁矿。该矿床地质地球化学研究程度相对较低，其成矿物质来源不清，致使该矿床存在热水沉积成因、喷流沉积-后期热液叠加改造以及MVT型等多种成因争议，难以建立统一成矿模式。本文对乌斯河铅锌矿床不同成矿阶段的硫化物（包括黄铁矿、闪锌矿和方铅矿），开展原位硫和铅同位素地球化学研究，以查明该矿床的成矿物质来源、还原硫的形成机制和示踪成矿过程，为认识该类矿床铅锌成矿作用提供新地球化学依据。原位S同位素分析结果显示，乌斯河铅锌矿床硫化物的还原硫存在不同硫来源，成矿早阶段硫化物δ34S值较低，介于+1.3‰~+14.2‰之间，暗示可能有来自于赋矿地层圈闭古油气系统中的H2S；主成矿阶段硫化物相对富集重硫同位素，δ34S值在+11.0‰~+23.3‰之间，表明其为赋矿地层的蒸发岩的热化学还原作用的产物。此外，硫化物的LA-MC-ICPMS原位Pb同位素组成分析显示，该矿床成矿金属元素主要来源于变质基底地层，水岩反应可能使赋矿地层贡献少量的成矿物质。综合矿区地质特征和已有的地球化学研究成果，本文认为乌斯河铅锌矿床属于MVT铅锌矿床，富Pb、Zn等成矿元素的流体与富H2S的流体混合是该矿床金属硫化物沉淀的主要机制。 相似文献
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川滇黔铅锌多金属成矿域内,碳酸盐岩容矿的热液铅锌矿床多达400个。松梁铅锌矿床地处滇东北与川东南的交接处,位于川滇黔铅锌多金属成矿域的核心部位;铅锌矿体赋存于震旦系灯影组白云岩内,矿体产出明显受断裂控制;矿石矿物组成简单,主要由闪锌矿、方铅矿和黄铁矿组成。文章重点研究了松梁铅锌矿床硫化物的S、Pb、Zn同位素组成,进而探讨了其成矿物质来源及矿床成因。研究表明,松梁铅锌矿床的硫化物δ34SCDT值在+4.6‰~+13.7‰之间,平均值为+10.5‰,显示硫来源于赋矿围岩,为震旦系灯影组硫酸盐经TSR的产物;硫化物的Pb同位素比值为206Pb/204Pb=18.158~18.513、207Pb/204Pb=15.633~15.895、208Pb/204Pb=38.096~38.786,反映成矿物质为壳源铅,源自震旦系灯影组白云岩与结晶基底的混合;闪锌矿的δ66Zn为-0.126‰~+0.082‰,揭示成矿物质可能源自震旦系灯影组碳酸盐岩和结晶基底的混合。松梁铅锌矿床为后生碳酸盐岩容矿型铅锌矿床。 相似文献
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湘南铜山岭铜多金属矿床成矿物质来源的 S、Pb、C同位素约束 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
铜山岭铜多金属矿床是湘南W、Sn、Pb、Zn、Cu多金属矿集区的代表性矿床,本文对其不同类型岩石和矿石矿物进行了S、Pb、C同位素组成对比研究。矿石硫化物的δ34 S值变化范围为-1.9‰~5.7‰,平均值为2.6‰,硫主要来源于硫同位素组成均一化的岩浆。硫化物硫同位素平衡温度表明,矿床主要成矿温度为134~339℃。矿石铅的206 Pb/204 Pb、207 Pb/204 Pb、208 Pb/204 Pb比值分别为18.256~18.856、15.726~15.877、38.352~39.430;岩体岩石铅的206Pb/204Pb、207Pb/204Pb、208Pb/204Pb比值分别为18.617~18.805、15.721~15.786、38.923~39.073;两者铅同位素组成相同,都主要为上地壳铅,是由同一岩浆体系分异形成,可能来源于古老基底岩石。不同类型岩石、方解石矿物的δ13 CPDB值为-9.88‰~1.32‰,δ18 OSMOW值为11.67‰~17.68‰,从矽卡岩矿体到距岩体稍远的围岩地层,方解石矿物的δ13 CPDB、δ18 OSMOW值逐渐增大,成矿流体中的碳早期可能主要来源于岩浆,在成矿过程中有部分碳酸盐岩地层碳的加入。铜山岭矿床成矿物质主要来源于岩浆,赋矿地层对矿床成矿物质来源作用不显著,仅提供了少量成矿物质。 相似文献
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滇东北茂租大型铅锌矿床成矿物质来源及成矿机制 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
茂租铅锌矿床地处扬子地块西缘,是川滇黔铅锌成矿域内赋存于震旦系灯影组白云岩中大型铅锌矿床的典型代表.其工业矿体呈似层状、脉状和不规则状.热液方解石和矿石硫化物(闪锌矿、方铅矿和黄铁矿)是主要矿物,其形成贯穿整个成矿过程.在矿床地质特征解析基础上,获得了热液方解石C-O同位素和矿石硫化物S-Pb同位素数据,结果表明热液方解石δ13CpDB值和δ18OSMOW值变化范围较窄,分别为-3.73‰～-1.95‰和+13.80‰～+14.95‰,在δ13 CPDB与δ18OSMOW图上介于海相碳酸盐岩和原生碳酸岩范围间,呈弱负相关趋势,表明成矿流体中的CO2主要由海相碳酸盐岩溶解作用形成,并存在慢源和有机CO2加入;硫化物δ34 SCDT值介于+13.35‰～+15.37‰,暗示成矿流体中的硫是海相硫酸盐岩热化学还原的产物,而含硫有机质热降解也有贡献;硫化物Pb同位素组成稳定,206 pb/204 Pb,207 pb/204 Pb和208 pb/204 Pb值范围,分别为18.129～18.375,15.644～15.686和38.220～38.577,位于上地壳和造山带Pb演化线之间,落入基底岩石(昆阳群和会理群)Pb同位素组成范围内,表明成矿物质具有壳源特征,主要由基底岩石提供.综合各类地质-地球化学信息,认为茂租铅锌矿床成矿流体中不同组分来源不同,具有“多来源混合”特征,其成矿机制可以用“流体混合”模式来解释. 相似文献
