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1.
考虑主应力轴旋转的基坑开挖应力路径研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
首先对应力路径的概念进行丰富和扩展,提出考虑主应力轴旋转的三维应力路径,然后采用数值方法,对基坑开挖过程中的应力路径进行了深入分析,研究了基坑内外各种应力路径及其规律,结果表明：开挖过程中无论横向还是竖向,应力路径都表现出卸荷特性,且坑内卸荷量大于坑外卸荷量,使得坑内应力变化及主应力轴旋转较坑外大;随着离基坑中心距离的增大,坑内应力变化减小,主应力轴旋转趋缓;开挖过程对坑外应力变化及主应力轴旋转的影响随离围护墙距离的增大而减小。坑内应力路径总体表现为平均压应力p减小,广义剪应力q减小,主应力轴偏转角? 增大;坑外应力路径总体表现为p减小,q增大,? 增大。最后归纳出基坑开挖过程中坑内与坑外的典型应力路径,以指导基坑工程实践设计分析和室内试验模拟。 相似文献
2.
Emmanuel J. M. Carranza 《Resource Geology》2011,61(1):30-51
This paper proposes that the spatial pattern of known prospects of the deposit‐type sought is the key to link predictive mapping of mineral prospectivity (PMMP) and quantitative mineral resource assessment (QMRA). This proposition is demonstrated by PMMP for hydrothermal Au‐Cu deposits (HACD) and by estimating the number of undiscovered prospects for HACD in Catanduanes Island (Philippines). The results of analyses of the spatial pattern of known prospects of HACD and their spatial associations with geological features are consistent with existing knowledge of geological controls on hydrothermal Au‐Cu mineralization in the island and elsewhere, and are used to define spatial recognition criteria of regional‐scale prospectivity for HACD. Integration of layers of evidence representing the spatial recognition criteria of prospectivity via application of data‐driven evidential belief functions results in a map of prospective areas occupying 20% of the island with fitting‐ and prediction‐rates of 76% and 70%, respectively. The predictive map of prospective areas and a proxy measure for degrees of exploration based on the spatial pattern of known prospects of HACD were used in one‐level prediction of undiscovered mineral endowment, which yielded estimates of 79 to 112 undiscovered prospects of HACD. Application of radial‐density fractal analysis of the spatial pattern of known prospects of HACD results in an estimate of 113 undiscovered prospects of HACD. Thus, the results of the study support the proposition that PMMP can be a part of QMRA if the spatial pattern of discovered prospects of the deposit‐type sought is considered in both PMMP and QMRA. 相似文献
3.
基于综合变异系数的地基承载力可靠性分析 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
采用一次二阶矩法,考虑岩土参量变异系数的试验及历史数据,提出了基于综合变异系数的地基承载力简化可靠性与风险分析方法。利用提出的简化可靠性与风险分析方法,可在传统确定性分析的基础上,采用合理的变异系数,分别得到与地基承载力有关的可靠度、破坏概率和平均期望损失的最可能值及其变化范围,为提出优化的地基基础设计方案和工程决策奠定基础;相对于土重度和黏聚力,地基承载力可靠度对于内摩擦角的变化更加敏感;设计时可以综合考虑所需的安全系数、可靠度和破坏概率,确定合适的基础宽度或基底面积。当地基土的场地勘察统计结果的变异系数权重逐渐增加时,综合变异系数不断减小,其相应的地基承载力的可靠度逐渐增加,而相应的破坏概率逐渐减少。 相似文献
4.
Comparative tectonic analysis of passive margins of the Atlantic Ocean has been performed. Tectonotypes of both volcanic and nonvolcanic margins are described, and their comparison with other passive Atlantic margins is given. The structural features of margins, peculiarities of magmatism, its sources and reasons for geochemical enrichment of melts are discussed. The important role of melting of the continental lithosphere in the development of magmatism is demonstrated. Enriched EM I and EM II sources are determined for the lower parts of the volcanic section, and a depleted or poorly enriched source is determined for the upper parts of the volcanic section based on isotope data. The conclusions of the paper relate to tectonic settings of the initial occurrence of magmatism and rifting and breakup during the period of opening of the Mesozoic Ocean. It was found out that breakup and magmatism at proximal margins led only to insignificant structural transformations and reduction of the thickness of the ancient continental crust, while very important magmatic events happened later in the distal zone. New growth of magmatic crust at the stage of continental breakup is determined as a typical feature of distal zones of the margins under study. The relationship of development of margins with the impact of deep plumes as the source of magmatic material or a heat source only is discussed. Progradation of the zone of extension and breakup into the areas of cold lithosphere of the Atlantic and the formation of a single tectonomagmatic system of the ocean are under consideration. 相似文献
5.
