共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 546 毫秒
1.
杨宗让 《沉积与特提斯地质》2002,22(3):53-59
地处柴南缘昆中蛇绿杂岩带与羌塘地块北缘可可西里—金沙江古缝合线之间的松潘—甘孜褶皱带(包括东昆仑构造带)，其主体应属古特提斯洋晚石炭世一晚三叠世时期向其北侧的柴达木古陆南缘俯冲过程中在活动陆缘弧—沟间隙之间增生形成的一个大型弧前构造带。具有由弧前盆地沉积楔和基底增生杂岩构成的双重结构特点，其形成与冈瓦纳大陆北缘若尔盖“三角”地块的楔入及俯冲带向南迁移有关。大致经历了晚石炭世一早三叠世狭窄弧前盆地和中晚三叠世宽阔弧前盆地两个主要演化阶段。 相似文献
2.
塔里木盆地西南缘山前带逆冲推覆构造特征 总被引：14，自引：0，他引：14
塔里木盆地西南缘山前带是西昆仑逆冲推覆构造在前陆形成的冲断带,主要由断层相关褶皱、双重构造、叠瓦状构造、三角带等构造组成。通过地表构造剖面、地震与非震资料的综合解释与研究,结合平衡剖面的正演方法,对该冲断带进行了几何学、运动学与动力学研究,对冲断带断层的扩展方式以及冲断时代进行了讨论。研究认为塔西南逆冲推覆构造具有"南北分带、东西分段以及垂向结构变异"的特点。自南向北分为逆冲推覆的根带、中带、锋带和反冲断裂带,由西向东可以划分为帕米尔弧形构造段、齐姆根弧形构造段、甫沙-克里阳三角带构造段与和田南逆冲推覆体构造段。冲断带在垂向结构上由三套区域性滑脱层划分为浅构造层次的外来系统断坡背斜、中构造层次的准原地系统双重构造、三角带构造以及深构造层次的原地系统弱变形带三层结构。冲断席内断层的扩展方式为前展式,而不同冲断席间则为后展式模式。冲断带自中新世中期开始形成,中新世末发生位移推覆,上新世—早更新世定型,中更新世—全新世隆升均衡调整。 相似文献
3.
To model the cracking behaviour of brittle materials, different existing methods for treating the fracture zone can be used. The inner softening band (ISB) approach belongs to those methods which introduce a displacement discontinuity in which a constitutive relationship between opening displacements and tractions is assumed. This group of methods avoids difficulties in the localization zone caused by ambiguous definitions of strain measures and fracture zone widths. Whichever method is used, it is important that the proper amount of energy is dissipated. This is achieved automatically in ISB without the introduction of any extra material parameters other than the elastic constants and those describing the softening curve. Variations in mesh sizes and arrangements have shown no great influence on the total response, and the crack pattern is a part of the solution in contrast to most other methods in which it must be presumed. The concept is simple and inner softening bands have been successfully implemented within triangular three-node elements and preliminary within six-node triangular elements. The results obtained so far from various kinds of tests have shown very good performance and further development is planned. 相似文献
4.
5.
地震断层错动会引起上覆土层变形,从而造成断层附近的建筑结构、管线产生附加的变形和内力引起破坏。通过一个土工离心机试验分析上覆饱和黏土层在4步连续断层错动作用下的静力响应行为。着重分析断层错动引起的地层变形的范围、不均匀沉降区的分布特点、剪切裂缝在土层传播路径及地表开裂的位置等工程上重点关注的问题。得到以下几点认识：(1) 基岩断层错动引起的地层变形范围基本上不受基岩错动量大小的影响。(2) 断层错动引起地层的不均匀沉降区基本呈三角形分布,其地表宽度约为1倍左右的土层厚度。(3) 基岩错动引起的主剪切裂缝基本沿竖直方向向上传播,其传播距离取决于基岩错动量及土体的破坏应变。(4) 基岩断层错动在主剪区的下盘一侧边缘会产生张拉裂缝,且产生张拉裂缝所需基岩错动量远小于产生剪切裂缝所需的错动量。 相似文献
6.
