共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 250 毫秒
1.
冰碛石的形态和表面特征 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
沉积物中砾石的各种形态参数(磨圆度、球度和扁平度)及表面特征对研究搬运介质和沉积过程是很有用的。有些作者的工作表明,冰碛中的砾石随搬运距离的增加,其磨圆度和球度的提高是明显的;还有人用A.Cailleux的计算磨圆度的公式(2R/a×100)成功地揭示了冰碛、冰水沉积、冰川接触沉积和融冻泥流沉积之间的 相似文献
2.
冰水沉积是和冰川发育密切相关的,系由冰川融水造成的一种颗粒较细、磨圆较好、分选性好、有一定层理的沉积物。在冰水砾石中仔细观察,往往可以找到残留有某些冰碛砾石特征的条痕石、马鞍石、压凹石及碎裂石等。这些特征,使冰水沉积既区别于冰碛物,又区别于一般的流水沉积。在山区,特别是在高山区,冰水沉积并不是很难辨认的。 相似文献
3.
冰川沉积物成因确定的一种新方法 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3
冰川沉积物的成因鉴定一直存在争论,尤其是体现在讨论第四纪冰川沉积物的成因确定问题方面,传统地质学从冰川沉积物的沉积学和地貌学特征方面来讨论其成因受到了挑战,本文试图从沉积砾石中寻找与冰川成因直接相关的应用信息,进而提出用砾石的声发射应力测量法确定其冰川成因的新认识,首先对现代冰川砾石进行声发射应力测量,将此测量值丙与 石所受的实际铅直应力值比较,研究显示二者对应很好,说明冰川砾石是能够记忆上覆冰层所造成的应力,其次,无争议的第四纪冰川砾石亦具有对应的应力记录,最后讨论了有争议的庐山地区第本四冰川沉积,研 相似文献
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5.
论内蒙古第四纪冰川和冰臼群的成因 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
通过内蒙古林东地区第四纪冰川地质和冰臼群成因专项调查工作，发现了晚更新世冰碛泥砾层的龟背石、熨斗石、龟裂石等典型的冰碛砾石及冰斗、刃脊、角峰、冰川槽谷中的表皮构造等山谷冰川遗迹。在花岗岩体中发的岩臼群，可划分为冰期冰雪融水形成的冰臼、现代季节性降水形成的瓯穴和风蚀作用为主形成的风翕3种类型。本区冰臼同山谷冰川相伴随，未发现远源巨型漂砾等大陆冰盖证据。 相似文献
6.
本世纪四十年代以前,人们对冰川沉积物仍是朦胧不清的。四十年代以后,学者们不仅进行了大量冰碛地层学的研究,而且对冰碛的某些特征有了初步的认识,但仍未超出“杂乱无章”的概念,没有充分意识到冰碛的多变性和多成因性。六十年代后,人们已充分意识到成因对其性质的影响,并进行了大量的研究,他们主要根据各类冰碛的特征,作出了其成因的理论推测。七十年代初,又进行了大量冰床及冰川沉积过程的实 相似文献
7.
近年在晋西北地区发现一套早白垩世的红色粗碎屑岩,其砾石的特征与第四纪冰碛砾石及一些现代山谷冰川的砾石极相似,然而,在我国白垩纪的冰川遗迹尚无报导。这里的现象不仅事关“冰川遗迹”的鉴定问题,而且涉及红层的成因等问题。为此,本文侧 相似文献
8.
冰川沉积物,尤其是第四纪冰川沉积物的成因鉴定一直存在争议,根据冰川沉积物的沉积学及地貌学特征来确定其是否冰川成因这一传统地质学方法,在中国东部受到了挑战。笔者利用砾石的声发射应力测量法(AE法)在冰川砾石中识别出与冰川作用直接相关的应力信息,从而对第四纪冰川沉积物的成因鉴定提供一种新的可靠方法。首先利用AE法对东昆仑山西大滩现代冰川砾石进行声发射应力测量,得到砾石的AE应力值,并将此值与砾石所承受的实际铅直应力计算值进行验证,发现二者吻合,证明冰川砾石是能够记忆上覆冰层所造成的应力。其次,在昆仑山垭口地区发育… 相似文献
9.
报道了新发现的旁多群中部的打鲁雄剖面及其含有典型坠石的沉积特征。该剖面旁多群中部以陆源碎屑少、悬浮泥质沉积为主的欠补偿的深水盆地相沉积为特征，同时夹有水下冰碛岩、重力流沉积等。纹层状一薄层状的粘土质岩层内分布着粒径是基质的100-1000倍的棱角状一次棱角状、长轴垂直近垂直于纹层面或层面的碎屑和砾石。砾石上下的泥质岩具有顶凸下挠的现象。碎屑和砾石及其对上下地层的影响表明其为坠石沉积。旁多群中指示冰川、冰筏沉积作用存在的坠石的发现，有力地证明了青藏高原石炭纪——二叠纪冈瓦纳相地层形成于受到冈瓦纳大陆冰川影响的海相环境。 相似文献
10.