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天宝山铅锌矿床位于扬子地台西缘,为川滇黔铅锌矿集区具有代表性大型铅锌矿床,其金属储量(Pb+Zn)可达2.6Mt,铅锌品位10%～15%。本文在系统的分析流体包裹体和C、H、O、S、Pb、Sr同位素研究的基础上,确定其成矿物质来源、成矿流体性质及来源,并探讨其成矿机制。H-O同位素及流体包裹体研究表明,成矿流体具有中低温(均一温度峰值为140～200℃)及中低盐度(盐度峰值为6%～12% NaCleqv)的特征。灯影组白云岩与海相沉积碳酸盐岩的C、O同位素组成较为相似,热液方解石与含矿白云岩O同位素组成均稍低于灯影组白云岩,表明成矿流体中的CO_2可能来源于海相碳酸盐岩的溶解。矿区硫化物δ~(34)S值介于1.1‰～7.5‰之间,表明S主要来源于灯影组中硫酸盐热化学还原作用和岩浆硫的混合。矿石硫化物的Pb同位素比值在Pb演化图解上主要落入上地壳与造山带之间,表明Pb具有壳源特征,成矿物质来源主要来自于盖层沉积岩和基底地层。闪锌矿的~(87)Sr/~(86) Sr值(0.71099～0.71856)及热液方解石~(87)Sr/~(86) Sr值(0.71014～0.71169)均高于灯影组白云岩~(87)Sr/~(86) Sr值(0.70773～0.71026),表明成矿流体流经了具有高~(87)Sr/~(86) Sr值的基底地层,并与其发生水岩反应及同位素交换。 相似文献
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黔西北筲箕湾铅锌矿床成矿物质来源:Pb同位素证据 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
筲箕湾铅锌矿床位于扬子地块西南缘川滇黔相邻铅锌矿集区黔西北铅锌成矿区垭都―蟒硐断裂带,是贵州省有色金属及核工业地质勘探局近年发现的中型矿床。对该矿床原生矿体中主要矿石矿物黄铁矿、方铅矿和闪锌矿进行了Pb同位素组成分析,结果表明矿床Pb同位素组成变化不大,其中206Pb/204Pb、207Pb/204Pb和208 Pb/204 Pb的分布范围分别在18.616～18.686、15.682～15.728和39.067～39.181之间,在206 Pb/204 Pb-207 Pb/204 Pb和206 Pb/204 Pb-208 Pb/204 Pb图中,样品投影在上地壳铅平均演化线附近的狭小区域和区域基底岩石的Pb同位素组成范围之内,靠近不同时代碳酸盐地层以及川滇黔相邻矿集区滇东北成矿区会泽超大型铅锌矿床和黔西北成矿区天桥铅锌矿床,与震旦纪灯影组白云岩和峨眉山玄武岩分布范围存在明显差异。推测矿床成矿物质来源以基底岩石为主,区域上不同时代碳酸盐地层可能提供了部分成矿物质。 相似文献
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赋存于泥盆系望城坡组白云岩中的乐开铅锌矿床位于扬子地块西南缘川滇黔接壤铅锌矿集区,主要发育似层状矿体,具有典型的“逆(逆断裂)导-张(张断裂)运-岩(受断裂影响的碳酸盐岩破碎空间被碳质黏土岩圈闭形成的有利岩性组合)储”构造控矿模式。矿石矿物主要为闪锌矿、方铅矿、黄铁矿,发育(网)脉状、角砾状、浸染状等构造与交代、充填、共边等结构,后生成矿特征明显。硫化物δ34S值为11.1‰~18.1‰(均值约14.7‰),明显高于幔源岩浆硫的δ34S值,与泥盆纪同期海水硫酸盐的δ34S值相近,显示硫化物中的还原硫可能是赋矿地层中的高溶解度硫酸盐热化学反应(TSR)的产物。硫化物铅同位素206Pb/204Pb值为18.400‰~18.767‰(均值为18.565‰);207Pb/204Pb值为15.660‰~16.058‰(均值为15.791‰);208Pb/204Pb值为38.580‰~39.432‰(均值为39.059‰),变化范围相对较大。铅同位素的207Pb/204Pb-206Pb/204Pb图解与△γ-△β图解显示明显的壳源特征,同时暗示沉积岩石与基底岩石共同提供了成矿物质。综合矿床地质、硫化物硫、铅同位素特征,笔者认为乐开铅锌矿床的成矿过程为盆地流体循环萃取沉积岩石与基底岩石的金属元素后形成含矿流体,含矿流体被深大断裂导入上覆沉积地层的特殊构造部位(被碳质黏土岩圈闭的碳酸盐岩破碎空间)时,富含的热量导致沉积盖层中硫酸盐发生热化学反应(TSR),生成大量的S2-,与含矿流体中的Pb2+、Zn2+、Fe2+等金属阳离子结合成矿。乐开铅锌矿床的地质地球化学特征与MVT型矿床类似,因此,乐开铅锌矿床属于MVT型铅锌矿床。成矿物质来源与矿床类型的确定有利于川滇黔接壤铅锌矿集区同类型铅锌矿床的勘查与开发。 相似文献