7.
松潘-甘孜地块的基底构造性质对于探讨青藏高原的形成至关重要,备受国内外学者的关注。然而,由于松潘-甘孜地块被广泛分布的三叠纪复理石沉积所覆盖,关于松潘-甘孜地块基底属性的研究并不多见,它属于洋壳还是陆壳,至今仍在争论之中。本文利用跨越松潘-甘孜地块的深地震反射剖面、深地震测深剖面、区域航磁异常和花岗岩同位素地球化学等资料,通过综合分析研究其地球物理与地球化学特征,发现松潘-甘孜地块的下地壳存在元古代变质基底,该基底具有亲扬子地块的性质。 相似文献
8.
Overburden soil beds situated above a fault are often deformed by propagation of bedrock thrusting from the fault during large earthquake. The deformed beds formed a triangular shear zone. This coseismic faulting often causes damage to underground tunnels located in the shear zone. The present research studies the deformation behavior of the overburden soil beds and the tunnel, the associated mechanism and the impact on the safety of tunnel linings induced by a large blind thrust slip. Based on sandbox experimental and numerical studies, it is found that results from numerical analysis are in agreement with the sandbox model tests with regard to growths of the shear zones within the soil beds, location of the tunnel in this shear zone and deformations of the tunnel. The potential major shear zone may be bent or bifurcated into two sub-shear zones owing to existence of a tunnel inside the shear zone. Furthermore, the occurrence of back-thrust faulting will threaten the safety of nearby structures. It was also identified that stiffness of the soil and the fault dip angles are among the major factors controlling the configuration of shear zones, the stresses within the soil, and the loads on tunnel linings. Based on the identified mechanisms, the strategies for hazard prevention are accordingly suggested and discussed. 相似文献
9.
黄河三角洲滨海区沉积物的分异特征与规律 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
根据2000年79月黄河三角洲滨海区表层沉积物的分析结果,运用F lem ing的三角图式对沉积环境进行划分,并在此基础上结合沉积物结构、地形和水动力条件,探讨了沉积物的分布规律及其作用机制。结果表明:研究区域可划分为废弃三角洲滨海区、现行河口区和莱州湾滨海区三个沉积环境。对于废弃三角洲沉积区,在早期废弃的湾湾沟海区风浪作用为主,沉积物普遍较粗,抗冲能力较强;废弃不久的飞雁滩海区在波流联合作用下,沉积物粒径由岸向海变细,大致在-5-6m水深处存在一明显的界限,该水深以浅砂含量较高;而该水深以深以粉砂和粘土为主,砂含量较低。现行河口区,由于沙嘴前方强潮流带的作用,沉积物粒径由岸向海表现为粗—细—粗的演变趋势。在莱州湾海区,由于潮流场的影响,以广利河河口为界,以北粒径较细,而以南则较粗。 相似文献
10.
Umesh Chandra 《Tectonophysics》1984,105(1-4)
Several lines of evidences, which include change in trend and offset in arcs, bathymetry and sedimentation, faulting in the region, change in composition and trend of the line of volcanoes, spatial distribution of earthquakes and change in dip of the Benioff zone, suggest a tectonic segmentation of the Burmese-Indonesian Arc. Two transverse boundary zones, viz., the North Andaman Boundary Zone and the Sunda Boundary Zone separating segments of the arc are identified. Larger than usual thickness of the oceanic crust beneath the Ninetyeast Ridge reduces the average density of the lithosphere carrying the ridge. The buoyancy effect caused by the reduced average density inhibits the subduction of an approximately triangular shaped lithosphere between the Burmese-Indonesian Arc and the Ninetyeast Ridge, which in turn causes tectonic segmentation along the arc. The model predicts and some available focal mechanism solutions confirm left lateral northeast faulting within the Sunda Boundary Zone. 相似文献
11.