有的学者将各种畸形砾石称之为“冰川变形石”，并作为中国东部第四纪冰川作用的证据。畸形砾石并非冰川成因，不能作为第四纪冰川作用的证据。它们的真正成因是与各种原岩机械破碎时结构面软科学性质及后来运移过程中外营力的改造作用密切相关。 相似文献
11.
JOHN SHAW 《Sedimentology》1987,34(1):103-116
Glacigenic sediments exposed in pits around Villeneuve, near Edmonton, Alberta, are subdivided into facies based on grain size, sedimentary structure, glacially-induced deformation and faulting, and groove marks. Two diamicton facies are recognised, one of which is interpreted as a primary till, deposited directly from glacier ice, and the other as a product of mass-movement. The diamicton facies are closely associated with current bedded facies interpreted as fluvioglacial deposits. The stratigraphic sedimentological and tectonic aspects of these fluvial deposits suggest subglacial deposition in channels and cavities. At any one place the glacier appears to have alternated between being attached to the bed, causing thrusting and sole marking, and being separated from the bed by a cavity in which fluvial and mass-movement sediments accumulated. The net result is a highly complex and laterally variable stratigraphy produced by a single glacial advance. The correct interpretation of such sequences is essential if lithostratigraphy is to be used to establish glacial history. In addition, the interpretations presented here have implications regarding the formation of soft zones in ‘till’. They indicate that the soft zones are beds of sorted sediment redeposited by mass-movement. 相似文献
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Arkady Tsyrulnikov Igor Tuuling Volli Kalm Tiit Hang Tom Flodén 《Boreas: An International Journal of Quaternary Research》2012,41(4):673-689
The Lateglacial and postglacial sequence in the northern Gulf of Riga is sedimentologically subdivided into nine distinctive layers. In the seismo‐acoustic sequence these layers are correlated with seven seismic/acoustic units, which largely reflect different stages in the development of the Baltic Sea. A uniform layer of the Late Weichselian till, a layer of waterlain glacial diamicton (WGD), a varved succession of the Baltic Ice Lake, a brackish‐water/freshwater sandy/silty clay of Yoldia Sea, a FeS‐rich layer of Ancylus Lake and discordantly bedded sand of the Litorina Sea and present‐day gyttja are revealed both in sediment cores and in acoustic recordings. In general, the lateral extent of the distinguished sediment layers is gradually shrinking upwards in the Quaternary sequence towards the deepest, central depression of the gulf. Two distinguished regional discontinuities divide the Lateglacial and postglacial sediment sequence into three allounits: glacial diamicton deposits in the lower part; ice‐proximal WGD, glaciolacustrine and postglacial lake/marine deposits in the middle; and brackish‐water marine deposits in the uppermost part of the sequence. The presented detailed seismostratigraphic subdivision of the Quaternary sediment sequence of the Gulf of Riga permits a correlation/comparison with similar sequences across the Baltic Sea and in other former glaciated basins. 相似文献
13.
Constraining the chronology of Pleistocene glaciations on Svalbard: Kapp Ekholm re‐visited 
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下载免费PDF全文 Sarah V. Eccleshall Anne Hormes Alexander Hovland Frank Preusser 《Boreas: An International Journal of Quaternary Research》2016,45(4):790-803
The Kapp Ekholm site, in central Spitsbergen, shows alternating units of glaciomarine sandy silt and diamicton representing three glacial cycles and is key in reconstructing the Late Pleistocene glacial history of Svalbard. Part of the site is reinvestigated here by focusing on re‐dating two units (B and F) interpreted as interglacial/interstadial glaciomarine deposits, in order to constrain the controversial chronology. A combination of Optical Stimulated Luminescence (OSL) on quartz, infrared stimulated luminescence with a 50 °C readout temperature (IRSL50) and post infrared‐infrared stimulated luminescence (pIR), both on feldspar, was applied. While Formation B was beyond the dateable range of OSL, IRSL50 and pIR ages lead to the conclusion that this unit represents the Last Interglacial, Marine Isotope Stage (MIS) 5e, and the underlying diamicton the MIS 6 glacial. Formation F yielded ages implying that the formation represents the MIS 5a interstadial and the underlying diamicton is interpreted to represent the MIS 5b stadial. This agrees with conclusions drawn concerning the Pleistocene glaciations elsewhere on Svalbard. 相似文献
14.