东昆仑造山带海西—印支期东昆南前陆盆地构造岩相古地理 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
地层相态的恢复对于研究非史密斯地层区沉积盆地的演化过程有着非常重要的意义。在1∶ 2 5万野外地质填图基础上作出了东昆仑造山带东段东昆南前陆盆地晚二叠世至中三叠世构造岩相古地理图 ,该系列图揭示了东昆南前陆盆地在 5个发展阶段中的岩相分布特征和空间上的古地理展布范围 ,即晚二叠世早期东昆南前陆盆地发育的初始阶段、晚二叠世晚期前陆盆地的扩展至短期萎缩阶段、早三叠世早期前陆盆地的再次扩展阶段、早三叠世晚期盆地发育的高峰阶段和中二叠世前陆盆地的萎缩至消亡阶段。东昆南前陆盆地的演化过程在一定程度上反映了构造对沉积的控制作用 相似文献
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鲁北济阳坳陷沾化凹陷东部潜山的发育及油气成藏控制因素 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
通过对沾化凹陷东部主要断裂发育演化的特征和主要地震测线的平衡剖面、伸展率分析,对该地区潜山发育过程及其与盆地演化的关系进行了研究,并就潜山油气成藏的控制因素进行了分析.结果表明,沾化凹陷东部潜山发育可以划分为早-中三叠世、晚三叠世、早-中侏罗世的潜山发育前期,晚侏罗世-白垩纪的潜山发育期,古近纪的潜山改造、定型期和新近纪-第四纪的潜山成藏期,断裂活动是本区潜山形成演化的主控因素.沾化凹陷东部潜山油气成藏主要受控于该区中、新生代盆地的叠合关系,中生代凸起和古近纪凹陷的叠合部位是最有利的潜山油气成藏区,中生代凸起和古近纪凸起的叠合部位不利于潜山成藏,往往形成潜山披覆背斜油气藏. 相似文献
8.
Academician E. Lehmann em. Dr. Dr. eh. 《GeoJournal》1984,8(1):91-96
Emphasis is laid on the characterization of national atlases as exact means of information and communication which are visually easy to handle. Besides a true-to-scale location of the features of particular objects and groups of objects national atlases offer the opportunity of obtaining starting points for the registration of spatial structures and functions by means of analysing the positional interconnections of these objects and groups of objects, without anticipating causal connections. The static of the maps, which is often considered as a negative characteristics of national atlases, increases the value and efficacy of this category of atlases instead of decreasing them.The author discusses opposed points of view by explaining, furthermore, the special kind of preparing the material, the primary of the contents anylysis, which has to go hand in hand with the autonomy of cartographical forms of representation from the beginning of the drafting process. The analyses of the basic material are not carried out with special aims, as, for instance, in the case of planning atlases, but under the aspect of a generally interesting characterization of a particular spatial sector, which is limited by national frontiers, for heterogeneous circles of users. 相似文献
9.
植被覆盖与沙尘暴日数分布关系的探讨——-以内蒙古中西部地区为例 总被引：46，自引：4，他引：46
利用NOAA/AVHRR的NDVI数据和地面气象观测数据，以植被覆盖率和年沙尘暴日数为指标，分析了内蒙古中西部地区植被覆盖与沙尘暴分布的关系。研究结果表明，在内蒙古中西部地区，80年代沙尘暴日数的正距平与植被覆盖率的负距平、90年代沙尘暴日数的负距平与植被覆盖率的正距平是相互对应的；沙尘暴日数与植被覆盖率之间呈现负的相关关系，这种相关关系在不同地貌类型区和不同季节有所差异；沙地区的夏季（7、8、9月平均）植被覆盖率与第 2年沙尘暴日数之间的负相关最为显著。 相似文献
10.
杨永华 《吉林大学学报(地球科学版)》1988,(1)
本文研究在矿产资源评价中适用于不同条件的,特征分析模型的构造原则和方法:建立一般特征分析模型的最大标度准则;变量权和样品关联度的不同算法和解释;基于不同相似性度量标准的矿床模型及建立广义矿化模型的方法;构造多维特征分析模型和进行定量资源评价的可能性。 相似文献
11.
