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1.
江西九江城门山铜矿三维地质地球化学特征与成矿预测 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
利用城门山铜矿326个钻孔的原始资料信息,通过MAPGIS-TDE三维可视化系统建立三维地质、地球化学模型,结合数学模型进行深部成矿预测。结果表明,城门山铜矿深部主体岩体是晚期的石英斑岩,早期的花岗闪长斑岩是石英斑岩的大"捕虏体";赋存于上泥盆统五通组与中石炭统黄龙组假整合面和裂隙带中的似层状块状硫化物矿体往深部产状变缓,有往向斜核部发育的趋势;城门山铜矿深部应以寻找斑岩型钼矿和似层状含铜黄铁矿为主要找矿方向,第二空间(-500～-1000m)约有50×104t铜资源量(Cu≥0.3%))和20×104t钼资源量(Mo≥0.04%)。建议在矿区0-102勘探线剖面上实施深部钻孔工程。 相似文献
2.
老矿区面临着提高资源保障能力和保证矿山长远发展的挑战,对其深部资源量进行预测具有重要的现实意义。以江西城门山铜矿深部铜资源量的预测为例,以富Cu地质体为资源量计算对象,通过函数拟合积分和三维地质体可视化模型,探讨用面金属量积分法和三维地质体块段法进行深部铜资源量预测的原理和具体操作流程。最后尝试利用这2种方法计算第一空间(0～-500m)和预测第二空间(-500～-1000m)的资源量。结果表明：第一空间2种方法均可行,计算结果与传统的储量计算结果十分接近;第二空间资源量预测以三维地质体块段法为宜。当铜矿体边界品位指标分别为0.3%和0.2%时,三维地质体块段法预测深部资源量为57.97×104t和137.58×104t,深部铜资源量主要集中在似层状含Cu黄铁矿中(Ⅰ号矿体)。 相似文献
3.
老矿区面临着提高资源保障能力和保证矿山长远发展的挑战.对其深部资源量进行预测具有重要的现实意义.以江西城门山铜矿深部铜资源量的预测为例,以富Cu地质体为资源量计算对象,通过函数拟合积分和三维地质体可视化模型,探讨用面金属量积分法和三维地质体块段法进行深部铜资源量预测的原理和具体操作流程.最后尝试利用这2种方法计算第一空间(0～-500m)和预测第二空间(-500～-1000m)的资源量.结果表明:第一空间2种方法均可行,计算结果与传统的储量计算结果十分接近;第二空间资源量预测以三维地质体块段法为宜.当铜矿体边界品位指标分别为0.3%和0.2%时.三维地质体块段法预测深部资源量为57.97×10~4t和137.58×l0~4t,深部铜资源量主要集中在似屡状含Cu黄铁矿中(I号矿体). 相似文献
4.
云南普朗印支期超大型斑岩铜矿床：岩石学及年代学特征 总被引：44，自引：14，他引：44
普朗斑岩铜矿位于云南西北晚三叠世义敦岛弧南段的滇西中甸弧内。义敦岛弧北部产有著名的呷村式黑矿型块状硫化物矿床,南部大量发育斑岩型铜矿床,普朗斑岩铜矿床即是其中的典型代表。普朗矿床由南、北两个复式岩体(矿段)组成,两个矿段均由一系列NW向构造控制的石英闪长玢岩、石英二长斑岩小岩株组成,是普朗铜矿区的主体,探明铜矿石量1．6亿吨,铜平均品位0．57%,铜金属量114万吨,伴生金金属量28．80吨,金品位0．18g/t;钼6399吨,品位0．004%。普朗斑岩铜矿床远景储量400万吨以上,为一个具有超大型规模远景储量的斑岩型铜矿床。普朗斑岩体容矿围岩SiO_2＞56%,MgO 1．34%～2．73%,Sr 661×10~(-6)～909×10~(-6),Y 10．78×10~(-6)～17．92×10~(-6),Yb 1．07×10~(-6)～1．87×10~(-6),LREE富集,δEu 0．83～0．93,Sr/Y比值22～64,K_2O/Na_2O比值0．