The stratigraphy and sedimentology of the glacial deposits exposed along the coast of east Yorkshire are reviewed. Critical sections at Filey Brigg, Barmston and Skipsea are examined to reassess the stratigraphy of Devensian Dimlington Stadial glacial deposits in the light of recent developments in glacial sedimentology. Sedimentary and glaciotectonic structures studied in the field and by using scanning electron microscopy are emphasised. Two hypotheses are considered for the genesis of the interbedded diamictons and stratified sediments. The first involves the deposition of lodgement till and/or deformation till followed by meltout till, which was overridden to produce more deformation till, reflecting periods of ice stagnation punctuated by glacier thickening. The second hypothesis, which is favoured on the basis of field evidence and micromorphology, involves the vertical accretion of a deforming till layer associated with cavity/channel or tunnel valley fills, beneath active ice. At Barmston the upper part of the diamicton contains elongate pendant structures containing gravels, indicating that the diamicton was saturated and able to flow. The diamictons, therefore, represent a complex sequence of tills deposited and deformed by active ice during the Dimlington Stadial. Previously published stratigraphical schemes involving classifications of multiple tills in east Yorkshire should be simplified and it is more appropriate to assign these to a single formation, the Skipsea Till Formation. Rhythmic glaciolacustrine and proglacial glaciofluvial sediments overlie the tills at Barmston and Skipsea. These were deposited in sag basins during deglaciation as the tills settled and deformed under thickening sediment and as buried ice melted out. Extensive sands and gravels cap the succession and were deposited on a sandur during the later stages of deglaciation. 相似文献
15.
The glacial deposits at the Boyne Bay Limestone Quarry near Portsoy, a key Quaternary Site of Special Scientific Interest, comprise (i) a sandy, partly weathered diamicton (Craig of Boyne Till Formation, CBTF) resting on decomposed bedrock, (ii) a central, variably glaciotectonised assemblage of dark clay, diamicton and sand, with rafts of sand and weathered diamicton (Whitehills Glacigenic Formation, WGF), and (iii) an upper dark sandy diamicton (Old Hythe Till Formation, OHTF). The CBTF was probably derived from the west or southwest, and the WGF from seawards. Structures within the OHTF conform to deposition by east‐ or southeast‐moving ice from the Moray Firth, but some erratics indicate derivation from the south. The CBTF is believed to pre‐date the last (lpswichian) interglacial, but the WGF and OHTF both post‐date the early Middle Devensian, and are probably of Late Devensian age. It is proposed that the OHTF was deposited by ice from inland which was directed eastwards near the coast by a vigorous glacier in the Moray Firth, and that the complex, Late Devensian glacial history of the south coast of the Moray Firth as a whole is the result of the interplay of these two contemporary ice‐masses. British Geological Survey. © NERC 2000. 相似文献
16.
Different grain-size fractions of 12 lithologically defined and 2 non-defined Weichselian glacial stage diamicton units from Nordaustlandet, Svalbard were studied for their mineral magnetic properties. The applied measurements included magnetic susceptibility (χ), anhysteretic remanent magnetization (ARM), saturation isothermal remanent magnetization (SIRM), ‘backfield’ isothermal remanent magnetization (IRM) and several of their parametric ratios. The results indicated a poor correlation between the magnetic fingerprint of dry-sieved and wet-sieved diamicton samples. The dry-sieved samples had higher χ, ARM and SIRM values, suggesting a higher concentration of ferrimagnetic grains. This was probably because washing of the samples resulted in the loss of the most fine-grained ferrimagnetic material. Both sieving methods seem to be capable of discriminating different diamictons, but they cannot be used contemporaneously. The results only partially support previous findings of the chronostratigraphic correlation of diamictons. They indicate that in suitable conditions and within a limited area it is possible to discriminate (and group) glacigenic sequences based on the magnetic signature of their fine-grained fractions in the sample. For example and based on the mineral magnetic fingerprint, a diamicton unit that was described from the marine core (MUR 09/sor1/125–150) obtained from Isvika region most probably represents diamicton material that were derived from provenance areas related to the Middle Weichselian glacial stage. It was also noted that certain mineral magnetic parameters, such as SIRM/χ and SIRM/ARM ratio, had greater potential in discriminating diamicton units than others. 相似文献
17.