Modulus of subgrade reaction is one of the required design parameters in any structural analyses of shallow foundations. However, the constant values of modulus of subgrade reaction that are determined from either from literature studies or the results of plate load tests, regardless of magnitude of soil’s displacement under design loads, have been used in structural designs of foundations. In this study, the results of 43 published full-scale field plate load tests in cohesionles soils were gathered to expose any variation in the values of modulus of subgrade reaction as soil’s displacement increases. Extensive finite element (FE) analyses were carried out while the results of FE analyses were compared with actual measured results of field load tests. The results of analyses indicated that both the modulus of subgrade reaction decrease with increase in magnitude of displacement of soils and internal forces of a design of structural frame is higher with the values of modulus of subgrade reaction that are sensitive to soil’s displacement are implemented into analyses. Therefore, structural dimensions of any structure with the constant values of modulus of subgrade reaction would not be a precise engineering solution. 相似文献
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E. B. Sal’nikova A. B. Kotov V. P. Kovach S. D. Velikoslavinskii B. -M. Jahn A. A. Sorokin A. P. Sorokin K. -L. Wang S. -L. Chan H. -Ya. Li E. V. Tolmacheva 《Doklady Earth Sciences》2013,453(2):1181-1184
U-Pb (LA-ICPMS) geochronological studies established the minimum age of detrital zircons from metasedimentary rocks of the Uril Formation of the Amur Group of ～240 Ma, which approximately corresponds to the lower age boundary of formation of their protoliths. The upper boundary of accumulation of sedimentary rocks of this formation is governed by the age of superimposed structural-metamorphic transformations (220–210 Ma). It follows that the age of protoliths of metasedimentary rocks of the Uril Formation is Triassic in contrast to the previously suggested Early Precambrian age. At the same time, previous estimations of the Nd model age of metasedimentary rocks of the Tulovchikha Formation of the Amur Group and intruding gabbroic rocks are 1.7 and 0.5 Ga, respectively. In other words, the age of this formation is 1.7–0.5 Ga. All of this indicates a combination of sedimentary and volcanic rocks of different ages in the section of the Amur Group. Judging from the Lu-Hf isotopic-geochemical studies of zircons, the major sources of protoliths for metasedimentary rocks of the Uril Formation are Neoproterozoic igneous rocks and also Early and Late Paleozoic and Early Mesozoic igneous rocks, the formation of which was related to the reworking of the Neo- and Mesoproterozoic continental crust. 相似文献
14.
V. G. Voroshilov 《Geology of Ore Deposits》2009,51(1):1-16
The results of the study of anomalous structures of geochemical fields (ASGF) accompanying hydrothermal gold deposits are considered. A model of the formation of such structures in the course of development of hydrothermal ore-metasomatic systems is proposed. The existing methods of detection and geometrization of ASGF are evaluated. The elaborated technique of the study of anomalous geochemical fields is based on standardized unbiased indexes assigned to detection and geometrization of anomalous structures. A classification of ASGF at hydrothermal gold deposits has been developed. General features due to the universal mechanism of functioning of hydrothermal systems and specific features related to the localization and metallogenic specialization of particular kinds of ore mineralization are identified for the studied geological and economic types of gold deposits. The elaborated technique of quantitative characterization of ASGF parameters comprises the geometrization of anomalous structures, calculation of the coefficient of ordering, and computation of the productivities of standardized indexes of zoning. The established regular variation of quantitative parameters of ASGF with depth may be applied to the estimation of the erosion level of ore-bearing structural units in ore fields and deposits. 相似文献
15.
V. M. Danilov 《Astronomy Reports》2011,55(6):473-486
The kinematics of stars in open-cluster models are investigated. The central regions of these model clusters are fairly “cool,
” leading to gravitational instability in the cluster cores. A temporary virilization is observed in the model clusters, during
which an appreciable fraction of the fluctuation energy of the cluster is temporarily transformed into the kinetic energy
of the peculiar motions of stars. The duration of this stage can reach ∼108 yr. The origins of this temporary virialization of the model clusters are discussed. The instability of the intrinsic fluctuations
of the phase density in the centers of six clusters and model clusters is investigated. Several new regions of unstable phase-density
fluctuations are found, in addition to those already known. The observed and model clusters can move toward a stable equilibrium
state when the density of the cluster core both decreases and increases. The structure of regions of instability of the phase-density
fluctuations in the centers of the six clusters is studied. Resonance curves for the amplitudes of steady-state phase-density
fluctuations in the center of NGC 6705 are constructed. Analysis of the structure of the regions of instability indicates
an appreciable rate of fluctuation-energy loss due to relaxation effects. The instability increments and widths of regions
of instability fall off with increasing distance of the cluster from the Galactic center. An important role in the formation
of regions of instability may be played by resonances between the frequency of the orbital motion of the cluster in the Galaxy
and the frequencies of intrinsic phase-density fluctuations in the centers of the clusters considered. 相似文献
16.