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昊星铅锌矿床位于黔西北威宁县境内的云炉河坝地区,毗邻川滇黔接壤铅锌矿集区内第二大的毛坪铅锌矿床。该矿床赋存于泥盆系碳酸盐岩中,矿体呈似层状、透镜状及脉状产出,与赋矿地层产状基本一致,受NE向构造控矿明显。硫化物矿石的Pb品位为1. 5%42. 80%,平均2. 89%,Zn品位为1. 5%35. 92%,平均9. 86%。可见,昊星铅锌矿床的成矿特征与会泽、毛坪和天桥等川滇黔铅锌矿集区内的其他典型矿床较相似。昊星铅锌矿床硫化物(黄铁矿、闪锌矿和方铅矿)的δ34SCDT值介于-57. 21‰+3. 93‰,则明显不同于会泽、毛坪和天桥等矿床(5‰%25‰),暗示昊星铅锌矿床的还原硫可能具有不同的来源或形成机制。通过分析认为,该矿床的硫很可能是海相硫酸盐生物还原过程(BSR)的产物,而黄铁矿异常低的δ34S可能是非封闭体系BSR批式分离的结果,即BSR过程形成的还原硫分批随着流体迁移至异地参与成矿。方铅矿的Pb同位素组成显示,昊星铅锌矿床的成矿金属主要由基底岩石提供。因此,本文认为昊星铅锌矿床是流体混合的产物,起源或流经基底岩石的成矿流体与BSR过程形成的还原性流体在异地发生混合,伴生部分TSR和水/岩相互作用过程,赋矿沉积岩中的蒸发岩和金属元素参与到了成矿之中,最终形成昊星铅锌矿床。 相似文献
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Guboglo M. N. 《GeoJournal》1980,4(1):53-58
International unity is becoming ever stronger in this country owing to an increasing similarity in the development of the cultural environment. This comprises the provision of all the country's republics with a sufficient number of schools, theatres, and other institutions and cultural information media in accordance with the needs of the population. An important part is played by the rise in ‘the general educational level, as well as the level of professional qualifications and skills. Among all the Soviet nations and nationalities, this rise being more rapid among formerly backward peoples. Prominent among the factors of internationalization is the progressive development of the nationalities’ cultural resources, while professional culture is being increasingly brought within the reach of the masses.The implementation of the nationalities policy promotes the all-round development of all Soviet nations and nationalities, their drawing together, the upsurge of the individual capabilities of every Soviet citizen. 相似文献
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Jiayu Rong Michael Melchin S. Henry Williams Tatyana N. Koren Jacques Verniers 《《幕》》2008,31(3):315-318
The Global Stratotype Section and Point （GSSP） for the base of the Silurian System was defined in 1985. Since that time, a number of researchers have suggested that this section has serious deficiencies for use as a GSSP. As a result, in 2000, the Subcommission on Silurian Stratigraphy （SSS） proposed undertaking a formal restu@ of this GSSP, which was subsequently approved by the International Commission of Stratigraphy （ICS）. The result of this restudy was the formal proposal that the current GSSP, at 1.6 m above the base of the Birkhill Shale, at Dob＇s Linn, Scotland, should be maintained as the same locality and stratigraphic level, but the bios- tratigraphical definition of the boundary should be revised. The previously defined, basal