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1.
东海内陆架泥区沉积物的环境敏感粒度组分 总被引：31，自引：6，他引：25
对东海内陆架泥质沉积区的DD2孔和悬浮体进行了陆源物质提取,应用激光粒度仪做了粒度分析,并分析了DD2孔粒度参数的垂向分布序列。通过计算粒级-标准偏差的变化获得了DD2孔沉积物中对沉积环境变化较为敏感的粒度组分,约 19和 130μm是DD2孔所属区域对沉积环境敏感的粒级,分别对应于东海沿岸流和风暴流沉积动力过程。敏感粒度组分含量随深度变化的分析表明,该孔上段的沉积作用主要受控于沿岸流,沉积环境相对稳定;而下段沉积环境变化大,是风暴流和沿岸流的混合作用沉积的结果。 相似文献
2.
冲绳海槽千年来陆源物质输入历史与东亚季风变迁 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
为解决近1000年以来东海沿岸地区气候演化及其对南冲绳海槽陆源物质输入的影响, 对取自南冲绳海槽的MD05-2908孔上部(0~810cm) 共78份孢粉样品和199份有机碳同位素样品进行了分析.结果显示, 近1000年以来南冲绳海槽陆源物质输入存在着显著波动, 其中1100~1040aBP、960~880aBP和800~480aBP期间, 陆源物质输入比例增加; 1040~960aBP和480~230aBP期间, 陆源物质输入比例减少.将陆源物质输入指标与陕西佛爷洞δ13C含量记录对比分析, 发现陆源物质输入比例变化与季风的变化密切相关.当夏季风减弱时, 导致降雨带长时间集中在南部地区, 增强的降雨量提高了风化剥蚀以及沉积物向海洋搬运的能力, 使得陆源物质供应量增加. 相似文献
3.
冲绳海槽西部陆坡第四纪沉积地层划分 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
冲绳海槽西部陆坡是认识深海斜坡沉积的重要区域。通过对高分辨率地震资料的精细解释,结合已有的研究成果,在冲绳海槽西部陆坡海底以下识别出4个主要的地震层序界面,相应地划分出四个主要地震层序,各层序分别对应全新世沉积层(Q4)、晚更新世沉积层(Q3)、中更新世沉积层(Q2)和早更新世沉积层(Q1)。从陆坡上部往下由斜交前积反射结构过渡到杂乱的反射结构,在地震剖面上可识别出杂乱的丘形反射单元,是滑塌体和重力流沉积的典型地震反射特征,反映出一种高能的、极不稳定的沉积环境。海槽轴部以平行-亚平行的地震反射特征为主,显示了稳定的深海-半深海的沉积环境。地震反射结构的多样性反映了冲绳海槽西部陆坡沉积环境的复杂性和沉机作用类型的多样性,沉积地层结构是多种因素共同作用的结果。东海陆架和冲绳海槽发育相同的第四纪地层垂向序列,同时冲绳海槽西部陆坡与东海陆架第四纪沉积层在层序界面、沉积层厚度、变形程度和产状等方面存在着差异,单靠地震资料来进行两个地区的地层对比存在着不确定性。 相似文献
4.
浊流沉积是陆源物质向深海搬运的主要方式,其发生对于海底扇、峡谷以及深海油气藏的形成具有重要意义。对冲绳海槽3个柱状样岩芯的研究,均发现了发生于7300~7500cal.a B.P.的浊流层。这3个浊流层S1,S2和S3的发生伴随着粒度、粘土矿物以及log(Ti/Ca)的明显变化。浊流沉积层相比正常沉积层具有粗粒组分峰值较高以及下覆的不整合构造,粒度上呈现由粗到细的正粒序构造。伴随着粒度的变化,log(Ti/Ca)也发生明显增大。A7孔位的S2浊流层的底部以及Oki01孔位的S3浊流层的上部含有火山灰层,火山玻璃含量约为80%左右。火山灰层的粒度众数约24~32μm的单峰分布。通过对比其他古气候、古环境指标,发现7300~7500 cal.a B.P.的浊流事件可能与活跃的火山地震作用以及冬季风明显增强有关。 相似文献
5.
