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1.
Rainfall-induced landslides can cause loss of life and damage to property, infrastructure, and the environment. Rainfall patterns affect the pore-water pressure of unsaturated soil slopes, and are related to the slopes’ stability. Four rainfall patterns were chosen to represent natural rainfall patterns for an examination of rainfall infiltration into soil slopes using numerical models incorporating coupled water infiltration and deformation in unsaturated soils. Our analysis showed that rainfall patterns play a significant role in the distribution of the pore-water pressure in soil slopes, and influence the slope stability. The pore-water pressure profile of soil slopes and the factor of safety are affected by the ratio of rainfall intensity and the coefficient of permeability. The depth and shape of the shallow sliding plane of the landslide is closely related to the rainfall pattern; moreover, the results showed a correlation between the factor of safety of the slope and the rainfall intensity. This relationship can be described by a dimensionless rainfall intensity. The nonlinear relationship can be used to estimate the slope stability resulting from rainfall infiltration when the hydro-mechanical coupling in unsaturated soil slopes is considered. 相似文献
2.
山区城镇化的加速发展使得切坡、削坡现象普遍发生，导致城镇周边隐患斜坡的数量增加、规模增加，诱发隐患斜坡转变为滑坡的临界降雨强度降低，城镇财产损失风险大大提升。如何准确地对不同强度降雨条件下城镇财产损失的风险进行评价是亟待解决的前沿问题，本文以镇巴县兴隆镇为例，通过收集研究区多年降雨数据集，利用皮尔逊三型水文模型得到研究区不同重现期下的降雨强度，在此基础上结合野外斜坡调查资料、岩土体实验数据，采用蒙特-卡洛法计算得到城镇周边不稳定斜坡在不同降雨条件下的破坏概率，并对斜坡影响范围内的承灾体的易损性和财产价值进行评价，最终根据财产风险计算公式得到各斜坡在不同降雨工况下的财产损失风险值。风险计算结果表明:城镇内受不稳定斜坡威胁的房屋共245栋，占总房屋数量的30.4%，城镇房屋总价值约为5260.4万元，在天然、10年、20年、50年一遇降雨条件下年损失财产价值分别为22.8万元、69.73万元、122.5万元、150.5万元，其中超过55%的财产损失均是由1-2、2-6、3-5、4-3这4个边坡造成，并且在降雨强度递增时，这4个边坡对财产损失风险的贡献在逐步降低，占比分别为:88.33%、62.9%、58.64%以及57.54%，可见只要对这4个斜坡进行必要的防治即可大幅地缩减财产损失。 相似文献
3.
考虑前期降雨过程的边坡稳定性分析 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
基于三峡库区实测降雨资料,研究了不同初始条件对不同土体边坡稳定性影响,建议了能够反映边坡含水状态的初始条件选取方法。在此基础上,采用非饱和渗流分析方法研究了前期降雨对不同土体边坡稳定性影响,以典型的砂土和黏土边坡为例初步探索了前期降雨对边坡稳定性影响规律。结果表明：初始条件对不同土体边坡稳定性影响不同;建议将多年平均降雨量对应的稳态渗流场作为初始条件进行非饱和渗流分析。边坡土体渗透系数越低,边坡稳定性受前期降雨的影响越大、影响时间也越长。砂土和黏土边坡稳定性分析时建议至少考虑15 d以上的前期降雨,对于砂土边坡还应根据这15 d前面5 d的降雨情况确定是否需要增加计算天数。短历时高强度前期降雨对砂土边坡稳定性影响更大,而长历时低强度前期降雨对黏土边坡稳定性影响更大。累积前期降雨量可以作为判断边坡最小安全系数出现时刻的依据。砂土边坡出现最小安全系数时刻与10 d累积前期降雨量最大的时刻较为吻合,而黏土边坡则与15 d累积前期降雨量最大的时刻较为吻合。 相似文献
4.