52,具有与洋壳俯冲产生的埃达克岩(Ⅰ型埃达克岩)相似的地球化学特征。普朗斑岩铜矿形成于印支期,在我国斑岩铜矿床中具有其特殊性(不同于青藏高原喜马拉雅期斑岩铜矿带,如冈底斯斑岩铜矿带、玉龙斑岩带等;也不同于古亚洲成矿域的海西期斑岩铜矿带,如土屋-延东斑岩铜矿带,以及中国东部的燕山期斑岩铜矿带,如德兴斑岩铜矿),无论对中甸岛孤带的基础地质还是矿产资源评价预测的研究,该类矿床都具有重要的意义。普朗斑岩铜矿床含矿黑云石英二长斑岩的钾硅酸盐化(黑云母化和钾长石化)的成矿热液活动时间为235．4±2．4Ma～221．5±2．0Ma之间,石英-辉钼矿阶段的辉钼矿成矿(Re-Os)年龄大致为213±3．8 Ma;对矿区主矿体的热液黑云母单矿物的~(40)Ar/~(39)Ar测年,无论是含铜钼的矿化岩体,还是仅含铜的斑岩体,其成矿年龄(坪年龄)变化于为214．58±0．91Ma至216．0±1Ma之间,与辉钼矿Re-Os年龄非常接近,为晚三叠世诺利期。这表明普朗斑岩铜矿床的成矿作用在印支期完成。 相似文献
5.
希勒克特哈腊苏铜矿位于阿尔泰铜矿带南缘,即原卡拉先格尔斑岩铜矿带内。初步的研究和钻孔资料表明,铜矿体完全受斑岩体(石英闪长斑岩和花岗闪长斑岩)控制,矿石具细脉浸染状构造,金属矿物主要为黄铜矿和黄铁矿以及少量的磁铁矿、斑铜矿和镜铁矿。其中磁铁矿形成早于黄铜矿,指示了岩浆具有较高的氧化状态。矿化蚀变分带与斑岩铜矿基本相似,岩体内见钾长石化、黑云母化、硅化和黄铁矿化,接触带见石英绢云母化,围岩见青磐岩化。含矿斑岩的地球化学特征表明其属于埃达克岩(adakite):高SiO2(63%～66%)、高Al2O3(15%～17%)、富集Sr(378×10-6～447×10-6)、无负Eu异常、亏损Y(10×10-6～14×10-6)和Yb(1.3×10-6～1.5×10-6)以及低的Sr同位素初始值(0.70439)、高的(εNd)t(+6.9～+8.2)和低的δ18OV-SMOW(<10‰)。其Rb-Sr等时线年龄为(332.8±8.5)Ma,为早石炭世侵位的产物,其形成与蒙古洋板块向南俯冲造成的洋壳部分熔融有关,因此其成矿地质背景与世界巨型斑岩铜矿十分相似。另外,在希勒克特哈腊苏铜矿外围还有数个与其十分相似的铜矿点,因此该地区展示了良好的找矿前景,同时也是中国又一个潜在的斑岩铜矿带。 相似文献
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7.
广东省大宝山斑岩型铜矿床勘查突破及其区域找矿意义 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
接替资源勘查是广东省大宝山铜多金属矿近十五年的主题之一。本文在介绍矿床地质的基础上，回顾了大宝山英安斑岩中斑岩型铜矿的发现过程。陡倾细脉状石英硫化物是大宝山斑岩型铜矿的主要矿化形式，脉体倾向290°～310°，倾角65°～75°，脉幅主要为0. 5～10mm，脉频平均约22条/m。通过查明英安斑岩与铜多金属矿化之间的关系，将勘探线方向调整为120°，钻孔尽可能大角度穿切石英硫化物脉体，成为斑岩型铜矿勘查取得突破的关键。大宝山英安斑岩墙是早侏罗世晚期(175Ma前后)沿大宝山逆冲推覆构造侵位的浅成岩，铜硫多金属矿化与之相关。铜矿化强度与(黄铁)绢英岩化、绢云母化和绿泥石化关系十分密切，蚀变分带较为发育，是特殊类型的斑岩铜矿。铜矿化品位主要为0. 10%～0. 60%，平均品位0. 43%。250m高程以上的大宝山英安斑岩墙中，初步估算新增铜资源量可达大型规模，深部依然是其找矿主攻方向。在粤北—赣南地区，加强与英安斑岩相关的铜、铅、锌、金、银等多金属找矿勘查工作，有望在该区落实一个北东向斑岩型铜多金属成矿带。 相似文献
8.