冲绳海槽南部表层沉积物地球化学特征及其物源和环境指示意义 总被引：9，自引：1，他引：9
对冲绳海槽南部陆架、陆坡和海槽 33个表层沉积物进行了元素地球化学分析,结果表明研究区沉积物的主要化学组成为SiO2 、Al2 O3 和CaO,这三种组分占沉积物总量的 6 8%左右。多数元素在陆架和陆坡的变化范围较大,在海槽区相对稳定。向海槽方向随沉积物粒径变细,SiO2 和CaO减少、Al2 O3 和其它多数元素含量增加。常量元素和Al2 O3 的比值分布特征表明,本区沉积物由物源区经由陆架向海槽输送,沉积物主要由陆源碎屑沉积组成,此外还有生物碎屑沉积和自生沉积。陆架区部分微量元素富集因子 (EF)与长江和黄河沉积物的富集因子对比结果表明,本区的沉积物与长江沉积物的关系更为密切。陆坡区Cu、Pb、Zn、Co、Ni和Cr的富集因子较高是由于生物的富集作用造成的,Mn的富集主要是自生沉积的结果。用R型因子分析方法对沉积物的化学组成进行了分析,结合元素的分布特征,给出了四个主因子所对应的沉积环境和特征元素组合,分别为 1)陆架型的元素组合 :SiO2 、TiO2 、Zr、CaO和Sr,2 )陆坡型的元素组合Fe2 O3 、MgO和P2 O5,3)海槽型的元素组合 :Al2 O3 、K2 O、Cu、Zn、Co、Ni、Cr和Ba,4 )反映沉积环境氧化-还原属性的元素组合 :MnO和FeO。 相似文献
6.
根据15个表层沉积物丰、枯季粒度数据,综合运用Pejrup粒度三角图、粒径-标准偏差曲线以及粒度参数分析法,对现代黄河三角洲南部宁海—西双河叶瓣潮滩丰、枯季沉积物粒度特征进行了分析。结果表明:沉积物粒度存在季节性变化,且空间分布不同。丰季由于降水量大,总体沉积环境相对稳定;枯季沉积环境相对动荡,受现代黄河影响明显。粒度参数相互关系显示,沉积物在形成前经历了较长时间的分选,物质来源多样性与潮滩动力关系不大,且丰季与枯季物质来源不同。对比丰季和枯季沉积环境函数值,发现丰季受潮汐余流影响较强,以浅海沉积为主;枯季在黄河及沿岸河流影响下,以河流（三角洲）沉积为主。 相似文献
7.
选取东海陆架至冲绳海槽槽底平原的110个表层沉积样品,通过磁化率、等温剩磁、非磁滞剩磁和饱和等温剩磁等多种磁学参数测量试验手段,分析探讨了沉积物磁性与物质来源及环境的内在联系,指出不同沉积环境中,各磁性参数表现出不同的磁性特征。冲绳海槽东槽底平原沉积物因含有较多的火山物质,磁学特征与其它沉积环境有明显差异,各磁性参数特征值明显较强。CaCO3含量与磁性参数没有明显的相关性,但在高含量区可能对沉积物磁性矿物的含量具有稀释作用,使沉积物表现出相对减弱的磁性特征。 相似文献
8.
基于现代黄河水下三角洲浅地层剖面资料和GYDY钻孔的岩性、磁性、地层年代与古生物数据,将研究区26.2m以浅地层自上而下划分为6个沉积单元,分别对应DU 1～6.在高分辨率粒度测试的基础上,根据沉积物粒径组分、粒度参数、粒度资料图解和结构散点图等分析手段,分析了各沉积单元的粒度分布规律及对应的动力沉积环境,并探讨了研究区晚更新世末期(约36.2cal.ka B.P.)以来的动力环境演化.结果表明:DU 6沉积单元为献县海侵层,形成于浅海陆架沉积环境,水动力环境强度弱,沉积作用以静水悬浮沉积为主;DU5沉积单元形成于末次盛冰期,动力强度大,动力环境变化复杂,粒度图解显示其整段或局部可能接收风营力改造,接受风成沉积物补给的可能性较大;DU4沉积单元冰后期约13.3～ 8.5ka B.P.,为河口沉积层,以中等到弱沉积动力为主,动力环境变化复杂;DU3沉积单元为狭义黄骅海侵层,形成于受多种营力作用的滨海环境,沉积环境较稳定;DU 1和DU 2沉积单元属现代黄河三角洲沉积层,形成于较弱到中等动力强度三角洲环境,其中DU 2沉积单元可能受到黄河1855年铜瓦厢改道入渤初期尾闾大幅度摆动的影响,粒度特征变化复杂.各沉积单元的粒度特征的变化规律与海侵-海退层序基本一致,是冰期-间冰期旋回海陆变迁过程中多营力共同作用的结果.研究区古气候变化仅在本区暴露于陆的末次盛冰期与冰后期早期对相应沉积单元粒度分布有一定影响. 相似文献
9.