The paper reports the results of Pb isotope study of several gold deposits of the Russia’s largest metallogenic province of Northern Transbaikalia. Potential sources of the ore material are considered by the example of new and previously published Pb–Pb data on nine deposits and occurrences of different scales. The comparison of Pb–Pb isotope-geochemical characteristics of ores, Paleozoic granitoids, as well as metamorphic pyrite from barren metasedimentary sequences shows that the Neoproterozoic terrigenous–carbonate rocks of the Baikal–Patom fold belt (BPB) served as the main source of lead and other components in the mineral-forming systems of the deposits. Significant variations of Pb isotope ratios typical in general of the considered deposits of the BPB reflect the initial isotopic heterogeneity of Pb source. This heterogeneity is caused by mixing of two geochemical types of continental crust during sedimentation: old (Early Precambrian) crust of the Siberian craton with long-term geochemical evolution and newly formed Late Precambrian crust. Pb–Pb data serve in support of the hydrothermal–metamorphogenic hypothesis of the formation of gold deposits of the BPB. 相似文献
17.
地下硐室锚注围岩的变形分析 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
地下硐室工程加固后围岩存在着继续位移。通过对工程实例的现场实测和大量测定结果进行统计分析,初步掌握了地下硐室工程破碎围岩加固后的岩体位移存在着方向变异性、破坏周期性和速度差异性。变形过程可分为急剧变形、调整变形和缓慢变形3个阶段。在一定的地压条件下,岩性和构造弱面决定着岩体位移的方向、速度和破坏周期。围岩加固后的位移在调整变形阶段可能改变位移方向,注浆加固岩层比未加固岩层的累计位移量小、但每次破裂的位移量大,破坏周期要短。及时锚注,滞后补注,分步加固是充分利用围岩自稳性,加强破碎围岩长期强度的最佳动态支护技术。 相似文献
18.
兰州都市圈发展可行性与发展战略研究 总被引：7，自引：1，他引：7
近年来都市圈理论的引入和创新发展，对城市化理论有重要影响。我国西部地区的城市化有其特殊性，西部地区的城市化研究对促进西部地区的现代化发展、落实科学发展观、保障全国的可持续发展都具有重要理论与现实意义。都市圈理论对西部地区尤其是西北地区中心城市区域的发展具有指导性，以兰州为例分析了西北地区都市圈建设的可行性与前景。首先分析论证了兰州都市圈建设的可行性，得出了兰州不仅迫切需要建设都市圈而具备发展都市圈的良好条件的结论；接着，以定量与定性结合的方法，评价了兰州在我国西部地区中心城市中的地位和兰州都市圈发展水平，发现兰州都市圈的雏形已经形成，在区域开发中发挥着重要作用；最后，提出了兰州都市圈发展战略，包括战略目标、战略思路、战略重点等，展示了兰州都市圈发展的前景。兰州都市圈可行性的典型研究，也展示了都市圈发展模式在西北地区开发中的应用的可行性，对完善我国的城市化理论和实践具有重要意义。 相似文献
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湖南郴州柿竹园超大型钨多金属矿床的成矿复杂性研究 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
用非线性科学和复杂性理论对湖南郴州柿竹园超大型钨多金属矿床的成矿复杂性进行系统、深入的研究 ,以成矿作用与时空结构是一切矿产资源的本质与核心的自然哲学理念为根本立足点 ,从一种新的视角 ,就矿床的动力学属性、矿床的物质成分与结构、矿床的地质学场和成矿系统的演化四大相互联系的范畴 ,对矿产资源进行再认识 ,提出了矿床的新定义 ,并较深刻地揭示了矿床的动力学属性、成矿物质高度多样化和复杂性及其超常规模集成、矿田成矿分带的内部结构、矿床地质学场的时空分形结构、成矿系统时间演化的长期性和成矿过程的多期多阶段性以及成矿作用的发生和矿床形成的分形生长机制等方面的复杂性与动力学本质。项目成果将矿床学的研究提高到非线性科学和复杂性理论的层次 ,提供了如何应用这种理论和方法对矿床的成矿复杂性进行研究的实例 ,也是第一作者所提出的关于成矿系统复杂性的新成矿理论与方法论“成矿动力系统在混沌边缘分形生长”的具体化及其进一步深化。沿着这一研究方向的不断开拓将可使传统矿床学向精确科学跨越。 相似文献