传统降雨入渗分析是以降雨强度在坡面上的正交分量作为边界条件,不符合实际降雨的非正交入渗规律。为了研究非饱和粉质黏土的非正交入渗规律性,首先通过对正交入渗理论的综述,揭示并分析目前降雨入渗理论在坡面流模型和边界条件方面的缺陷。采用自行研制的室内降雨试验装置对非饱和粉质黏土进行不同降雨强度、坡角和孔隙比的降雨入渗试验,结果表明,非饱和粉质黏土坡面降雨入渗是并非简单正交分解入渗而是非正交入渗;对于坡角和孔隙比为定值的土坡,具有最大坡面入渗的最优雨强;土的孔隙比越小,降雨初期入渗率随时间变化越快,入渗率趋于稳定状态越快;入渗率和累积入渗量并不是随坡角的增大呈单调变化,而存在对应入渗水量最少的最优坡角。 相似文献
5.
降雨条件下土坡变形机制的离心模型试验研究 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
自行研制了离心场降雨模拟设备,进行了降雨条件下边坡的离心模型试验。试验模型在离心机中加载到50g,然后开始降雨。采用非接触位移测量系统测量了试验过程中边坡的位移场变化,通过T5张力计测量边坡中典型点的吸力变化。试验结果表明,边坡的位移随降雨量的增大逐渐发展,发生明显变形的区域也逐渐变大,主要集中在边坡表面。边坡某处应变迅速变化的时刻与土体含水率迅速增大的时刻相一致。边坡某点的应变随降雨量的增加不断增大,并存在2个拐点,形成湿润锋和稳定锋2个锋面,并把边坡分成3个区域,通过锋面的变化反映降雨条件下边坡的变形过程。 相似文献
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7.
R. K. Dubey J. A. Dar Gyan Prakash Satyam 《Journal of the Geological Society of India》2018,91(6):704-710
Slope stability has been identified as a major obstacle to construction in the rapidly developing countries of Indonesia and Malaysia. In these countries, slope failure has been identified as one of the most commonly occurring natural disasters, leading to financial losses and deaths. Slope failure is often related to prolonged rainfall events where rainfall infiltration increases pore water pressure, reducing soil strength. This failure mechanism will accelerate with the existence of cracks, which are usually caused by differential settling, drying and shrinking of soil, and associated construction activities, among other causes. The existence of cracks on slopes usually provides an easy pathway for rainfall infiltration into soil, allowing rain to infiltrate to deeper layers than in the absence of cracks. The moisture content in deep layers is therefore higher in cracked slopes than in slopes without cracks. To address this issue, we investigated the effects of cracks on slope stability when subjected to rainfall. The influence of crack location, depth, size, and direction on pore water pressure distribution and slope stability was studied by imposing different rainfall intensities. Analysis of seepage and stability were conducted using the GEO STUDIO 2007 softwares SEEP/W and SLOPE/W. Results suggested that pore water pressure and slope stability were influenced by the existence of cracks. Analysis showed that slope factors of safety decreased sharply when cracks were located adjacent to the slope crest, as compared to when cracks were located in the middle of the slope. Furthermore, slope factors of safety decreased with increasing crack depth. Pore water pressure and slope factors of safety decreased further when slopes were subjected to small rainfall intensities for long periods, as compared to when slopes were subjected to high rainfall intensities for short periods. The present study shows that study of cracks should be an integral part of the slope stability analysis. 相似文献
8.