冲绳海槽的晚第四纪浊流沉积 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
张明书 《吉林大学学报(地球科学版)》1988,(1)
冲绳海槽晚第四纪的浊流沉积发育在海底斜坡带和坡折处静水环境,属阵发性纵向浊流。物质来源于海槽中心斜坡区的滑塌沉积物、岛坡、陆坡和台湾宜兰浇滩的碎屑沉积物。受控于海底地形、滞流环境和构造岩浆活动以及伴生的浅源地震。 冲绳海槽海底表层浊流沉积物,形成在晚更新世末次冰期最盛期、末次冰期末和冰后期三个阶段,以末次冰期最盛期阵发频繁,浊积物最发育,与气候寒冷期有一定的相关性。 相似文献
10.
古生产力的精确重建对于了解地质历史时期的碳循环具有非常重要的作用,高分辨率有机地球化学记录在重建古海洋生产力上有独到的优势。基于17个AMS14C年代分析数据,本文分析了冲绳海槽南端MD05-2908孔(24°48.04′N,122°29.35′E)沉积柱状样中的长链不饱和烯酮含量以及物质通量,并结合沉积物有机碳同位素数据恢复评价了南冲绳海槽古海洋生产力的变化。结果显示近7000aB.P.以来南冲绳海槽古生产力存在着显著波动。将海洋古生产力指标与全新世ITCZ南北移动记录的对比分析,发现其变化与ITCZ的南北移动有密切的关系,一方面ITCZ南北移动影响陆源物质的输入,从而改变海洋营养物质的供应状况,造成生产力的高低变化;另一方面,ITCZ南北移动所造成的陆源物质输入冲淡了海洋生产力输入对沉积有机质的贡献,因此在高陆源物质影响区单用生物标志化合物相对有机碳的丰度评价古海洋生产力存在着一定的不可靠性。此外,通过与高纬度气候记录的对比发现,南冲绳海槽海洋生产力的低值变化与北半球高纬度地区的气候冷事件基本一致,显示出高低纬度气候环境变化之间的强相关性。 相似文献
11.
The prerequisite for obtaining variations of terrigenous grain-size of marine sediments is how to effectively remove non-terrigenous matters and preserve terrigenous particles synchronously. Combined with observations under biological microscope and scanning electron microscope, a comparative study of biogenic debris removal effect and terrigenous grain-size analysis under different pretreatment condition was performed on core sediments, which were retrieved in the South China Sea during the MD190 cruise. Our new results showed that the main three biogenic particles, namely, organic matter, carbonate, and opal in marine sediments could be removed effectively by 30% H2O2 in a stirring water bath at 60 ℃ for 3 h, 0.5% HCl for 1 h, and 2 mol/L Na2CO3 in a stirring water bath at 85 ℃ for 5 h, in turn. Such pretreatments achieved the goals of biogenic debris removal efficiency and relatively well-preserved terrigenous particles. Prior to selecting an appropriate pretreatment method, this study suggested that the actual effects of biogenic detritus on grain-size results of diverse marine sediment samples should be taken into account. If the laboratory data are ensured to be closer to the natural grain-size distribution of terrigenous particles, the removals of all biogenic debris are not always needed, and the less pretreatment processes the better. For example, opal particles have little effect on terrigenous grain-size distribution when their percentage is lower than 2%. Thus, there is no use to remove them from marine sediments before laboratory grain-size analysis of terrigenous particles. Additionally, ultrasonic is not suggested through the whole process of terrigenous grain-size analysis because the strong energy of ultrasonic can lead to the fragmentation of some fragile terrigenous particles. 相似文献
12.