江西城门山铜矿地质特征及矿床成因 总被引：7，自引：1，他引：7
江西城门山铜矿床的形成与长山-城门湖背斜和NEE向、NW向、NNE向三组断裂有关,矿床主要产于燕山期花岗闪长斑岩与石炭系、二叠系、三叠系碳酸盐岩的接触带上,部分矿体产于花岗闪长斑岩中.成矿物质具有多源、深源性.矿床为似层状、豆荚状、透镜状、带状及席状.通过对矿体形态、矿石组成、矿石结构构造、围岩蚀变等矿床特征的研究,进一步分析了矿床的成因.其结果认为,城门山铜矿床为燕山早期晚阶段及晚期早阶段中酸性钙碱系列岩浆的多次上侵作用形成的矽卡岩型、块状硫化物型、斑岩型“三位一体”的铜矿床,为岩浆期后中低温热液矿床. 相似文献
9.
首次运用Re-Os同位素定年法对武山铜矿南矿带的辉钼矿进行年龄测试,测得5件样品的模式年龄变化于144.0～145.7Ma,等时线年龄为146.4±2.6Ma,与花岗闪长斑岩145±3.9Ma的SISM法年龄值相吻合,表明武山铜矿南矿带成矿与晚侏罗世中酸性岩浆活动关系密切。该矿床北矿带层状、似层状硫化物型矿体曾经历海西期海底喷流-沉积成矿,而燕山期岩浆期后热液叠加改造对其形成具有重要作用,即武山铜矿最终形成于晚侏罗世。以矽卡岩型-(似)层状硫化物型矿化为主的武山铜矿稍早于同属九-瑞矿集区、以斑岩型-(似)层状硫化物型矿化为主的城门山铜矿形成,由于其成矿伴随着下扬子地区岩石圈的大规模减薄事件,成矿时间差很可能是导致两者矿化特征差异的重要原因。武山铜矿及九-瑞矿集区与铜陵、安庆和鄂东南矿集区的成岩成矿时代高度一致,它们是在统一的构造-岩浆作用过程中、与燕山期花岗质岩浆活动有关的产物。 相似文献
10.
准噶尔谢米斯台铜矿的发现及意义 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
近年来,新疆西准噶尔金、铜矿床找矿勘查取得了重大突破,谢米斯台区野外地质工作过程中,发现S24铜矿点.通过地质填图、地球化学扫面和深部地球物理测量,发现S24铜矿点存在火山机构,矿化受火山机构和区域断裂联合控制.地表圈出3个矿化体,发现地球物理异常达地下400 m,火山机构深部可能存在斑岩型矿化.经钻孔验证(孔深350 m),发现地下3层矿化体,估算铜资源量5×104 t.认为S24铜矿点具小型铜矿床规模,将其命名为谢米斯台铜矿.含矿火山岩锆石U-Pb年龄为(422.5±1.9) Ma.谢米斯台铜矿是西准噶尔地区形成于早古生代火山岩型铜矿. 相似文献
11.