Silurian grapto- lite zone, the Parakidograptus acuminatus Zone, should be subdivided into a lower Akidograptus ascensus Zone and a higher E acuminatus Zone. The base of the A. ascensus Zone, marked by the first appearance of A. ascensus, should be regarded as the biostratigraphic mark for the base of the Silurian. This proposal has now been formally approved by the SSS and ICS, and ratified by International Union of Geological Sciences. This is the first GSSP to undergo formal restudy and redefini- tion, and the proposal also included a recommended procedure for restudy of GSSPs. 相似文献
13.
Deviation of the major axis of the inertia ellipsoid of the Moon from the direction toward the Earth
B. P. Kondratyev 《Astronomy Reports》2017,61(8):709-714
It is known from observations that the center of mass of the Moon does not coincide with the geometric center of its figure, and the line connecting these two centers is not aligned with the direction toward the center of the Earth, instead deviating toward the Southeast. This stationary deviation of the axis of the inertia ellipsoid of the Moon to the South of the direction toward the Earth is analyzed. A system of five linear differential equations describing the physical libration of the Moon in latitude is considered, and these equations are derived using a new vector method taking into account perturbations from the Earth and partly from the Sun. The characteristic equation of this system is obtained, and all five oscillation frequencies are found. Special attention is paid to the fifth (zero) frequency, for which the solution of the latitude libration equations are stationary and represents a previously unknown additional motion of the rotational axis of theMoon in a cone with a small opening angle. In contrast to the astronomical precession of the Earth, the rotation of the angular-velocity vector is in the positive direction (counter-clockwise), with the period T 3 = 27.32 days. On this basis, this phenomenon has been named “quasi-precession.” This quasi-precession leads to a stationary inclination of the major axis of the inertia ellipsoid of theMoon to the South (for an observer on Earth), making it possible to explain one component of the observed deviation of the center of mass of the Moon from the direction toward the Earth. The opening angle of the quasiprecession cone is approximately 0.834″. 相似文献
14.