GU Shangyi WAN Guojiang MAO Jianquan 《中国地球化学学报》2007,26(4):434-438
The Pinxiang weathering profile is well developed on Early Triassic dacite lavas of the Baisi Formation. At the top of the profile is developed a red clay zone which is characterized mineralogically by kaolinite, iron oxide minerals, quartz, and a small amount of illite, montmorillonite and vermiculite. In going downwards the red clay zone gives way to a saprolite zone in which plagioclase pseudomorphs have been well preserved although replaced by kaolinite. Beneath the saprolite zone is the saprock zone characterized by less weathering for dacite. At the bottom of the weathering profile is the parent material, dacite, which is composed mainly of plagioclase, quartz, K-feldspar and biotite which have been largely altered into chlorite owing to submarine extrusion of dacite lavas. Some layers in the weathering profile show obvious sodium enrichment and potassium depletion relative to others. In the Al2O3-(CaO* Na2O)-K2O triangular diagram, the weathering trends of these layers in the middle stage are remarkably deviated from normal ones. Both mineralogy and micro-morphology of these layers indicate such deviation resulted from sodic metasomatism of orthoclase. 相似文献
12.
柴达木盆地西北部红三旱地区始新世-渐新世砂岩物源分析 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：3
柴达木盆地西部红三旱一号三高点上、下干柴沟组砂岩的骨架矿物成分的模式分析显示,始新统—渐新统砂岩的源区主要为再旋回造山带。根据古水流推断物源区主要为阿尔金山。结合上、下干柴沟组砂岩成分模式分析的标准偏差对比和骨架矿物成分平均含量的变化特征,认为渐新世时(上干柴沟组)阿尔金山存在一期隆升事件。 相似文献
13.
14.
本文针对数值模拟中三角形有限元网格的具体要求，对经典的Bowyer-watson算法作了局部改进，利用具有岛屿约束的Delaunay剖分方法来构建三角形网格，使其适用于有岛屿、关键点和特征线约束的区域剖分的要求。此方法在（苏州，无锡，常州）以下简称苏锡常地区地下水流数值模拟中得到了应用，结果表明此方法自动生成带岛屿约束的三角形网格是可行的。 相似文献
15.
为了加强对桩承式路堤中土拱效应的理解,采用有限元方法对不同桩间距、填土高度和内摩擦角的情况进行了参数敏感性分析。计算结果表明,对于填土高度与桩净间距之比H/(s-a)≤1的低路堤,填土中的破坏面为通过桩边缘的竖直面;而对于H/(s-a)≥1.5的高路堤的情况,最终填土中将发展成类似经典地基承载力理论中的由弹性楔体、径向剪切区和被动破坏区组成的区域。基于有限元得到的破坏模式,建立了土拱效应的二维简化分析方法,并与有限元和文献收集得到的试验数据进行了比较。结果表明,由于采用了合适的破坏面假设,简化方法的计算结果可靠合理。 相似文献
16.
东川播卡金矿,位于金沙江与小江夹持的三角成矿带上,为昆阳群中迄今发现的唯一独立大型金矿。矿区出露中元古界昆阳群浅变质岩系。结合近年来勘探成果,收集矿石品位进行统计学研究,探讨品位与矿化关系。 相似文献
17.
《Geomechanics and Geoengineering》2013,8(4):267-275
Pseudo-static approach is adopted in this paper to determine the seismic uplift capacity of an inclined strip anchor using upper bound limit analysis. Two different failure mechanisms are considered to obtain the magnitudes of unit weight component of uplift factor fγE for different values of soil friction angle, interface friction of anchor plate, anchor inclination, embedment ratio and horizontal seismic acceleration coefficient. The failure mechanism 1 consists of a triangular and quadrilateral rigid blocks; whereas the failure mechanism 2 comprises a logarithmic spiral failure zone with varied focus, sandwiched between a triangular and quadrilateral rigid blocks. It is observed that the magnitude of uplift factor fγE decreases significantly with the increase in seismic acceleration but increases with the increase in embedment ratio and roughness of the anchor surface. However, a mixed trend in the values of fγE can be observed for different inclination of the anchor, which is clearly discussed in this paper. The results are compared with the existing values in the literature and the significance of the present methodology for designing the inclined strip anchor is discussed. 相似文献
18.