B. J. Cooper 《Australian Journal of Earth Sciences》2019,66(6):947-953
South Australia has the greatest utilisation of heritage or building stone in Australia because of its lack of timber resources. Consequently, natural stone was intensively used from the beginning of European colonisation. Building stones in South Australia, notable for their variety given the State’s diverse geology, can be challenging to designate as to their international importance. However, dimension stone in South Australia can also be designated as having national, regional, local or prospective importance. Commonly, stone in South Australia is restricted in use to a specific town, or even a single construction, and has only local significance except where use involves special stone characteristics, unusual stone masonry or use in a building with significant heritage. For instance, the town of Second Valley has a localised use of marble, likely the earliest use (1849) of this rock type in the State. Another example, ‘Adelaide Black Granite’, quarried since 1958, should probably be recognised internationally as a ‘Global Heritage Stone Resource’, as it has had intensive monumental use around Australia, utilisation as cladding in modern buildings, as well as paving and walling in Australia’s National Parliament in Canberra. It has also been exported, notably used for the Australian Embassy in Japan and for a major War Memorial at Le Hamel, France. South Australian slate quarries also provide significant heritage stone. For example, the Willunga Slate quarry south of Adelaide has been sourced for roofing slate and walling since 1840 and is arguably the longest continuous mining operation in Australia; this resource has obvious national significance given a period of quarrying extending to the present, coupled with national distribution of its products. Probably the most widespread stone sourced in South Australia is the surface limestone or calcrete, quarried in the Adelaide area until the 1850s and used for general construction. The stone continues to be used in rural areas. While arguably only of local significance, it could be considered to have national importance because of its extensive use in churches, public building, hotels, houses and simple walling across a vast area of South Australia. Additional research is needed to clarify the heritage status of many building stones used in South Australia. 相似文献
18.
Juha Pekka Lunkka 《第四纪科学杂志》1994,9(3):209-233
The most complete terrestrial sequence of Anglian (Elsterian) glacial sediments in western Europe was investigated in northeast Norfolk, England in order to reconstruct the evolution of the contemporary palaeoenvironments. Lithostratigraphically the glacial sediments in the northeast Norfolk coastal cliffs can be divided into the Northn Sea Drift and Lowestoft Till Formations. Three of the diamicton members of the North Sea Drift Formation (Happisburgh, Walcott and Cromer Diamictons) were deposited as lodgement and/or subglacial deformation till by grounded ice, but one, the Mundesley Diamicton, is waterlain and was deposited in an extensive glacial lake. Sands and fine sediments interbedded between the diamictons represent deltaic sands and glaciolacustrine sediments derived not solely from the melting ice in the north but also from extra-marginal rivers in the south. The Lowestoft Till Formation is not well preserved in the cliffs but includes lodgement till (Marly Drift till) and, most probably, associated meltwater deposits. Extensive glaciotectonism in the northern part of the area is shown to relate to oscillating ice that deposited the Cromer Diamicton and also partially to the ice sheet that deposited the Marly Drift till. It is suggested that during the Anglian Stage the present day northeast Norfolk coast was situated on the northwestern margin of an extensive glaciolacustrine basin. This basin was dammed by the Scandinavian ice sheet in the north and northeast. Because the grounding line of this ice sheet oscillated in space and time, part of the North Sea Drift diamictons were deposited directly by this ice. However, during ice retreat phases glaciolacustrine deposition comprised waterlain diamicton, sands and fines. When the Scandinavian ice sheet was situated in northernmost Norfolk, the British ice sheet (responsible for depositing the Marly Drift facies) entered the area from the west. This ice sheet partially deformed the North Sea Drift Formation sediments in the northern part of the area but not in the south, where the British ice sheet apparently terminated in water. The interplay of these two ice sheets on the northern and western margins of the glacial lake is thought to be the major determining factor for the accumulation of thick glacial deposits in this area during the Anglian glaciation. 相似文献
19.
Interglacial lake deposits at Tye Green, Stansted, resting on unweathered till and overlain by a weathered diamicton are correlated with the temperate Hoxnian Stage. The sediments represent the infilling of an isolated kettle-hole type of lake basin formed at the end of the cold Anglian Stage. Through the temperate period this basin was infilled by inorganic and organic sediments that record the development and decline of deciduous forest. Later periglacial conditions are indicated by the final infilling of the basin by reworked till. The sedimentary sequence and vegetational development recorded in the sediments at Tye Green are compared with other Hoxnian sites in eastern England. Changes in deposition rates are interpreted as representing water-table fluctuations resulting from changes in precipitation. The deposits at Tye Green provide a useful stratigraphical marker in the glacial sequence of the district. Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
20.
挤密碎石桩的材料是粒径较大的碎石,粒间粘结很小,其力学特性和其密度与侧压力有关,以往研究多作为弹性材料看待。利用大型三轴试验研究了碎石的变形特点,并根据试验结果总结了碎石的变形规律。在工程上常遇到的应变范围内,碎石三轴剪切试验的应力-应变关系可用双曲线拟合,体变曲线则接近于抛物线;单向压缩试验的轴向应力-应变符合幂函数曲线。徐－宿高速公路挤密碎石桩地基处理现场试验结果表明,经过碎石桩处理后的液化地基的液化势得到消除,该试验研究工作对类似工程有参考价值。 相似文献