乌伦古湖沉积物粒度特征及其古气候环境意义 总被引：22，自引：4，他引：22
利用乌伦古湖沉积钻孔的粒度资料,分析了粒度频率曲线、粒度参数和粒度组成等粒度特征,并探讨了乌伦古湖粒度代表的古气候意义。结果表明乌伦古湖沉积物频率曲线主要是正态单峰型,反映流水作用为主要沉积作用。岩芯下部（225197cm）沉积物分选较差,偏度和尖度较大,为浅水沉积环境;中部（197103cm）分选由差变好,物源由复杂变单一,为浅水沉积向深水沉积过渡环境;上部（1030cm）分选较好,物源单一,中值粒径减小,反映了湖水位的下降。沉积物粒度特征反映了乌伦古湖地区全新世降水、流水和风力作用以及湖面水位高低的变化。乌伦古湖一万年来的古气候环境演化大致经历了102507720cal.aBP的干旱、77202800cal.aBP的湿润和2800cal.aBP以来的偏干三个阶段。 相似文献
13.
CAMPBELL S. NELSON 《Sedimentology》1977,24(1):31-52
Grain-size parameters derived from the mechanical analysis of acid-insoluble residues from mixed terrigenous-shell beach sediments from Auckland, New Zealand, are more effective for interpreting the depositional processes, and for characterizing the beach environment on textural scatter plots, than are parameters based on the analysis of the total beach samples. This results mainly from the wide variations in size of hydraulically equivalent skeletal carbonate grains in the sediment, especially in the coarser size grades, but may also be accentuated by the local origin and susceptibility to alteration of the shell material. Compared with the total sediment grain-size distribution, the insoluble residues from the beach deposits are characteristically finer-grained, better sorted, and more consistently coarse-skewed and leptokurtic. The grain-size distribution characteristics of insoluble residues from several stratigraphic units in a sequence of Oligocene mixed terrigenous-skeletal shelf sediments in the South Auckland region distinguish depositional mechanisms and environmental energy levels for each unit that are consistent with interpretations made on the basis of carbonate petrography and palaeontology. With regard to the bulk content of terrigenous mud in the insoluble residues, the grain-size distribution of the fraction coarser than 4φ is alone diagnostic of the energy-time trends in these sediments. The grain-size parameters of the acid-insoluble residues in modern and ancient mixed terrigenous-skeletal carbonate sediments may provide more reliable criteria for distinguishing and characterizing the depositional environment of these deposits than do the parameters obtained from the size distribution of the total grain population. 相似文献
14.
Turbiditic and non-turbiditic mudstone of Cretaceous flysch sections of the East Alps and other basins 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
REINHARD HESSE 《Sedimentology》1975,22(3):387-416
Recognition of the occurrence and extent of hemipelagic and pelagic deposits in turbidite sequences is of considerable importance for environmental analysis (palaeodepth, circulation, distance from land, hemipelagic or pelagic versus turbidite sedimentation rates) of ancient basins. Differentiation between the finegrained parts (E-division) of turbidites and the (hemi-) pelagic layers (F-division of turbidite-pelagite alternations) is facilitated in basins where carbonate turbidites were deposited below the carbonate compensation depth (CCD) such as the Flysch Zone of the East Alps but may be difficult in other basins where less compositional contrast is developed between the fine-grained turbidites and hemipelagites. This difficulty pertains particularly in Palaeozoic and older basins. For Late Mesozoic-Cenozoic oceans with a relatively deep calcite compensation level three other types of turbidite basins may be distinguished for which differentiation becomes increasingly more difficult in the sequence from (1) to (3): (1) terrigenous turbidite basins above the CCD; (2) carbonate turbidite basins above the CCD; (3) terrigenous turbidite basins below the CCD. Criteria and methods useful for the differentiation between turbiditic and hemipelagic mudstone in the Upper Cretaceous of the Flysch Zone of the East Alps include calcium carbonate content, colour, sequential analysis, distribution of bioturbation, and microfaunal content. In modern turbidite basins clay mineral content, organic matter content, plant fragments, and grain-size (graded bedding, maximum grain diameter) have reportedly also been used as criteria (see Table 3). Deposition of muddy sediment by turbidity currents on weakly sloping sea bottoms such as the distal parts of deep-sea fans or abyssal plains is not only feasible but may lead to the accumulation of thick layers. Contrary to earlier speculation it can be explained by the hydrodynamic theory of turbidity currents, if temperature differences between the turbidity current and the ambient deep water as well as relatively high current velocities for the deposition of turbiditic muds (an order of magnitude higher on mud surfaces than commonly assumed) are taken into consideration. The former add to the capacity of turbidity currents to carry muddy sediment without creating a driving force on a low slope. 相似文献
15.