Most sulfide-rich magmatic Ni-Cu-(PGE) deposits form in dynamic magmatic systems by partial melting S-bearing wall rocks with variable degrees of assimilation of miscible silicate and volatile components, and generation of barren to weakly-mineralized immiscible Fe sulfide xenomelts into which Ni-Cu-Co-PGE partition from the magma. Some exceptionally-thick magmatic Cr deposits may form by partial melting oxide-bearing wall rocks with variable degrees of assimilation of the miscible silicate and volatile components, and generation of barren Fe ± Ti oxide xenocrysts into which Cr-Mg-V ± Ti partition from the magma. The products of these processes are variably preserved as skarns, residues, xenoliths, xenocrysts, xenomelts, and xenovolatiles, which play important to critical roles in ore genesis, transport, localization, and/or modification. Incorporation of barren xenoliths/autoliths may induce small amounts of sulfide/chromite to segregate, but incorporation of sulfide xenomelts or oxide xenocrysts with dynamic upgrading of metal tenors (PGE > Cu > Ni > Co and Cr > V > Ti, respectively) is required to make significant ore deposits. Silicate xenomelts are only rarely preserved, but will be variably depleted in chalcophile and ferrous metals. Less dense felsic xenoliths may aid upward sulfide transport by increasing the effective viscosity and decreasing the bulk density of the magma. Denser mafic or metamorphosed xenoliths may also increase the effective viscosity of the magma, but may aid downward sulfide transport by increasing the bulk density of the magma. Sulfide wets olivine, so olivine xenocrysts may act as filter beds to collect advected finely dispersed sulfide droplets, but other silicates and xenoliths may not be wetted by sulfides. Xenovolatiles may retard settling of – or in some cases float – dense sulfide droplets. Reactions of sulfide melts with felsic country rocks may generate Fe-rich skarns that may allow sulfide melts to fractionate to more extreme Cu-Ni-rich compositions. Xenoliths, xenocrysts, xenomelts, and xenovolatiles are more likely to be preserved in cooler basaltic magmas than in hotter komatiitic magmas, and are more likely to be preserved in less dynamic (less turbulent) systems/domain/phases than in more dynamic (more turbulent) systems/domains/phases. Massive to semi-massive Ni-Cu-PGE and Cr mineralization and xenoliths are often localized within footwall embayments, dilations/jogs in dikes, throats of magma conduits, and the horizontal segments of dike-chonolith and dike-sill complexes, which represent fluid dynamic traps for both ascending and descending sulfides/oxides. If skarns, residues, xenoliths, xenocrysts, xenomelts, and/or xenovolatiles are present, they provide important constraints on ore genesis and they are valuable exploration indicators, but they must be included in elemental and isotopic mass balance calculations. 相似文献
12.
Between 1985 and 1991, two new mountain protected areas (MTNPA) covering more than 35,000 km2 and based on participatory management models — the Makalu-Barun National Park and Conservation Area, Nepal, and Qomolangma Nature Preserve, Tibet Autonomous Region — were successfully established through the collaborative efforts of Woodlands Mountain Institute and conservationists in China and Nepal. Characteristics common to both projects include the importance of establishing (1) effective rationales, (2) local support constituencies, (3) a senior advisory group, (4) a task force, (5) linkages between conservation and development, and (6) fund raising mechanisms. The lessons derived from the experiences of Woodlands Mountain Institute are of significant value to others in preserving MTNPA. Increased collaboration and communication between all interested in conservation, however, will remain a critical component for expanding mountain protected area coverage to throughout the world. 相似文献
13.