东南沿海残积土地区降雨诱发型滑坡预报雨强-历时曲线的影响因素分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
东南沿海山地丘陵地区每年雨季期间有大量土质滑坡发生,如何对由降雨诱发的滑坡进行预报一直都是一个热点研究课题,雨强-历时曲线（简称I-D曲线）是目前国内外常用的降雨型滑坡预报的降雨量临界值曲线。针对东南沿海地区的浅层残积土滑坡,根据相关勘察数据及资料,概化得到了该类型边坡的地质剖面及岩土层性质,然后应用Geo-Studio软件分析了边坡初始湿润条件、土体抗剪强度、饱和渗透系数、边坡坡角、残坡积土层厚度及雨型等参数对I-D曲线的影响规律。分析结果表明：残坡积土抗剪强度参数、饱和渗透系数、边坡坡角、雨型等因素对I-D曲线的影响显著,边坡安全系数降至临界值所需降雨历时随抗剪强度参数值降低、表层残积土渗透系数增加或坡角增大而减少;当雨强较小时,初始湿润条件对I-D曲线的影响显著;当雨强大于残坡积土层饱和渗透系数时,入渗量主要由渗透系数控制,边坡安全系数降至临界值所需降雨历时不随雨强增大而变化。该研究结果为I-D曲线在东南沿海残积土地区降雨诱发滑坡预警预报中的应用奠定了基础。 相似文献
9.
尾矿库边坡稳定性多以单一安全系数为评价指标,难以反映外界条件变化的过程中尾矿库边坡稳定性演化的全过程特征。针对这一问题,提出尾矿库稳定性的时变分析方法,以安全系数时程曲线分析尾矿库边坡稳定性。以尾矿库工程实例为研究对象,建立时变分析模型进行数值模拟。研究在不同降雨入渗、库水位变动以及二者耦合条件下边坡安全系数随时间变化的规律。研究结果表明,不同强度的均匀降雨影响下,6 h以后安全系数下降速率大致相当,6 h以内雨强越大,安全系数下降越快。降雨雨型将影响安全系数变化轨迹,研究较为广泛的均匀雨型并不是最危险雨型。边坡安全系数变化滞后于库水位变动,滞后效应随水位上涨速度的减慢、下降速度的加快和涨幅的减少而减弱。耦合条件下尾矿库边坡安全系数减小将加剧。研究成果对尾矿库设计和运营具有重要意义。 相似文献
10.
为探明锥状工程堆积体坡面薄层水流剥蚀率与水力要素之间的关系, 室内模拟赣北红土区散乱锥状工程堆积体。通过人工降雨试验, 设计4种降雨强度(1.0~2.5mm/min)和3种砾石含量(10%~30%)完全组合。采用灰色关联度分析法, 评估坡面水力参数与土壤剥蚀率之间的关联度。结果表明:① 在试验条件下, 坡面水流功率与土壤剥蚀率呈幂函数关系;② 当堆积体砾石含量一定时, 以降雨强度为变量能反映堆积体坡面水力参数与土壤剥蚀率之间的关联度;③ 当降雨强度一定时, 大雨强下(≥1.5mm/min)堆积体砾石含量不宜作为灰色关联度分析的变量。综上所述, 水流功率是描述赣北红土区锥状工程堆积体侵蚀过程的最佳水力参数, 可用于建立堆积体侵蚀物理模型。 相似文献
11.
Diana Salciarini Claudio Tamagnini Pietro Conversini Silvia Rapinesi 《Natural Hazards》2012,61(1):229-245
The evaluation of the combined influence of rainfall patterns (in terms of mean intensity and duration) and the geomorphological
and mechanical characteristics of hillslopes on their stability conditions is a major goal in the assessment of the shallow
landslide triggering processes. Geographic Information Systems (GIS) represent an important tool to develop models that combine
hydrological and geomechanical analyses for the evaluation of slope stability, as they allow to combine information concerning
rainfall characteristics with topographic and mechanical properties of the slopes over wide areas. In this paper, a GIS-based
code is developed to determine physically based intensity/duration rainfall thresholds at the local scale. Given the rainfall
duration and the local geometric, hydrological and mechanical characteristics of the slopes, the code evaluates the spatial
distribution of the minimum rainfall intensity that triggers shallow landslides and debris flows over a given area. The key
feature of the code is the capability of evaluating the time t
p
required to reach the peak pore pressure head on the failure surface and computing the corresponding critical intensity/duration
thresholds based on post-event peak pore pressures. The reliability of the model is tested using a set of one-dimensional
analyses, comparing the physically based thresholds obtained for three different slopes with some empirical rainfall thresholds.