Nore Praet Maarten Van Daele Tim Collart Jasper Moernaut Elke Vandekerkhove Philipp Kempf Peter J. Haeussler Marc De Batist 《Sedimentology》2020,67(5):2332-2359
Turbidites embedded in lacustrine sediment sequences are commonly used to reconstruct regional flood or earthquake histories. A critical step for this method to be successful is that turbidites and their trigger mechanisms are determined unambiguously. The latter is particularly challenging for prehistoric proglacial lake records in high-seismicity settings where both earthquake-generated and flood-generated turbidites interrupt the background varved sedimentation. This calls for a new method to allow efficient and objective identification and classification of turbidites. This study examined turbidites in five long (9 to 17 m) sediment cores from Eklutna Lake, a proglacial lake in south-central Alaska, using standard core logging and grain-size data. A novel statistical approach is presented, in which varve-thickness distributions were first analyzed to objectively identify the thickest turbidites and distinguish them from background sedimentation. For each turbidite, a selection of variables were then measured, including: basal grain-size, thickness, magnetic susceptibility and spectrophotometric variables. Triggering mechanisms were discriminated by a combination of principal component analysis and clustering, and by calibration with historical events. Using this approach, a 2250 year long lake-wide event stratigraphy was constructed, with 94 prehistoric events, including 24 earthquake and 70 flood events. Basal grain-size and thickness variables turn out to be the most effective proxies for discrimination. This statistical approach is a powerful and new method to identify turbidites and their triggering mechanisms in long prehistoric sediment records. It opens up new prospects for palaeoseismological, palaeohydrological and palaeoclimate studies in proglacial lakes worldwide. 相似文献
16.
新疆柴窝堡湖沉积物中环境敏感粒度组分揭示的环境信息 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
通过对柴窝堡湖沉积物剖面和流域表层沉积物进行粒度分析,结合沉积剖面年代序列,研究了柴窝堡地区的环境演变与沙尘暴事件。首先通过主成分因子分析,对柴窝堡湖沉积物剖面粒度不同粒级组分含量进行了研究,探讨了湖泊沉积物的物质来源,获得了两个主控因子F1和F2,它们控制了湖泊沉积物近97.7%的粒度变化特征。研究表明,F2代表了以57 μm为众数粒径的次总体,主要来源于地表风沙侵蚀;而F1为以7 μm为众数粒径的次总体,主要受流水作用控制。进而通过粒径-标准偏差法,提取了湖泊沉积物中环境敏感粒度组分,风成组分C2（20~209 μm）反映了区域风沙活动的历史,并揭示了1910-1930年和1980-2000年为百年来的两个沙尘暴相对活动强烈的时期。沉积物中记录的1980年和2000年左右的沙尘事件与器测记录及历史文献记载具有很好的一致性。最后利用均值突变诊断分析,发现柴窝堡湖地区1910年前后存在近百年来最强的沙尘事件,揭示了近百年来该地区一次最强的环境突变事件。 相似文献
17.
在放射性同位素210Pb、137Cs定年的基础上,通过对沉积物粒度参数的分析,探讨了近200年来乌伦古湖沉积物粒度敏感组分特征及其环境意义。研究表明,乌伦古湖WL孔沉积物以黏土和细粉砂为主,但在1970 AD前后,粒度参数发生了突变,其中>16 μm组分所占含量迅速升高,在约1830~1842 AD及1910 AD前后这两个时期,沉积物的粒度参数也有较显著的变化。对沉积物粒度频率分布曲线的分析表明,在对应时期内,沉积物的搬运介质或搬运动力发生了变化。基于此,首先通过粒径-标准偏差方法提取了粒度中的敏感组分C2（7~25 μm）,进而通过粒度敏感组分与器测气象数据的相关性分析,明确了组分C2含量的环境指示意义。结果表明,组分C2含量的大小与研究区冬、春季温度和冬季降水量大小有关,反映了积雪融水入湖的强度。在约1830~1842 AD、1910 AD前后,组分C2含量偏高,反映入湖水量较大、湖泊水位较高。而20世纪60年代到70年代,沉积物粒度参数的显著变化与流域人类活动的影响有关。 相似文献
18.