《Geoforum》2017
This article advances critical geographies of youth through examining the spatiality implicit in the imagined futures of young women in rural India. Geographers and other scholars of youth have begun to pay more attention to the interplay between young people’s past, present, and imagined futures. Within this emerging body of scholarship the role of the family and peer group in influencing young people’s orientations toward the future remain underexamined. Drawing on eleven months of ethnographic fieldwork, my research focuses on a first generation of college-going young women from socioeconomically marginalized backgrounds in India’s westernmost state of Gujarat. I draw on the “possible selves” theoretical construct in order to deploy a flexible conceptual framework that links imagined post-educational trajectories with motivation to act in the present. In tracing the physical movement of these young women as they navigate and complete college, my analysis highlights the ways in which particular kinds of spaces and spatial arrangements facilitate and limit intra- and inter-generational contact, and the extent to which this affects young women’s conceptions of the future. I conclude by considering the wider implications of my research for ongoing debates surrounding youth transitions, relational geographies of age, and education in the Global South. 相似文献
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《Chemical Geology》2007,236(1-2):13-26
We examined the coprecipitation behavior of Ti, Mo, Sn and Sb in Ca–Al–Mg fluorides under two different fluoride forming conditions: at < 70 °C in an ultrasonic bath (denoted as the ultrasonic method) and at 245 °C using a Teflon bomb (denoted as the bomb method). In the ultrasonic method, small amounts of Ti, Mo and Sn coprecipitation were observed with 100% Ca and 100% Mg fluorides. No coprecipitation of Ti, Mo, Sn and Sb in Ca–Al–Mg fluorides occurred when the sample was decomposed by the bomb method except for 100% Ca fluoride. Based on our coprecipitation observations, we have developed a simultaneous determination method for B, Ti, Zr, Nb, Mo, Sn, Sb, Hf and Ta by Q-pole type ICP-MS (ICP-QMS) and sector field type ICP-MS (ICP-SFMS). 9–50 mg of samples with Zr–Mo–Sn–Sb–Hf spikes were decomposed by HF using the bomb method and the ultrasonic method with B spike. The sample was then evaporated and re-dissolved into 0.5 mol l− 1 HF, followed by the removal of fluorides by centrifuging. B, Zr, Mo, Sn, Sb and Hf were measured by ID method. Nb and Ta were measured by the ID-internal standardization method, based on Nb/Mo and Ta/Mo ratios using ICP-QMS, for which pseudo-FI was developed and applied. When 100% recovery yields of Zr and Hf are expected, Nb/Zr and Ta/Hf ratios may also be used. Ti was determined by the ID-internal standardization method, based on the Ti/Nb ratio from ICP-SFMS. Only 0.053 ml sample solution was required for measurement of all 9 elements. Dilution factors of ≤ 340 were aspirated without matrix effects. To demonstrate the applicability of our method, 4 carbonaceous chondrites (Ivuna, Orgueil, Cold Bokkeveld and Allende) as well as GSJ and USGS silicate reference materials of basalts, andesites and peridotites were analyzed. Our analytical results are consistent with previous studies, and the mean reproducibility of each element is 1.0–4.6% for basalts and andesites, and 6.7–11% for peridotites except for TiO2. 相似文献
16.
I. Bejarano-Ramirez Jose M. Jurado R. Muñiz-Valencia Á. Alcázar Silvia G. Ceballos-Magaña A. Olivos-Ortiz O. Rangel 《International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology》2017,14(6):1333-1342
The contents of As, Cd, Cu, Cr, Mg, Mn, Ni, Pb and Zn have been determined in sediment and water samples from Valle de las Garzas estuary and Port Manzanillo (Colima, Mexico) using ICP-AES. The concentrations of these elements were used for a comparative study to determine the distribution of heavy metals and to evaluate which elements reflect natural or anthropogenic backgrounds. For this purpose, seven sampling points were selected: Four of them correspond to the lagoon, and three were situated in the port. Statistical analysis of the mineral content was assessed. Initially, data comparison was assessed by statistical tests for each variable. Principal component analysis was then applied considering the influence of all variables at the same time by obtaining the distribution of samples according to their scores in the principal component space. In this way, four studies were carried out: (1) study of sediments collected during the dry season; (2) study of sediments collected during the rainy season; (3) comparative study between sediments from rainy and dry season; and (4) study of water composition collected during rainy season. From the results of the performed analyses, it can be concluded that metals distribution pattern reflected natural and anthropogenic backgrounds (e.g., sediments from the lagoon, situated at the beginning of the rain channel, presented high contents of Zn and Cu, perhaps related to anthropogenic activities or the influence of igneous sediments). 相似文献
17.