Basement-involved structures associated with reverse, vertical and normal faults commonly involve non-parallel shear within a triangular deformation (trishear) zone located on the front limbs of the structures. Deformation within the trishear zone is characterized by shear gradients and an associated decrease in the dips of the beds in stratigraphically higher units. Geometric models suggest that the layer-parallel strain within the trishear zone depends on the type of fault (normal, reverse, or vertical), the dip and throw of the fault, the dip of the anticlinal or synclinal axial surfaces, and the distance of any unit above the initial tip of the trishear zone, located at the basement-sediment contact. At any given location, reverse faults typically show increasing layer parallel shortening, followed by decreasing layer parallel shortening and a transition to extension, with increasing throw. The transition from contraction to extension occurs at lower values of throw for stratigraphically lower units and also for faults with smaller dips. Vertical and normal faults exhibit increasing layer-parallel extension of all units with increasing throw, with larger extension for stratigraphically lower units. Experimental models suggest that the trishear zone can expand with increasing fault throw. The strain within the trishear zones is accommodated largely by secondary faults, which are rotated with progressive deformation. The strain variations in the experiments closely mimic those predicted by the geometric models for reverse, vertical, and normal faults. 相似文献
19.
贝加尔裂谷带是全球典型的大陆裂谷带之一,新构造运动强烈。滨奥里洪地区是贝加尔裂谷带断裂发育最完好的地区。位于滨奥里洪中部的萨尔玛河谷和奥里洪门新构造运动非常强烈,萨尔玛河谷在地形上呈规则的折线状,而奥里洪门发育有两侧对称的湖湾。沿萨尔玛河谷发育有一组X型节理,而奥里洪门两侧发育有完好的断层三角面山,因此,萨尔玛河谷和奥里洪门可能是在早期追踪张裂的基础上发育起来的。滨奥里洪地区还发育有一系列NE和NW走向的次级断裂,它们的发育受滨海断裂铲式枢纽断层特征的控制。分析这些次级断裂的特征和性质,提出了与它们发育有关的三种作用力:①枢纽断层造成的NE-SW向局部拉张;②铲式断层的旋转效应产生反向滑动;③铲式断层的不均匀旋转产生剪切效应,并在此基础上对滨奥里洪地区的新构造运动过程作了概括和总结。 相似文献
20.
Seismicity of Sinai Peninsula, Egypt 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
Kamal Abdel-Rahman Abdullah M. S. Al-Amri Enayat Abdel-Moneim 《Arabian Journal of Geosciences》2009,2(2):103-118
The Sinai Peninsula has a triangular shape between the African and Arabian Plates and is bounded from the western and eastern borders by the Gulf of Suez and Gulf of Aqaba–Dead Sea rift systems, respectively. It is affected by strong and destructive earthquakes (e.g., March 31, 1969 and November 22, 1995) and moderate earthquakes (m b?>?5) throughout its history. After the installation of the Egyptian National Seismic Network (ENSN), a great number of earthquakes has been recorded within and around Sinai. Consequently, the seismogenic source zones and seismotectonic behavior can be clearly identified. Available data, including both historical and instrumental (1900–1997), have been collected from national and international data centers. While the data from 1998 till December 2007 are gathered from ENSN bulletins. The seismogenic source zones that might affect Sinai Peninsula are defined more precisely in this work depending on the distribution of earthquakes, seismicity rate (a value), b value, and fault plane solution of the major earthquakes. In addition, the type of faults prevailed and characterized these zones. It is concluded that the Gulf of Aqaba zone–Dead Sea transform zone, Gulf of Suez rift zone, Cairo–Suez District zone, and Eastern Mediterranean dislocation zone represent the major effective zones for Sinai. Furthermore, there are two local seismic zones passing through Sinai contributing to the earthquake activities of Sinai, these are the Negev shear zone and Central Sinai fault (Themed fault) zone. The source parameters, a and b values, and the maximum expected moment magnitude have been determined for each of these zones. These results will contribute to a great extent in the seismic hazard assessment and risk mitigation studies for Sinai Peninsula to protect the developmental projects. 相似文献