甘肃岷县－宕昌地区属酉秦岭的中秦岭分区南带。下二叠统的硅质岩主要有：砾屑硅质岩、砂屑硅质岩、放射虫硅质岩和条带状硅质岩。本文主要讨论了碎屑硅质岩的沉积特征、岩石特征、沉积构造、颗粒大小、地球化学特征及沉积序列特征．从而论证了该地区的粗碎屑沉积是拉张环境深海盆地中的内源碎屑硅质浊积。通过与Ｓｔｏｗ等硅质浊积模式和经典的陆源碎屑浊积模式的对比，讨论了它的新特点，并由此进一步建立了一个深海硅质法积岩的完整沉积序列。粗碎屑硅质岩在国内外的报道还不多见，它的发现对丰富深海沉积类型及了解西秦岭的古海洋演化具有重要意义。 相似文献
19.
Shift in detrital sedimentation in the eastern Bay of Bengal during the late Quaternary 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
C. Prakash Babu J. N. Pattan K. Dutta N. Basavaiah G. V. Ravi Prasad D. K. Ray P. Govil 《Journal of Earth System Science》2010,119(3):285-295
Down-core variations of granulometric, geochemical and mineral magnetism of a 70-cm long sediment core retrieved from the eastern Bay of Bengal abyssal region were studied to understand sedimentation pattern and sediment provenance during the last ～12 kyr BP. Based on down-core physical and elemental variations, three units were identified: unit 3 (70–43 cm) is a ～30 cm thick clayey silt organic carbon-rich (0.5–0.92%) turbidite probably delivered by the Brahmaputra River during the late Quaternary period. Units 2 (43–24 cm) and 1 (24–0 cm) represent enhanced and reduced supply of coarse-grained detrital sediments from the Ganges River during early and late Holocene period, respectively. Increased terrigenous supply dilutes calcium carbonate (CaCO3) and biogenic elements (P, Ba and Cu) in units 3 and 2. On the contrary, a reduction in detrital input enhances CaCO3 and biogenic elements in unit 1. Lithogenic elements (Ti, Al, K and Rb) and shale-normalized REE patterns in all three units suggest terrigenous source. The shift in provenance from the Brahmaputra to the Ganges derived sediments is evident by a sharp increase in sediment grain size, increased concentration and grain size assemblages of magnetic minerals, lithogenic elements concentration and Lan/Ybn ratio. This study highlights terrigenous dilution on biogenic sedimentation in the eastern Bay of Bengal sediments. 相似文献
20.
A piston core from the basinal part (depth of 5188 m) of the South Shetland Trench (West Antarctica) yielded a terrigenous mud section 11 m long, which can be subdivided with great precision into turbidite and hemipelagite layers. Mud turbidites (mean bed thickness = 44 cm) alternate regularly with, and are best distinguishable from, their hemipelagite host (mean bed thickness = 17 cm) by the following features: (i) sharp basal contacts; (ii) terrigenous sand-free textures (except basal, well-sorted silt laminae) and the absence of outsized (ice-rafted) components; (iii) a laminated, little to non-bioturbated internal structure; (iv) distinct textural and compositional grading; and (v) marked steps on water-content and sediment-density logs. Mud turbidites recovered from the South Shetland Trench differ from an earlier model mud-turbidite sequence by their: (i) excessive (about six times larger) bed thickness; (ii) complex internal organization, manifested in multiple repetitions (up to four) of the same structural interval(s) in sequential or nonsequential order; (iii) distinctive very fine-grained cap of highly porous clay, rich in fragments of siliceous biogenics; (iv) widespread zones of penesyndepositional deformation; and (v) evidence of flow reversals. These features are interpreted to record deposition from large, muddy turbidity currents subjected to flow transformations, including soliton- and/or seiche-related reversals, induced by ponding and interactions of the flow with the topographical confinements of the trench. It is concluded that‘contained’muddy turbidites cannot be adequately modelled using published sequences. Differentiation of single-model and‘contained’mud turbidites offers obvious advantages in basin analysis and in understanding the plethora of turbidity current-related depositional mechanisms of deep-sea mud. 相似文献