Important tendencies in development of the world mineral-resources sector at the beginning of the 21st century were an increase in production and consumption of mineral materials differentiated by types of metals and nonmetallic mineral raw materials, by countries and regions, as well as the concentration of the production of mineral raw materials in a small number of countries, and a reduction in industrial reserves of minerals in the world economy, even at the current stage of their extraction. These tendencies should be taken into account in working out a strategy for development of the Russian mineral raw-material base. 相似文献
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Fouad N. Ibrahim Dr. 《GeoJournal》1988,17(1):133-141
Taking the example of W Sudan, an analysis of the climatic incidents leading to the two recent famine disasters is made. On this natural background, the human side is investigated. Focus is directed towards the fragile economic structure of the famine-prone population groups. An early-warning system for famine in the Sahelian Zone is proposed taking grain production and storage, livestock development and the relationship between the prices of livestock and grain as major indicators. 相似文献
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东濮凹陷北部沙三中亚段广泛发育盐岩和烃源岩,这两个看似不能共存的物质却在这里互层共生。该时期研究区沉积特征为多盐韵律与多层烃源岩互层共生、连续沉积,单个盐韵律厚度从几米到十几米,烃源岩有机质丰度高、类型好。平面上,两者在湖盆沉积沉降中心共生;垂向上,高有机质丰度、好干酪根类型与高盐度地层具有较好的对应关系。因而成为恢复古气候和古环境的重要研究对象。通过岩石学、古生物学以及Sr/Ba、B/Ga、(V+Ni+Mn)、Fe/Mn、Sr/Cu、Mg/Ca、V/(V+Ni)、稀土元素含量和氯同位素等方法对凹陷北部沙三中亚段的沉积环境进行研究。结果表明,凹陷北部沙三中亚段为深水沉积的还原环境,古盐度较高,达到半咸水-咸水沉积;微量元素和孢粉化石特征表明研究区沙三中亚段为温暖潮湿的环境。 相似文献
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郯庐断裂南段研究进展与断裂性质讨论 总被引：13，自引：3，他引：13
据1：5万区域地质调查和专题研究资料，就郯庐断裂带是否南延与消失的原因，其与大别—苏鲁造山带交截形成的假位错效应，以及与中新生代沉积盆地形成演化的关系等作了新的阐述。在此基础上，讨论了郯庐断裂带是否为巨大的左行平移断层或转换断层。认为郯庐断裂带可能是在“古郯庐带”的基础上于早侏罗世重新活动、白垩纪强烈活动的地堑型枢纽断裂带。 相似文献
20.
The Importance of the Precipitation and the Susceptibility of the Slopes for the Triggering of Landslides Along the Roads 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
Clemente Irigaray Francisco Lamas Rachid El Hamdouni Tomás Fernández José Chacón 《Natural Hazards》2000,21(1):65-81
In order to characterise the influence of the heavyrains on the observed landslides during the 1996–1997hydrological cycle, rainfall records for the last 100years are analysed from 104 stations in easternAndalusia. Regarding the amounts of rain recordedbetween October 1996 and March 1997 in the 104stations studied, 31 presented new all-time records;15 presented values that were 80–100% of thepre-1995 record; 49 stations, 80–50%; and 9stations, < 50%. A map has been devised of thesusceptibility of the materials through which thesouth-eastern Andalusian road network crosses,together with an inventory of the damage caused byinstability phenomena on banks and cuttings of theroad network during the winter of 1996–1997. Therelationships between the rainfall during the studyperiod, the damage caused to the road network and thesusceptibility of the materials affected are analysed.The results indicate that there is a clearcorrespondence between the rainfall recorded and thesusceptibility of the materials with the inventorieddamage. It is concluded that the widespread seriousdamage caused in early 1997 to the roads andsurrounding areas in the Alpujarra region and thecoast of the Province of Granada was mainly caused bythe extraordinarily heavy rains. However, considerablyless damage was observed where the susceptibility ofthe terrain is low, thus highlighting the extremeusefulness of terrain-susceptibility maps for riskprevention and territorial planning. 相似文献