In a log–log scale, the thresholds provided by the model decrease linearly with increased rainfall duration and they are bracketed
by the empirical thresholds considered. Finally, an example of application to a study area of the Umbria region in central
Italy is presented, describing the capability of the model of providing site-specific thresholds for different rainfall scenarios. 相似文献
12.
In this study, two types of small-scale physical modeling tests have considered the impact of the infiltration of rainfall and groundwater level in order to investigate the processes involved in rock slope deformation and failure. The study conducted the physical tests under controlled conditions of groundwater level with rock block shape for two rock slope types (cataclinal and anaclinal slopes). Observations obtained during each stage of deformation and failure were used to explain how gravity deformation varies with groundwater conditions on cataclinal and anaclinal slopes, and infer how rainfall and groundwater influence slope failure. Our results indicate that groundwater level is a crucial factor in the deformation failure of slopes. The failure mechanisms of cataclinal slopes differ considerably from those of anaclinal slopes. The infiltration of surface water and groundwater can have a significant influence on rock layer deformation and the speed of failure. Different shapes of rock block have two toppling types of rock slope, the spherical rock model relatively close to flexural toppling type and the triangular rock model relatively similar to block flexural toppling type, respectively. Details of the failure characteristics of cataclinal and anaclinal slope models are discussed in this paper. 相似文献
13.
Kalyani Chatterjea 《Natural Hazards》2011,56(1):1-18
Tropical areas like Singapore characteristically receive heavy and prolonged periods of rainfall. During these wet spells,
many of the urban engineered slopes become susceptible to landslides, causing much damage to property and causing disruption
to urban life. Studies on relationships of wet periods and landslides events reveal that while the weathered materials on
urban engineered slopes tend to fail regularly in response to discrete, heavy rainstorm events, they are also closely associated
with long periods of antecedent rainfall conditions which often help to reduce the threshold value of discrete rainfall events.
Past records of slope failures and recent episodes of failures in Singapore are examined to re-assess this relationship. Study
found that there is indeed a close association between the two aspects of any rain event and co-occurrence of the two lead
to widespread slope failures. 相似文献
14.
地下水在引发边坡病害中的作用 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
人们普遍认为由于地下水的浸泡降低滑带土的抗剪强度值是导致边坡失稳的内部机制。文章以云南元磨公路边坡为实例，对其进行了探究，发现病害边坡主要滑带土的天然含水量与其剪切试验所得的内聚力和内摩擦角之间并没有明显的线性关系。于是，文章采用极限平衡方程从理论上论述了地下水在边坡失稳过程中的力学作用，并对比边坡开挖前后入渗系数值的变化幅度，揭示出工程活动与降雨共同对边坡破坏的作用机制。 相似文献
15.
降雨诱发黄土边坡失稳具有严重的破坏性。为了研究强降雨条件下黄土陡坡的开裂特性,在陕北吴起开展了黄土陡坡现场人工模拟中雨和大雨试验,分析了坡体含水率及土压力响应,总结了边坡开裂特征、开裂模式及土工布隔离槽的工程效应。研究结果表明：24 h中雨条件下黄土陡坡含水率和土压力上升幅度有限,而144 h大雨条件下边坡表层形成较大厚度的临近饱和区且表层土压力增长明显;144 h大雨条件下黄土陡坡的破坏顺序为坡顶开裂—坡面鼓胀—局部滑动贯通,并且坡顶开裂具有易发性和先导性;边坡破坏模式为自坡顶至坡面的贯通浅层破坏。 相似文献
16.
Charles W. W. Ng Sarah M. Springman Eduardo E. Alonso 《Geotechnical and Geological Engineering》2008,26(6):799-816
Field monitoring is necessary for the geotechnical engineer to verify design assumptions. More importantly, the field data
may also be assembled into a comprehensive case record that is available for use when checking validity of any analytical
and numerical models. The ongoing process of back-analysis in unsaturated soil engineering can help to refine and improve
our understanding, providing guidance for future designs, where the effects of soil suction and hydraulic hysteresis are still
being explored. A range of recent field studies of the mechanisms of rainfall infiltration into slopes is presented. In addition,
some physical simulations of unsaturated soil slopes subjected to rainfall, rising ground water table and changes of moisture
in centrifuge model tests are reported. 相似文献
17.