Models have become so fashionable that many scientists and engineers cannot imagine working without them. The predominant use of computer codes to execute model calculations has blurred the distinction between code and model. The recent controversy regarding model validation has brought into question what we mean by a ‘model’ and by ‘validation.’ It has become apparent that the usual meaning of validation may be common in engineering practice and seems useful in legal practice but it is contrary to scientific practice and brings into question our understanding of science and how it can best be applied to such problems as hazardous waste characterization, remediation, and aqueous geochemistry in general. This review summarizes arguments against using the phrase model validation and examines efforts to validate models for high-level radioactive waste management and for permitting and monitoring open-pit mines. Part of the controversy comes from a misunderstanding of ‘prediction’ and the need to distinguish logical from temporal prediction. Another problem stems from the difference in the engineering approach contrasted with the scientific approach. The reductionist influence on the way we approach environmental investigations also limits our ability to model the interconnected nature of reality. Guidelines are proposed to improve our perceptions and proper utilization of models. Use of the word ‘validation’ is strongly discouraged when discussing model reliability. 相似文献
18.
Hirokazu Fujimaki 《Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology》1986,94(1):42-45
Concentration ratios of Hf, Zr, and REE between zircon, apatite, and liquid were determined for three igneous compositions: two andesites and a diorite. The concentration ratios of these elements between zircon and corresponding liquid can approximate the partition coefficient. Although the concentration ratios between apatite and andesite groundmass can be considered as partition coefficients, those for the apatite in the diorite may deviate from the partition coefficients. The HREE partition coefficients between zircon and liquid are very large (100 for Er to 500 for Lu), and the Hf partition coefficient is even larger. The REE partition coefficients between apatite and liquid are convex upward, and large (D=10–100), whereas the Hf and Zr partition coefficients are less than 1. The large differences between partition coefficients of Lu and Hf for zircon-liquid and for apatite-liquid are confirmed. These partition coefficients are useful for petrogenetic models involving zircon and apatite. 相似文献
19.
The shape of sedimentary particles may carry important information on their history. Current approaches to shape classification
(e.g. the Zingg or the Sneed and Folk system) rely on shape indices derived from the measurement of the three principal axes
of the approximating tri-axial ellipsoid. While these systems have undoubtedly proved to be useful tools, their application
inevitably requires tedious and ambiguous measurements, also classification involves the introduction of arbitrarily chosen
constants. Here we propose an alternative classification system based on the (integer) number of static equilibria. The latter
are points of the surface where the pebble is at rest on a horizontal, frictionless support. As opposed to the Zingg system,
our method relies on counting rather than measuring. We show that equilibria typically exist on two well-separated (micro
and macro) scales. Equilibria can be readily counted by simple hand experiments, i.e. the new classification scheme is practically
applicable. Based on statistical results from two different locations we demonstrate that pebbles are well mixed with respect
to the new classes, i.e. the new classification is reliable and stable in that sense. We also show that the Zingg statistics
can be extracted from the new statistics; however, substantial additional information is also available. From the practical
point of view, E-classification is substantially faster than the Zingg method. 相似文献
20.
Pools,riffles, and channelization 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Edward A. Keller 《Environmental Geology》1978,2(2):119-127
The addition of regularly spaced deeps (pools) and shallows (riffles) that provide a variety of flow conditions, areal sorting
of stream-bed material, cover for wildlife, and a positive aesthetic experience, may be desirable in many channel projects.
Such designs will reduce adverse environmental impacts of stream channel modifications.
Analysis of variance for pool-to-pool spacing data suggests that there is no significant difference with respect to channel
width between pools that form in natural streams and those in streams affected by a variety of human uses. Short of channelization,
which changes the channel width, pools and riffles, within limits, are not particularly sensitive to environmental stress.
Experiments in Gum Branch near Charlotte, North Carolina, support the hypothesis that channel form and process evolve in harmony
and that manipulation of cross-channel morphology can influence the development of desired channel processes. Planned manipulation
of its channel form induced Gum Branch to develop as desired. Morphologic stability consisting of incipient point bars, pools,
and riffles was maintained over a period of high magnitude flood events, only to be degraded later by a wave of sediment derived
from upstream construction and stream-bank failures. Thus, environmentally desirable channel morphology in urban streams cannot
remain stable if changes in the sediment load or storm-water runoff exceed the limits of the stream's ability to make internal
adjustments while maintaining morphologic stability. 相似文献