Spatial variations in the relationship between topography and mean annual and seasonal rainfalls in southwestern Saudi Arabia are examined using Kruskal–Wallis one-way analysis of variance. The topographic factors include physiographic features (topography), altitude, slope, proximity to a ridge or crest of mountains, and proximity to the Red Sea. There is a statistically significant effect of topographic factors on the mean annual rainfall, but the results are more significant for the mean seasonal rainfall. The largest amount of mean rainfall in the study area occurs during spring, when rainfall displays a significant relationship with topographic factors, in which more orographic rainfall patterns are associated with higher altitude, greater proximity to a ridge and steeper slopes. Higher altitudes do not necessarily receive more rain; some low altitude locations (i.e., the southern part of the study area) receive more rain during summer and fall because they are located on the windward side of the Asir Mountains and are exposed to the moist air masses brought by the southwest monsoonal system in summer and by the northwest air flow from the Mediterranean and Red Sea in the fall in addition to local convective rainfall patterns. Rainfall in winter increases in the foothills of the Asir Mountains above the coastal plain of the Red Sea. The steep western slopes (windward side) receive more rainfall than the gentle eastern slopes (leeward side): this may be due to the Asir Mountains forcing moist air masses carried by the westerly and northwest winds to rise and cool before they descend and warm on the leeward side. 相似文献
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为探明降雨条件下沙黄土坡面水流水动力学特性,以流体力学和泥沙运动力学理论为依据,通过5个坡度和5个雨强组合条件下室内模拟降雨试验,系统研究了坡面水流水力参数的变化规律。结果表明,降雨条件下坡面薄层水流雷诺数均小于580,处于层流失稳区;水流流型随雨强和坡度的变化而发生转捩,当坡度较缓、雨强较小时,床面形态处于低能态区和过渡区,床面出现沙纹现象,水流宏观上呈缓流,反之,坡度较陡、雨强较大时,床面由沙纹和沙垄向动平床过渡,宏观上多呈急流;并根据薄层水流阻力组成特点,推导出沙黄土坡面薄层水流阻力计算公式。验证结果表明,该式误差较小,可为坡面侵蚀预报模型的构建提供参考。 相似文献
20.
本文以云南省蒙自市断陷盆地高原面上典型封闭式岩溶洼地小流域为研究对象,研究小降雨事件对土壤水分及植物水势的影响。结果表明:（1）在研究区内小降雨事件一般只能补给10 cm以上的土壤,因此在旱季（强降雨事件发生前）,土壤水分随着深度的增加整体呈变小的趋势;受洼地地形影响,整个土壤剖面（0 ~ 80 cm）的土壤水分存在从坡顶到洼地底部逐渐增加,苹果树叶水势逐渐升高的现象;受地质背景的影响,土石质坡地平均土壤水分比石质坡地土壤水分高2.67%,相对应的土石质坡地苹果树受干旱胁迫的程度要低于石质坡地。（2）通过观测对比发现,8天内12次的小降雨事件可以使0~10 cm土壤水分整体上略有升高,但并未能完全改变0~10 cm土壤水分洼地底部大于两侧坡地,而土石质坡地高于石质坡地的特征。（3）小降雨事件虽然只能补给0~10 cm的土壤水分,但由于坡地地区苹果树根系分布较浅（5~30 cm）,部分浅层分布的苹果树根系已能吸收到水分,另一方面小降雨事件具有降温、增湿,减少太阳辐射的作用,可以减小苹果树蒸腾作用,从而降低苹果树叶水势,因此推测小雨事件可以明显减轻苹果树受干旱胁迫的程度 相似文献